scholarly journals THE NORMAL FINE STRUCTURE OF OPOSSUM TESTICULAR INTERSTITIAL CELLS

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kent Christensen ◽  
Don W. Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Evidence ◽  
Testicular Interstitial Cells ◽  
Irregular Cell

The interstitial tissue of the opossum testis includes interstitial or Leydig cells, macrophages, and small cells which morphologically resemble mesenchymal cells. The latter are thought to give rise to mature interstitial cells. The most prominent feature of the interstitial cell cytoplasm is an exceedingly abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum. This reticulum is generally in the form of a meshwork of interconnected tubules about 300 to 450 A in diameter, but occasionally it assumes the form of flattened, fenestrated cisternae resembling those of pancreatic acinar cells, except for the lack of ribonucleoprotein particles on the surface of the membranes. The interstitial cells vary considerably in their cytoplasmic density. The majority are quite light, but some appear extremely dense, and in addition usually have a more irregular cell surface, with numerous small pseudopodia. These differences may well reflect variations in physiological state. Cytoplasmic structures previously interpreted as "crystalloids" consist of long bundles of minute parallel tubules, each about 180 A in diameter, which seem to be local differentiations of the endoplasmic reticulum. The mitochondria are rod-shaped, and contain a moderately complex internal membrane structure, and also occasional large inclusions that are spherical and homogeneous. The prominent juxtanuclear Golgi complex contains closely packed flattened sacs and small vesicles. The results of the present study, coupled with biochemical evidence from other laboratories, make it seem highly probable that the agranular endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of the steroid hormones produced by the interstitial cell. This finding therefore constitutes one of the first functions of the agranular reticulum for which there is good morphological and biochemical evidence.

scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF TESTICULAR INTERSTITIAL CELLS IN GUINEA PIGS

1965 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kent Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Lipofuscin Pigment ◽  
Testicular Interstitial Cells ◽  
Peripheral Areas

In guinea pig testes perfused with either glutaraldehyde or osmium tetroxide fixative, the cytoplasm of the interstitial cells contains an exceptionally abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum. The reticulum in central regions of the cell is a network of interconnected tubules, but in extensive peripheral areas the reticulum is commonly organized into closely packed, flattened cisternae which are fenestrated. Occasional small patches of the granular reticulum occur in the cytoplasm and connect freely with the agranular reticulum. The mitochondria have a dense matrix and contain cristae and some tubules. The Golgi complex is disperse and shows no evidence of secretory material. The cytoplasm also contains lipid droplets. Lipofuscin pigment granules are probably polymorphic residual bodies and contain three components: (1) a dense material which at high magnification shows a 75-A periodicity; (2) a medium-sized lipid droplet; and (3) a cap-like structure. In glutaraldehyde-perfused testis the interstitial cell cytoplasm appears to have the same density from cell to cell, and the agranular reticulum is tubular or cisternal but not in the form of empty vesicles. Thus the "dark" and "light" cells and the vesicular agranular reticulum sometimes encountered in other fixations may be artifacts. Biochemical results from other laboratories, correlated with the present findings, indicate that the membranes of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum in guinea pig interstitial cells are the site of at least two enzymes of androgen biosynthesis, the 17-hydroxylase and the 17-desmolase.

Comparison of LH stimulated testosterone release from Mongolian gerbil and mouse whole testes and isolated interstitial cells in vitro: difference in response and sensitivity

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodo Probst
Keyword(s):  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
Testicular Interstitial Cells ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract. The in vitro steroidogenic response of gerbil and mouse whole testes and isolated testicular interstitial cells to stimulation with gonadotrophic hormones was compared. The testosterone release during incubation in vitro with LH/FSH was measured radioimmunologically. In whole testes incubation, basal testosterone release after 4 h was significantly lower in gerbil as compared to mouse testes, but the testosterone release on maximal LH-stimulation was not significantly different. The increment in the testosterone production from basal to stimulated levels was greater in gerbil, the production per gram testis was greater in mouse testes. Mechanically dispersed interstitial cell preparations from gerbil and mouse released comparable amounts of testosterone during in vitro incubation. The lowest effective standard-concentration was 1.1 μIU LH/vial in gerbil and 35.9 μIU LH/vial in mouse interstitial cell incubations. Half-maximum testosterone release (ED50) occurred at 8–15 μU LH/vial for gerbil and 86–200 μIU LH/vial (ranges) for mouse interstitial cells. The difference in sensitivity to LH stimulation of gerbil and mouse interstitial cells is approximately 13-fold, allowing the application of the gerbil interstitial cell assay to studies dealing with very small samples or little bioactive LH-concentrations.

