scholarly journals MACROPHAGE-DIGESTED ANTIGEN AS INDUCER OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot N. Pearson ◽  
Sidney Raffel
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes

Sheep erythrocytes ingested by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages in vitro, and permitted to undergo digestion for various periods, were found after some hours to lose the capacity to induce antibodies while gaining the ability to invoke delayed hypersensitivity. These observations may be related to the known predilection of small molecular immunogens to act as good inducers of delayed reactivity and poor stimulators of antibody. They may be related also to the activity of mycobacterial adjuvant as a vehicle for the induction of delayed hypersensitivity on the basis that this melange activates macrophages to phagocytose and enzymatically degrade macromolecular antigens rapidly. The thesis that small fragments of antigenic molecules may preferentially invoke hypersensitivity can be interpreted on the basis of current concepts of multicellular involvements in immune responses.

scholarly journals Immunostimulatory Effects of Recombinant Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Expressing Porcine Interleukin-18 in Mice and Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohsuke Ogawa ◽  
Yu Minagawa ◽  
Fang Shi ◽  
Masahiro Eguchi ◽  
Yoshihiro Muneta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Murine Splenocytes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Immunostimulatory Effect ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Acquired Immune Responses

ABSTRACTInterleukin-18 (IL-18), which was originally called gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-inducing factor, has been shown to play an important role in innate and acquired immune responses. In this study, attenuatedErysipelothrix rhusiopathiaestrains were engineered to produce porcine IL-18 (poIL-18) and evaluated for their potential immunostimulatory effect in animals. Recombinant poIL-18 was successfully expressed in the recombinantE. rhusiopathiaestrains YS-1/IL-18 and KO/IL-18. The culture supernatant of YS-1/IL-18 was confirmed to induce IFN-γ production in murine splenocytesin vitro, and this production was inhibited by incubation with anti-poIL-18 monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, more IFN-γ production was induced upon stimulation of splenocytes with concanavalin A for splenocytes from mice that were intraperitoneally inoculated with YS-1/IL-18 than for splenocytes from control mice inoculated with the parent strain YS-1. Peritoneal macrophages from mice preinoculated with YS-1/IL-18 exhibited enhanced phagocytosis ofSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhimurium compared with peritoneal macrophages from control mice preinoculated with YS-1. We also confirmed the immunostimulatory effect on humoral immune responses against antigens ofE. rhusiopathiaeandMycoplasma hyopneumoniaein gnotobiotic pigs that were orally preinoculated with KO/IL-18. Thus, these results provide evidence thatE. rhusiopathiaeis a promising vector for the expression of host cytokines and suggest the potential utility ofE. rhusiopathiaevector-encoded cytokines in the activation of host innate and acquired immune responses.

scholarly journals THE SPECIFICITY OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Coe ◽  
S. B. Salvin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
The State ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Protein Carrier ◽  
Specific Contact ◽  
Tolerant Animal ◽  
Gastric Feeding

"Gastric feeding" of adult guinea pigs with dinitrochlorobenzene (DCB) resulted in a specific unresponsiveness to sensitization with the specific contact hapten. The more DCB gastric-fed to a guinea pig, the more complete the unresponsiveness to the hapten. When mycobacteria were incorporated into the sensitizing emulsion, the state of unresponsiveness to the dinitrophenyl (DNP) group was less apparent. When animals gastric-fed with DCB were later sensitized with an in vitro conjugate of the hapten combined with a heterologous protein such as dinitrophenyl-hen egg albumin (DNP·HEA), an immune response similar to that in the controls occurred both to the hapten and to the protein carrier. However, when the tolerant animals were sensitized with a conjugate containing a homologous protein carrier such as dinitrophenyl guinea pig serum (DNP·GPS), they showed diminished immune responses in comparison with those in the non-tolerant controls. The presence of circulating anti-DNP antibodies from sensitization with DNP-HEA did not affect the unresponsiveness to the specific contact hapten, regardless of whether these antibodies are present before or after induction of tolerance. Sensitization with picryl chloride (PiCl) (a cross-reacting hapten), either before or after gastric feeding of DCB, did not affect the state of unresponsiveness to DNP. Similarly when the DNP-tolerant animal was sensitized with PiCl, the subsequent immune response was similar to that in the controls; cross-reactions with the DNP group both in the contact and circulating antibody phase occurred at a rate similar to that in the controls. The foregoing relationships can be explained by presuming that, upon the gastric feeding of DCB, an in vivo conjugate is formed with a somatic protein, which determines the basic specificity of the tolerance. Acquired tolerance seems to manifest an immunologic specificity similar to that of delayed hypersensitivity, a relationship not unexpected if delayed hypersensitivity is an early phase of the immune response.

