scholarly journals ANTIGENS IN EGGS AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF THE SEA URCHIN

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Couffer-Kaltenbach ◽  
Peter Perlmann
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Serial Dilution ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Migration Rates

A number of antigens in unfertilized eggs and embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were characterized with respect to both immunological and physicochemical properties. Experiments involved single diffusion in agar (Oudin technique) combined with mutual dilution, serial dilution, and heating of antigenic extracts, as well as immunoelectrophoresis with normal and heated extracts and agar electrophoresis followed by staining of the antigenic spots with protein specific dyes. The gradual transition in migration rates of bands of precipitates in Oudin tubes following mutual dilution of either extracts or antisera allowed the identification of 6 immunologically identical antigens in eggs and embryonic stages. Similarities with respect to diffusion coefficients, sensitivity to heat, electrophoretic mobility, and reaction to protein specific dyes indicated that the antigens in extracts of eggs and various developmental stages also had certain physicochemical properties in common. Such knowledge is of importance for an understanding of antigenic changes occurring during ontogenesis.

scholarly journals ANTIGENS IN EGGS AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF THE SEA URCHIN

1964 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Perlmann ◽  
Jane Couffer-Kaltenbach
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Preparative Scale ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Cell Fractions ◽  
Isolated Cell

Homogenates of fertilized eggs of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were fractionated by differential centrifugation. In addition, whole eggs were fragmented, on a preparative scale, by centrifugation in sea water-sucrose gradients. The fractions and fragments were subsequently assayed for their content of soluble protein antigens described in an earlier publication. Relative concentrations of antigen present in quantitatively isolated cell fractions were estimated by graded antiserum absorption in combination with agar-diffusion technique. Two of six antigens were found to be associated mainly with the low speed sediments. Treatment of the various sediments with hypotonic medium and results obtained with fragmented eggs suggested that these two antigens and possibly a third were probably located in the yolk granules. The other antigens were more evenly distributed among the low speed sediments and the non-sedimented part of the cytoplasm. Only one of the antigens was consistently associated with the microsomal fraction.

Swimming speed alteration in the early developmental stages of Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin as ecotoxicological endpoint

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Morgana ◽  
Chiara Gambardella ◽  
Carla Falugi ◽  
Roberto Pronzato ◽  
Francesca Garaventa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Developmental

scholarly journals An open reading frame in intron seven of the sea urchin DNA-methyltransferase gene codes for a functional AP1 endonuclease

2002 ◽  
Vol 365 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Valentina CIOFFI ◽  
Diana FERRARA ◽  
Maria Vittoria CUBELLIS ◽  
Francesco ANIELLO ◽  
Marcella CORRADO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Reading Frame

Analysis of the genome structure of the Paracentrotus lividus (sea urchin) DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase) gene showed the presence of an open reading frame, named METEX, in intron 7 of the gene. METEX expression is developmentally regulated, showing no correlation with DNA MTase expression. In fact, DNA MTase transcripts are present at high concentrations in the early developmental stages, while METEX is expressed at late stages of development. Two METEX cDNA clones (Met1 and Met2) that are different in the 3′ end have been isolated in a cDNA library screening. The putative translated protein from Met2 cDNA clone showed similarity with Escherichia coli endonuclease III on the basis of sequence and predictive three-dimensional structure. The protein, overexpressed in E. coli and purified, had functional properties similar to the endonuclease specific for apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites on the basis of the lyase activity. Therefore the open reading frame, present in intron 7 of the P. lividus DNA MTase gene, codes for a functional AP endonuclease designated SuAP1.

