scholarly journals Structural basis of motility in the microtubular axostyle: implications for cytoplasmic microtubule structure and function.

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
D T Woodrum ◽  
R W Linck
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubule ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
And Function ◽  
Specific Array ◽  
Microtubule Function ◽  
Microtubule Structure

The gross morphology of the protozoan microtubule axostyle of Saccinobaculus ambloaxostylus can now be described in macromolecular detail. The left-handed coil of the axostyle is seen to be dependent upon the asymmetry inherent in the constituent microtubules as expressed by the specific array of linkages between microtubules and by a possible tendency for microtubules to coil into left-handed helices. The laminated sheets of microtubules are not aligned parallel to the long axis of the organelle, but become increasingly tilted off-axis as one descends through the sheets of microtubules from the convex to the concave surface of the axostyle. Fine-structural analysis of the axostyle indicates similarities of the linkages to dynein. The potential loci of the force-generating protein(s) are discussed as well as implications of the axostyle's structure on general microtubule function.

Microtubule mutants

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berl R. Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Force Production ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Cellular Event ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
And Function ◽  
Microtubule Function ◽  
Microtubule Structure ◽  
Β Tubulin

Genetics has become an important tool for studying microtubule structure and function. Mutations in genes that encode microtubule proteins have been isolated in several, evolutionarily diverse organisms. These mutations have been, and will increasingly be, of great value in determining which cellular events are microtubule mediated, in determining which genes encode the microtubule proteins involved in a particular cellular event, and in determining the mechanisms of resistance to anti-microtubule drugs. These mutants also have great potential, which is just beginning to be realized, for identifying proteins other than α- and β-tubulin that are essential to microtubule function and for determining the mechanisms of microtubule-based force production in mitosis and organellar movement.

scholarly journals Understanding the impacts of self-shuffling approach on structure and function of shuffled endoglucanase enzyme via MD simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslı Yenenler ◽  
Umut Gerlevik ◽  
Ugur Sezerman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Salt Bridge ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Intramolecular Interactions ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
And Function

AbstractObjectiveWe identify the impacts of structural differences on functionality of EG3_S2 endoglucanase enzyme with MD studies. The results of previous experimental studies have been explained in details with computational approach. The objective of this study is to explain the functional differences between shuffled enzyme (EG3_S2) and its native counterpart (EG3_nat) from Trichoderma reseei, via Molecular Dynamics approach.Materials and methodsFor this purpose, we performed MD simulations along 30 ns at three different reaction temperatures collected as NpT ensemble, and then monitored the backbone motion, flexibilities of residues, and intramolecular interactions of EG3_S2 and EG3_nat enzymes.ResultsAccording to MD results, we conclude that EG3_S2 and EG3_nat enzymes have unique RMSD patterns, e.g. RMSD pattern of EG3_S2 is more dynamic than that of EG3_nat at all temperatures. In addition to this dynamicity, EG3_S2 establishes more salt bridge interactions than EG3_nat.ConclusionBy taking these results into an account with the preservation of catalytic Glu residues in a proper manner, we explain the structural basis of differences between shuffled and native enzyme via molecular dynamic studies.

Effect of breathing dry air on structure and function of airways

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Van Oostdam ◽  
D. C. Walker ◽  
K. Knudson ◽  
P. Dirks ◽  
R. W. Dahlby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
And Function ◽  
Breathing Room

We compared the effect of breathing dry air (0.70 mg H2O/l) with that of breathing room air (8.62 mg H2O/l) in guinea pigs anesthetized with urethane. The data showed that breathing dry air caused a reduction of extravascular water (EVW) in the trachea (P less than 0.01) but not the lung. Structural analysis showed that this water loss occurred from the loose connective tissue of the submucosa. Histamine dose response curves performed on the animals showed that breathing dry air caused an increase in the maximum response (delta max RL) (P less than 0.01) without changing either the dose required to produce 50% of the delta max RL or the ratio of delta max RL to this dose. We conclude that breathing dry air produces an acute reduction of EVW of the loose connective tissue of the airways and an increase in the maximum response to histamine.

scholarly journals Crab scars reveal survival advantage of left-handed snails

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P Dietl ◽  
Jonathan R Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Left Handedness ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Crab Predation

Biological asymmetries are important elements of the structure and function of many living organisms. Using the Plio–Pleistocene fossil record of crab predation on morphologically similar pairs of right- and left-handed snail species, we show here for the first time, contrary to traditional wisdom, that rare left-handed coiling promotes survival from attacks by right-handed crabs. This frequency-dependent result influences the balance of selection processes that maintain left-handedness at the species level and parallels some social interactions in human cultures, such as sports that involve dual contests between opponents of opposite handedness.

scholarly journals Structural Basis of Redox Signaling in Photosynthesis: Structure and Function of Ferredoxin:thioredoxin Reductase and Target Enzymes

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaodong Dai ◽  
Kenth Johansson ◽  
Myroslawa Miginiac-Maslow ◽  
Peter Schürmann ◽  
Hans Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Redox Signaling ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ferredoxin:Thioredoxin Reductase

A replicative and synthetic chromosomal unit-the modern concept of the chromomere

1966 ◽  
Vol 164 (995) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
And Function

present-day discussions on chromosomal structure and function the old term chromomere’ (Fol 1891) is seldom mentioned and it may be debated whether at is still desirable to use such a term. Conventionally it describes the bead-like concentrations of chromatin linearly arranged along the chromosomal thread, without implications as to the structural basis of such a discontinuity. Two alternative interpretations of the chromomeric organization of the chromosome have been suggested, one in which the chromomeres were regarded as definite chromosomal bodies, different from the interchromomeric regions of the chromosome, and one which considered the chromomeres as structures resulting only from the local coiling of a continuous chromosomal thread. Neither the chromomere hypothesis (Belling 1928; Bridges 1935; Pontecorvo 1944) nor the chromonema hypothesis (Ris 1945) has been finally and universally accepted. This is because the morphological and cytogenetical evidence previously available was insufficient to extend our knowledge of chromosomal structure down to the molecular level. New approaches in this direction have recently been made by the combined use of cytological, autoradiographic and photometric methods. They draw new attention to the chromomere.

scholarly journals Computational Modeling of Claudin Structure and Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Fuladi ◽  
Ridaka-Wal Jannat ◽  
Le Shen ◽  
Christopher R. Weber ◽  
Fatemeh Khalili-Araghi
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Function ◽  
Transport Of Ions ◽  
And Function

Tight junctions form a barrier to control passive transport of ions and small molecules across epithelia and endothelia. In addition to forming a barrier, some of claudins control transport properties of tight junctions by forming charge- and size-selective ion channels. It has been suggested claudin monomers can form or incorporate into tight junction strands to form channels. Resolving the crystallographic structure of several claudins in recent years has provided an opportunity to examine structural basis of claudins in tight junctions. Computational and theoretical modeling relying on atomic description of the pore have contributed significantly to our understanding of claudin pores and paracellular transport. In this paper, we review recent computational and mathematical modeling of claudin barrier function. We focus on dynamic modeling of global epithelial barrier function as a function of claudin pores and molecular dynamics studies of claudins leading to a functional model of claudin channels.

Computational identification of protein S-sulfenylation sites by incorporating the multiple sequence features information

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2545-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Dianjing Guo ◽  
Hiroyuki Kurata
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Sequence Features ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Computational Identification ◽  
And Function

Cysteine S-sulfenylation is a major type of posttranslational modification that contributes to protein structure and function regulation in many cellular processes.

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