scholarly journals IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOANTIGENS (ALLOTYPES) IN THE MOUSE

1965 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Herzenberg ◽  
Noel L. Warner ◽  
Leonore A. Herzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Chromosome Markers ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Sensitive Method

Eight antigens of 7S γ2-immunoglobulins controlled by alleles at a single locus Ig-1, have been identified in mice. This locus has previously been shown to determine antigenic specificities on the F fragments of 7S γ2a-globulins. The reactions of these antigens with various isoantisera have shown that the antigens all cross react with one another. New methods for the analysis of antigenic specificities of soluble proteins are presented in detail. A sensitive method for detecting in the order of 0.01 µg of these isoantigens has been developed, based on the quantitative inhibition of precipitation of I125-labeled antigen. Cross-reactions of the antigens were analysed in inhibition assays and the data is compatible with the existence of a minimum of eight antigenic specificities. Each of the antigens is composed of different combinations of these specificities, with only one antigen having a specificity not present in any other. Sixty-eight mouse strains have been tested with specific isoantisera, and on the basis of the results, have been placed into the eight allele groups. Evidence for close genetic linkage of the Ig-1 locus and 11 chromosome markers has been sought and not found.

scholarly journals Data on genetic linkage of oxidative stress with cardiometabolic traits in an intercross derived from hyperlipidemic mouse strains

Data in Brief ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 105165
Author(s):  
Daniela T. Fuller ◽  
Andrew T. Grainger ◽  
Ani Manichaikul ◽  
Weibin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cardiometabolic Traits

scholarly journals Sharing of Ia antigens between species. I. Detection of Ia specificities shared by rats and mice.

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
D H Sachs ◽  
G W Humphrey ◽  
J K Lunney
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Ia Antigens ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Rats And Mice

A mouse anti-rat xenogeneic antiserum, B10.D2 anti-BN, has been found to react with a subpopulation of lymphoid cells of certain mouse strains. The corresponding alloantiserum, B10.D2 anti-B10.BR, reacted in analogous fashion with lymphoid cells of BN rats. In the case of the cross-reaction on mouse cells, mapping studies indicated that at least part of the reactivity was with the product of gene(s) determined by the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex. Chemical isolation studies with radiolabeled cell surface preparations indicated that the antigens detected in both mouse and rat had mol wt characteristic of Ia antigens (35,000 and 28,000 dalton molecules). Testing of fractionated spleen cell populations revealed that the cross-reactive antigens were expressed predominatly on B cells, but that a subpopulation of T cells were also reactive. Wider strain and species distribution studies are in progress to determine the extent of such Ia cross-reactions between species and to further assess the practical and theoretical importance of such cross-reactions.

scholarly journals Making the most of potential: potential games and genotypic convergence

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 210309
Author(s):  
Omer Edhan ◽  
Ziv Hellman ◽  
Ilan Nehama
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Convergence Rates ◽  
Exponential Convergence ◽  
Basins Of Attraction ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Potential Game ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Varying Environments

We consider genotypic convergence of populations and show that under fixed fitness asexual and haploid sexual populations attain monomorphic convergence (even under genetic linkage between loci) to basins of attraction with locally exponential convergence rates; the same convergence obtains in single locus diploid sexual reproduction but to polymorphic populations. Furthermore, we show that there is a unified theory underlying these convergences: all of them can be interpreted as instantiations of players in a potential game implementing a multiplicative weights updating algorithm to converge to equilibrium, making use of the Baum–Eagon Theorem. To analyse varying environments, we introduce the concept of ‘virtual convergence’, under which, even if fixation is not attained, the population nevertheless achieves the fitness growth rate it would have had under convergence to an optimal genotype. Virtual convergence is attained by asexual, haploid sexual and multi-locus diploid reproducing populations, even if environments vary arbitrarily. We also study conditions for true monomorphic convergence in asexually reproducing populations in varying environments.

scholarly journals Genetic linkage of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in an intercross between BALB/cJ and SM/J Apoe-deficient mouse strains

BMC Genetics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Andrew T. Grainger ◽  
Ani Manichaikul ◽  
Emily Farber ◽  
Suna Onengut-Gumuscu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Deficient Mouse ◽  
Apoe Deficient Mouse

scholarly journals T-lymphocyte-enriched murine peritoneal exudate cells. IV. Genetic control of cross-stimulation at the T-cell level.

