scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF PENICILLIN-INDUCED FEVER

1972 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Chusid ◽  
Elisha Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endogenous Pyrogen ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Protein Conjugate ◽  
Other Hand

Rabbits immunized to benzylpenicillin G responded with fever when challenged with a penicillin-serum protein conjugate, but not with penicillin itself. After one or two challenges with conjugate, the rabbits became unresponsive (tolerant) to further injections. This form of hypersensitivity was transferable with plasma of immunized donors to normal rabbits. Blood leukocytes of immunized rabbits incubated with penicillin-protein conjugate and hypersensitive serum released endogenous pyrogen in vitro. Spleen cells from the same animals, on the other hand, were inactive when incubated with this antigen in vitro. These experiments appear to be the first to demonstrate in vitro a possible mechanism of drug-induced fever.

scholarly journals THE CHARACTERS OF KUPFFER CELLS LIVING IN VITRO

1934 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Beard ◽  
Peyton Rous
Keyword(s):  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Tyrode Solution ◽  
General Aspect ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Culture In Vitro ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Glass Membranes

The Kupffer cells procured from the liver of the rabbit and dog for culture in vitro have the typical characters of clasmatocytes. They are readily discriminated from the monocytes washed from the liver with them; and they have certain peculiar features which suffice to differentiate them from some at least of the clasmatocytes of other organs. Their surface is extraordinarily sticky,—far more so than that of blood leukocytes or of the clasmatocytes found in peritoneal exudates; and in consequence they are exceedingly difficult to handle in vitro. They put forth enormous, pellucid, circular membranes resembling those of exudate clasmatocytes but larger. Splenic clasmatocytes, on the other hand, put forth rather small, one-sided ground-glass membranes like broad tongues. On comparing them with Kupffer cells and exudate clasmatocytes one perceives that they are not wholly identical in their characters, but have secondary peculiarities. However, there exist good morphological reasons for grouping them together and terming them all reticulo-endothelial. Kupffer cells are notably sensitive to injury, surviving in Tyrode solution for a much shorter time than blood leukocytes. However, they can be readily cultured on lens paper in serum. Under such circumstances they scatter on the fibres and live separately, presenting the same general aspect as when in the liver; but in the course of proliferation they soon lose some of their pronounced characters, retaining such as are common to clasmatocytes in general. A considerable population of ordinary leukocytes exists in the hepatic sinuses over and above those circulating in the blood. During infection, their number may greatly increase. Several cubic centimeters of packed white cells have been obtained from the liver of a sick dog. The fact has been realized that leukocytes may stop a while in the liver, yet the extent of the accumulation which sometimes takes place seems deserving of stress.

scholarly journals Colchicine stimulation of pyrogen production by human blood leukocytes.

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bodel
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Endogenous Pyrogen ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Pmn Leukocyte

The effect of colchicine, an anti-inflammatory agent, on endogenous pyrogen (EP) production by human blood leukocytes in vitro was examined. Colchicine not only failed to suppress EP production by human leukocytes stimulated by phagocytosis, but, in the absence of other stimuli, micromolar concentrations of the drug induced pyrogen production and release by both polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear leukocytes. The response was dose related, occurring at concentrations above 0.1 muM. Colcemid and vinblastine, other agents which bind to microtubular protein, also induced pyrogen release from human leukocytes, whereas lumicolchicine, a light-alerted derivative of colchicine without affinity for microtubules, was ineffective. Colchicine did not induce EP production by rabbit leukocytes, even at 100 muM concentration. Studies of the mechanism of PMN leukocyte activation by Colcemid indicated that although the time required for contact between drug and leukocyte was brief, pyrogen production and release did not begin for 6 or more hours. If added during this time, puromycin prevented subsequent production and release of pyrogen. These results indicated that agents which interfere with the assembly of microtubules induce EP production and secretion by human leukocytes in vitro.

scholarly journals The role of surface IgD in the response to thymic-independent antigens.

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 1707-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
I M Zitron ◽  
D E Mosier ◽  
W E Paul
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Igh Genes

An alloanti-delta antibody was prepared by immunizing C57BL/Ka mice with BALB/c spleen cells. Its specificity for delta-chain was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE of 125I-labeled membrane proteins from BC8 spleen cells. BC8 mice possess C57BL/Ka "background" genes and BALB/c IgH genes. The anti-delta reagent without complement inhibited the primary in vitro anti-TNP antibody response to TNP-AECM-Ficoll by BC8 spleen cells, although it had no effect of the anti-TNP response of congenic C57BL/Ka spleen cells, which lack the delta-allotype identified by this antibody. On the other hand, the anti-delta antibody had no effect on the anti-TNP response of BC8 spleen cells to TNP-BA, except at limiting antigen concentrations. Both TNP-AECM-Ficoll and TNP-BA are T-I antigens, but they differ in that TNP-AECM-Ficoll fails to stimulate in vitro responses by immunologically defective CBA/N and neonatal spleen cells whereas TNP-BA can cause responses from both these animals. These results suggest that the IgD receptor is critical to T-I antibody responses initiated by TNP-AECM-Ficoll but that it is not required for T-I responses stimulated by TNP-BA.

EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON TSH-INDUCED STIMULATION OF THYROIDAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Wägar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Translational Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Whether the short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH occurs at the transcriptional or the translational level was tested by measuring the effect of actinomycin D (act D) on the TSH-induced stimulation of L-14C-leucine incorporation into the thyroidal proteins of rats. TSH was injected 6 h before the rats were killed. The thyroid glands were then removed and incubated in vitro in the presence of L-14C-leucine for 2 h. The pronounced stimulation of leucine incorporation in the TSH-treated animals was depressed as compared with controls but still significant even when the animals had been pre-treated with 100 μg act D 24 and 7 h before sacrifice. On the other hand, act D strongly decreased incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA. Short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH appears to be partly but not wholly dependent on neosynthesis of RNA. Hence regulation may partly occur at the translation level of protein synthesis.

