scholarly journals ON THE CAUSE OF THE HEART BEAT

1897 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Apical Part ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Rhythmic Contraction ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Mammalian Heart

1. The cause of the rhythmic contraction of the ventricle lies within the ventricle itself. 2. The cause of the rhythmic contraction is not a single, localized, co-ordination centre; the co-ordination mechanism, whatever it may be, is present in all parts of the ventricle. 3. The integrity of the whole ventricle is not essential to the coordinated contractions of a part of the ventricle. 4. The apex of the mammalian heart possesses spontaneous, rhythmic contractility. 5. Assuming that the general belief in the absence of nerve cells from the apical part of the ventricle is correct, these experiments demonstrate that nerve cells are not essential to spontaneous, long-continued, co-ordinated contractions of the ventricle.

Endings of the vagus nerve fibers in the mammalian heart

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 622-623
Author(s):  
B. I. Lavrent'ev
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Mammalian Heart ◽  
Cardiac Ganglia ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Spiral Fibers

In 1893, Prof. V.V. Nikolaev, having cut vagus nerves of a frog, saw under a microscope degeneration of so-called spiral fibers and pericellular apparatuses on nerve cells of intracardiac nodes. Later these observations were thoroughly verified by Prof. D.V. Polumordvinov and fully confirmed by him. I had a chance to look through amazing by technique preparations of the late Prof. Polumordvinov, obtained by methylene blue method, on which decay of pericellular apparatuses in cardiac ganglia of a frog was absolutely clearly visible. D. V-ch, who died untimely in 1919, unfortunately, did not have time to publish in detail his important study; the manuscript and drawings of his work also remained undiscovered.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF NERVE CELLS

1920 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. Garrey
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Cardiac Ganglion ◽  
Different Temperatures

1. It is possible to determine by the colorimetric method the rate of production of carbon dioxide by the cardiac ganglion of Limulus. 2. Carbon dioxide formation in the cardiac ganglion was found to run parallel to the rate of heart beat for different temperatures. 3. The conclusion seems justified that the rate of cardiac rhythm of Limulus depends upon a chemical reaction in the nerve cells of the cardiac ganglion and that this reaction is associated with the production of carbon dioxide since the rate of beat and the rate of CO2 production are similarly affected by changes in temperature.

THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN HORMONE-LIKE SUBSTANCES ON THE ISOLATED HEART OF THE SKATE

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ELINOR HUNTSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Perfusion Fluid ◽  
Acetyl Choline ◽  
Mammalian Heart

The excised hearts of spinal skates (Raja spp.) were employed, using a modified Straub method with Smith's perfusion fluid. Adrenaline, when added to the perfusion fluid, produced both acceleration and augmentation of the heart beats, but after atropine adrenaline had scarcely any effect. Acetyl choline diminished the rate and decreased the amplitude of the heart beat but on addition of atropine the beat returned to normal. Histamine produced augmentation and a slight acceleration of the heart beat. It was concluded that the skate heart reacts to this substance in much the same way as does the mammalian heart but in the case of the skate there is a rather poorly developed sympathetic innervation.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF NERVE CELLS

1920 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. Garrey
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
Whole Heart

In the case of the heart of Limulus polyphemus the same magnitude and variation of the temperature coefficient (Q10) is obtained from the whole heart as from the ganglion alone. From the magnitude of the temperature coefficients and their variation with changes of temperature we may conclude that the rate of the heart beat is determined by alteration of chemical processes in the ganglion cells.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

Ultrastructural study on the development of rat amygdaloid body

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
A. Manolova ◽  
S. Manolov
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Amygdaloid Complex ◽  
Amygdaloid Body ◽  
Thin Ring ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Abundant Cytoplasm ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Oval Shape

Relatively few data on the development of the amygdaloid complex are available only at the light microscopic level (1-3). The existence of just general morphological criteria requires the performance of other investigations in particular ultrastructural in order to obtain new and more detailed information about the changes in the amygdaloid complex during development.The prenatal and postnatal development of rat amygdaloid complex beginning from the 12th embrionic day (ED) till the 33rd postnatal day (PD) has been studied. During the early stages of neurogenesis (12ED), the nerve cells were observed to be closely packed, small-sized, with oval shape. A thin ring of cytoplasm surrounded their large nuclei, their nucleoli being very active with various size and form (Fig.1). Some cells possessed more abundant cytoplasm. The perikarya were extremely rich in free ribosomes. Single sacs of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were observed among them. The mitochondria were with light matrix and possessed few cristae. Neural processes were viewed to sprout from some nerve cells (Fig.2). Later the nuclei were still comparatively large and with various shape.

Nerve Cells and Animal Behaviour

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Simmons ◽  
David Young
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Animal Behaviour
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