Further studies of the effects of deprivation of sulfate on the early development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Development ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-305
Author(s):  
J. Immers ◽  
J. Runnström
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
And Function ◽  
Early Developmental

The morphological effects of sulfate-free medium on sea urchin embryos were described in detail by Herbst (1904). Further studies were carried out by Lindahl (1936, 1942). He was the first to consider metabolic aspects of the rôle of sulfate in the development of the sea urchin. Immers (1956, 1959, 1961a and b, 1962) studied the distribution and function of acid mucopolysaccharides in early developmental stages of sea urchins, mainly Paracentrotus lividus. A dominant group of these acid polysaccharides are sulfated. Their location in the blastocoel, in the hyaline layer and in the lumen of the intestine could be demonstrated by staining of sectioned specimens with the ferri-acetic reagent of Hale (1946). In blastulae or gastrulae raised in sulfate-free sea water these regions are negative with respect to Hale staining (Immers, 1961b). On the other hand, the ectodermal nuclei of the animal region of the embryos are stained with the Hale reagent although the nuclei of the vegetal region remained unstained (1.c.).

scholarly journals Sunscreen products impair the early developmental stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Corinaldesi ◽  
Elisabetta Damiani ◽  
Francesca Marcellini ◽  
Carla Falugi ◽  
Luca Tiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Sunscreen Products

Studies on the Degradation of Human Fibrinogen by Plasmin and Trypsin

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 526-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A Beck ◽  
D. P Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Ph Stat ◽  
Rapid Appearance

SummaryThe effects of trypsin and plasmin on the functional and physicochemical properties of purified human fibrinogen were observed at various stages of proteolysis. Concentrations of plasmin and trypsin that produced fibrinogenolysis at comparable rates as measured in a pH stat produced, at similar rates, loss of precipitability of fibrinogen by heat and ammonium sulphate and alterations in electrophoretic mobility on starch gel. Trypsin produced a more rapid loss of clottability of fibrinogen and a more rapid appearance of inhibitors of the thrombin-fibrinogen clotting system than did plasmin. Consistent differences were noted between the effects of trypsin and plasmin on the immunoelectrophoretic properties of fibrinogen during the early stages of proteolysis.These results are consistent with the hypothesis that trypsin initially reacts with the same peptide bonds of fibrinogen that are split by thrombin, but these same bonds do not appear to be split initially by plasmin. Measurement of the various functional and physico-chemical changes produced by the action of trypsin and plasmin on fibrinogen can be used to recognize various stages of proteolysis.

scholarly journals Effects of Glyphosate-Based and Derived Products on Sea Urchin Larval Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Davide Asnicar ◽  
Costanza Cappelli ◽  
Ahmad Safuan Sallehuddin ◽  
Nur Atiqah Maznan ◽  
Maria Gabriella Marin
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Main Degradation Product ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Despite the widespread use of herbicide glyphosate in cultivation, its extensive runoff into rivers and to coastal areas, and the persistence of this chemical and its main degradation product (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) in the environment, there is still little information on the potential negative effects of glyphosate, its commercial formulation Roundup® and AMPA on marine species. This study was conducted with the aim of providing a comparative evaluation of the effects of glyphosate-based and its derived chemicals on the larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, thus providing new data to describe the potential ecotoxicity of these contaminants. In particular, the effects on larval development, growth and metabolism were assessed during 48 h of exposure from the time of egg fertilization. The results confirm that AMPA and its parent compound, glyphosate have similar toxicity, as observed in other marine invertebrates. However, interestingly, the Roundup® formulation seemed to be less toxic than the glyphosate alone.

scholarly journals Biometric characteristics of the wild population of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) on the Tunisian coast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sellem ◽  
B. Bouhaouala-Zahar
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Tunisian Coast ◽  
Population Discrimination ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Negative Growth

AbstractThe present study was conducted to provide biometric data of the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus along the Tunisian coastline where thirteen marine localities were selected randomly. A total of 653 individuals were collected and their metric and weight measurements were recorded. The size distribution of the different samples was determined and relative growth expressions were deduced. Data analysis showed that all localities’ samples of the wild population were dominated by one-size class, except Port Prince and Haouaria. Interestingly, only diameter-height relationships (D-H) were different between the geographical localities. Diameter-weight relationships (D-TW and D-TWTE) revealed a significant negative growth for all the localities, with the exception of Gammarth which showed positive growth for total weight (D-TW). Moreover, the multivariable analysis revealed divergences and/or similarities between metric and weight variables. Altogether, data highlights the inter-population discrimination with respect to geographic localization and clear segregation between the northern and the eastern localities demonstrated the plasticity of the species.

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