OBSERVATIONS ON CADMIUM DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN RAT TESTES AND THE EFFECTS ON THE PITUITARY GONADOTROPHS

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ALLANSON ◽  
R. DEANESLY
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Single Subcutaneous Injection

SUMMARY Cadmium chloride, in a single subcutaneous injection, can destroy spermatogenic and interstitial cells in the rat testis (Pařízek, 1957) and produce changes in the pituitary. The interstitial tissue is restored by ingrowths from the tunica and full androgen secretion returns before there is any regeneration of germinal epithelium. A cytological study has been made of the peripheral and central pituitary gonadotrophs; the latter revert almost to normal as the interstitial tissue regenerates, whereas the former retain characteristic castration features, unless there is also regeneration of the germinal epithelium. This seems to indicate that in the normal testis there is a hormone contribution from the seminiferous tubules as well as from the interstitial cells. The long-term effects of cadmium on the testis depend on the dose. Early stages of tubule restoration have been studied, but after administration of 0·9 mg., actual proliferation of the germinal epithelium was rarely found—only in four out of twenty rats, 113 or 142 days after injection.

Caractérisation ultrastructurale d'une résistance induite par un éliciteur d'origine fongique, chez un cultivar sensible de Piment

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Coulomb ◽  
P. J. Coulomb ◽  
I. Saimmaime ◽  
Y. Lizzi ◽  
C. Polian
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Lytic Function ◽  
Wall Appositions

Elicitation of a sensitive sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivar roots by immersion in the culture medium of Trichoderma album induces resistance in leaves infected by Phytophthora capsici. In infected tissues, host cells are intact and develop wall formations that look like typical wall appositions, but differ from them by the presence of a substance of cytoplasmic origin, which is phagocytized and degraded, conferring a lytic function and unusual dynamics to these structures. The involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxysomes in eventual detoxification processes is discussed. The resistance induced by this elicitor seems to be programmed by the establishment of a reactive physiological state, which produces the defense response.

Interstitial cells of Cajal and telocytes in the gut: twins, related or simply neighbor cells?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Giuliana Vannucchi ◽  
Chiara Traini
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Local Response ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Pace Maker ◽  
Unique Cell ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

AbstractIn the interstitium of the connective tissue several types of cells occur. The fibroblasts, responsible for matrix formation, the mast cells, involved in local response to inflammatory stimuli, resident macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes, all engaged in immunity responses. Recently, another type of interstitial cell, found in all organs so far examined, has been added to the previous ones, the telocytes (TC). In the gut, in addition to the cells listed above, there are also the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), a peculiar type of cell exclusively detected in the alimentary tract with multiple functions including pace-maker activity. The possibility that TC and ICC could correspond to a unique cell type, where the former would represent an ICC variant outside the gut, was initially considered, however, further studies have clearly shown that ICC and TC are two distinct types of cells. In the gut, while the features and the roles of the ICC are established, part of the scientific community is still disputing these ‘new’ interstitial cells to which several names such as fibroblast-like cells (FLCs), interstitial Cajal-like cells or, most recently, PDGFRα+ cells have been attributed. This review will detail the main features and roles of the TC and ICC with the aim to establish their relationships and hopefully define the identity of the TC in the gut.

Tentacular and oral-disc regeneration in the sea anemone, Aiptasia diaphana

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-270
Author(s):  
Irwin I. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Cellular Division ◽  
Disc Regeneration

Autoradiography with [3H]thymidine and electron microscopy were used to determine (a) the patterns of cellular division exhibited by intact anemones, (b) if measurable increases in cellular proliferation accompany oral-disc regeneration, (c) whether interstitial cells are present in Aiptasia, and (d) if these cells could be responsible for the latter proliferative patterns. An oral-aboral gradient in cellular proliferation was exhibited by the epidermis of uncut anemones, with the highest levels in the tentacles. Wound healing did not require cell proliferation and did not immediately stimulatecellular division which was associated with subsequent morphogenetic events. Indices of presumptive oral-disc [3H]thymidine uptake into nuclei increased tenfold with the outgrowth of the new tentacles. This increase occurred in the epidermis, while only small amounts of gastrodermal proliferation were detected. It is hypothesized that the epidermis contributes new cells to the expanding gastrodermis during tentacle budding. Most of the [3H]thymidine-labeled nuclei were localized in the basal portions of the epidermis of intact anemones and 1- to 2-day-old regenerates; very few gastrodermal nuclei accumulated the label. Nests of interstitial cells and transforming interstitial cells were localized in the exact epidermal regions where nuclear labeling took place, suggesting that the proliferative patterns of intact and regenerating Aiptasia are a function of their interstitial cell distribution.

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