Oxytocin analogues with non-coded amino acid residues in position 8: [8-Neopentylglycine]oxytocin and [8-cycloleucine]oxytocin

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2317-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hlaváček ◽  
Jan Pospíšek ◽  
Jiřina Slaninová ◽  
Walter Y. Chan ◽  
Victor J. Hruby
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fragment Condensation

[8-Neopentylglycine]oxytocin (II) and [8-cycloleucine]oxytocin (III) were prepared by a combination of solid-phase synthesis and fragment condensation. Both analogues exhibited decreased uterotonic potency in vitro, each being about 15-30% that of oxytocin. Analogue II also displayed similarly decreased uterotonic potency in vivo and galactogogic potency. On the other hand, analogue III exhibited almost the same potency as oxytocin in the uterotonic assay in vivo and in the galactogogic assay.

Peroxidases from Tulip Bulbs (Tulipa fosteriana, L.) Oxidize Xenobiotics NNitrosodimethylamine and N-Nitroso-N-methylaniline in vitro

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1804-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Stiborová ◽  
Hana Hansíková
Keyword(s):  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Plant Peroxidases ◽  
Tulip Bulbs

Tulip bulbs (Tulipa fosteriana, L.) contain peroxidases catalyzing the oxidation of the xenobiotics N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitroso-N-methylaniline (NMA). Three anionic (A1, A2, A3) and four cationic (B, C, D, E) peroxidases were purified from this tissue, partially characterized and used for kinetic studies. Demethylation of NDMA and NMA producing formaldehyde is catalyzed by one anionic (A1) and three cationic (C, D, E) peroxidases. The oxidation of NDMA by tulip peroxidases exhibits the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The apparent Michaelis constant and the maximal velocity values for this substrate were determined. On the other hand, non-Michaelian kinetics for the NMA oxidation were observed with tulip peroxidases. The most abundant cationic peroxidase (peroxidase C) was used for detailed enzymatic studies. In addition to formation of formaldehyde, methylaniline, aniline, 4-aminophenol and phenol were found to be metabolites formed from NMA. Phenol was formed presumably by N-demethylation via a benzenediazonium ion, while methylaniline, aniline and 4-aminophenol were products of denitrosation of the substrate. The efficiencies of plant peroxidases to oxidize NDMA and NMA in vitro are compared with those of cytochromes P450 and discussed.

scholarly journals Fetal erythropoiesis in steel mutant mice. III. Defect in differentiation from BFU-E to CFU-E during early development

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Chui ◽  
SK Liao ◽  
K Walker
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Early Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor Cells ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Fetal Erythropoiesis

Abstract Erythroid progenitor cells in +/+ and Sl/Sld fetal livers manifested as burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units- erythroid (CFU-E) were assayed in vitro during early development. The proportion of BFU-E was higher as mutant than in normal fetal livers. On the other hand, the proportion of CFU-E was less in the mutant than in the normal. These results suggest that the defect in Sl/Sld fetal hepatic erythropoiesis is expressed at the steps of differentiation that effect the transition from BFU-E to CFU-E.

scholarly journals THE PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF STREPTOCOCCI FROM CASES OF POLIOMYELITIS AND OTHER SOURCES

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carroll G. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Streptococci cultivated from the tonsils of thirty-two cases of poliomyelitis were used to inoculate various laboratory animals. In no case was a condition induced resembling poliomyelitis clinically or pathologically in guinea pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, or monkeys. On the other hand, a considerable percentage of the rabbits and a smaller percentage of some of the other animals developed lesions due to streptococci. These lesions consisted of meningitis, meningo-encephalitis, abscess of the brain, arthritis, tenosynovitis, myositis, abscess of the kidney, endocarditis, pericarditis, and neuritis. No distinction in the character or frequency of the lesions could be determined between the streptococci derived from poliomyelitic patients and from other sources. Streptococci isolated from the poliomyelitic brain and spinal cord of monkeys which succumbed to inoculation with the filtered virus failed to induce in monkeys any paralysis or the characteristic histological changes of poliomyelitis. These streptococci are regarded as secondary bacterial invaders of the nervous organs. Monkeys which have recovered from infection with streptococci derived from cases of poliomyelitis are not protected from infection with the filtered virus, and their blood does not neutralize the filtered virus in vitro. We have failed to detect any etiologic or pathologic relationship between streptococci and epidemic poliomyelitis in man or true experimental poliomyelitis in the monkey.

In vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature of oxovanadium(IV)porphyrin complexes in healthy rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan K. Saha ◽  
Yutaka Yoshikawa ◽  
Hirouki Yasui ◽  
Hiromu Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Insulin Mimetic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Better Than

We prepared [meso-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV) tetrasodium, ([VO(tcpp)]Na4), and investigated its in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature in healthy rats. The results were compared with those of previously proposed insulin-mimetic oxovanadium(IV)porphyrin complexes and oxovanadium(IV) sulphate. The in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and bioavailability of [VO(tcpp)]Na4 were considerably better than those of [meso-tetrakis (1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV)(4+) tetraperchlorate ([VO(tmpyp)](ClO4)4) and oxovanadium(IV) sulphate. On the other hand, [VO(tcpp)]Na4 and [meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato]oxidovanadate(IV)(4-)([VO(tpps)]) showed very similar in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature in healthy rats. In particular, the order of in vitro insulin-mimetic activity of the complexes was determined to be: [VO(tcpp)]Na4 ≈ [VO(tpps)] > ([VO(tmpyp)](ClO4)4 > oxovanadium(IV) sulphate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document