1977 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Schwartz ◽  
C L Horton ◽  
W E Paul
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Peritoneal Exudate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Branched Chain

Antibodies raised against many structurally related antigens have been shown to cross-react extensively. Manifestations of T-cell immunity, on the other hand, appear to be more restricted in their ability to be elicited by cross-reacting antigens, although examples have been reported. This paper explores the nature of the cross-reactions at the T-cell level among the branched-chain copolymers (T,G)-A--L, (phi,G)-A--L, (H,G)-A--L, and G-A--L, as well as a related linear terpolymer, GAT, in a variety of mouse strains using the peritoneal exudate T-lymphocyte-enriched cells (PETLES) proliferation assay. (T,G)-A--L, (phi,G)-A--L, and GAT could cross-stimulate cells immune to the other two antigens, whereas (H,G)-A--L, (T,G)-Pro--L, and G-A--L showed no cross-stimulations. The extent of the cross-reactions varied with the mouse strain and was shown to be under the control of immune response genes. It was necessary for the strain to be able to respond to both the immunogen and the cross-reacting antigen, when used as an immunogen, in order for cross-stimulation to occur; however, this was not always sufficient. Several examples of unequal or one-way cross-reactions were found. In addition, the immune responses to (H,G)-A--L and (phi,G)-A--L showed no cross-reactions with the other antigen even though their Ir genes were both mapped to the K region or I-A subregion. The problem of accounting for such fine specificity of T-cell recognition in lieu of the genetic evidence demonstrating only Ir gene control of the response is discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of three methods for grouping streptococci

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
W Hryniewicz ◽  
P B Heczko ◽  
R Lütticken ◽  
L W Wannamaker
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Agglutination Method ◽  
Group B

Two new methods for serological grouping of beta-hemolytic streptococci, the nitrous acid extraction procedure of El Kholy et al. and the slide agglutination method of Christensen et al., were compared with the Lancefield hot-hydrochloric acid extraction method in classifying 92 strains of groups A, B, C, and G. The nitrous acid extraction method was easily performed, specific, and sensitive when highly potent antisera were used. For the Christensen method these highly potent antisera had to be diluted to avoid cross-reactions between groups A and C and groups B and G, respectively. A few strains, most of them group B, could not be grouped by the latter method. Using these three grouping methods, two sets of commercial sera were compared with the more potent sera supplied by R. C. Lancefield. The low antibody content of these commercial sera, especially anti-group B and G sera, contributed to the inferior results obtained in some of the grouping reactions.

Why are there species?

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-82
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Complex Models

This chapter continues the discussion of evolutionary methods of species delimitation by exploring how multilocus methods can be used to delimit reproductively isolated groups, and how genetic and trait data can be used in concert to delimit groups that experience divergent selection. These methods provide a way to evaluate the different mechanisms leading to cohesion within species and divergence between them. Multilocus data are scarcer at present than single-locus data discussed in chapter 3, and more work is needed to test alternative hypotheses for the pattern of reproductive isolation—does it generally fall into discrete units or are there broader or gradually declining rates of gene exchange? Divergent selection is less commonly used as a metric for delimiting species, and possible new methods are introduced. Possible uses of whole-genome data are discussed for combining these approaches and testing whether reproductive isolation and divergent selection tend to overlap to generate species or whether more complex models of diversity are required.

scholarly journals Evolutionarily conserved clusters of colon with lung cancer susceptibility loci, linked with most DUSP phosphatase genes, may help to dissect mechanisms of cancer susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Quan ◽  
Miranda L. Lynch ◽  
Peter Demant
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Congenic Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Susceptibility Loci ◽  
Dual Specificity ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Congenic Mouse Strains ◽  
Lung Cancer Susceptibility

We show evolutionarily conserved pairwise genetic linkage and clustering of majority of colon and lung cancer susceptibility QTLs in mice, rats and humans. The patterns of susceptibility or resistance to these two cancers in recombinant congenic mouse strains were concordant and the responsible susceptibility loci closely linked, in spite of completely different carcinogens and protocols used for induction of the two tumors. Most DUSP (Dual specificity phosphatase) genes are linked to these clusters. These data suggest that an important part of colon and lung cancer susceptibility is controlled by related and evolutionarily conserved processes.

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