scholarly journals CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF MICE

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Shearer ◽  
G. Cudkowicz ◽  
R. L. Priore
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Focal Area ◽  
Marrow Cells

Thymocytes and marrow cells of unprimed donor mice were mixed in vitro and transplanted into X-irradiated syngeneic mice. 18 hr later, sheep erythrocytes were injected to induce immune responses. Splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) secreting IgM (direct PFC) or IgG (indirect PFC) hemolytic antibody were enumerated at the time of peak responses. By transplanting graded and limiting numbers of thymocytes with 4 x 107 marrow cells, inocula were found which contained one or a few thymic antigen-reactive cells (ARC) reaching the recipient spleens, interacting with marrow cells, and inducing PFC formation. The frequency values of ARC inferred from direct and indirect plaque assays were very similar, 1 in ∼107 thymocytes. Furthermore, statistical analysis indicated that the formation of direct PFC was not independent of the formation of indirect PFC. This was interpreted to mean that ARC were not specialized themselves and did not determine the molecular class of antibody to be secreted after interaction with marrow cells. Spleens of thymus-marrow grafted mice containing one or two ARC and non-limiting numbers of marrow precursors of PFC (P-PFC), had direct and indirect PFC clustered in several focal areas. Assuming that each focal area represented the progeny of one P-PFC that had interacted with ARC, these results confirmed the statistical evidence for lack of class differentiation in thymic ARC, and also indicated that each ARC or its progeny cells interacted with more than one P-PFC of either class.

In vitro killing of tumor cells by soluble products of activated guinea pig peritoneal macrophages

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somesh D. Sharma ◽  
Willy F. Piessens ◽  
Gardner Middlebrook
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages

scholarly journals Infectivity of amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tecia Ulisses de Carvalho ◽  
Wanderley de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Pig Serum

The infectivity amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, isolated from the supernatant of the J774G8 macrophage-like cell line infected with trypomastigotes to normal macrophages in vitro was tested. After a period of 1 h of T. cruzi-macrophage interaction about 2% of the mouse peritoneal macrophages had ingested amastigotes. In contrast 12% of the macrophages had ingested epimastigotes. Treatment of the amastigotes with trypsin did not interfere with their ingestion by macrophages. Once inside the macrophages the amastigotes divided and after some days transformed into trypomastigotes. When i.p. inoculated into mice the amastigotes were highly infective, inducing high levels of parasitaemia and tissue parasitism. As previously described for trypomastigotes, amastigotes were not lysed when incubated in the presence of fresh guinea-pig serum. Contrasting with what has been described for trypomastigotes, the resistance of amastigotes to complement-mediated lysis persisted after treatment with trypsin.

scholarly journals CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF MICE

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cudkowicz ◽  
G. M. Shearer ◽  
R. L. Priore
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Poisson Statistics ◽  
Antibody Class ◽  
Marrow Cells

Marrow cells and thymocytes of unprimed donor mice were mixed in vitro and transplanted into X-irradiated syngeneic hosts. 18 hr later sheep erythrocytes were injected to induce immune responses. Splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) secreting IgM (direct PFC) or IgG (indirect PFC) hemolytic antibody were enumerated at the time of peak responses. By transplanting graded and limiting numbers of marrow cells with 5 x 107 thymocytes, inocula were found that contained few precursors of PFC (P-PFC) reaching the recipient spleens, interacting with thymocytes, and generating PFC. However, the frequency of responses in relation to the number of grafted marrow cells did not follow Poisson statistics, presumably because the interaction of marrow cells with thymocytes was more complex than a single or a one-to-one cell event. The frequency of direct PFC responses was greater than that of indirect PFC responses in 13 of 15 groups of mice tested. This was interpreted as evidence for the existence of two classes of P-PFC, each of which was restricted to generate either direct or indirect PFC. The precursors of direct PFC were ∼ 15 times more frequent than those of indirect PFC. Since thymic antigen-reactive cells were not differentiated for antibody class, it follows that antigen-sensitive units reactive to sheep erythrocytes owe their class restriction to specialized marrow cells. Specialization of P-PFC may have arisen within marrow cell lines by differentiation, or may have been conferred upon P-PFC by interaction with other cells, including those of the irradiated host.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document