scholarly journals An endothelial cell-derived growth factor.

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Gajdusek ◽  
P DiCorleto ◽  
R Ross ◽  
S M Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Free Plasma ◽  
Heat Instability

Cell-free plasma-derived serum (PDS) is deficient in the platelet-derived growth factor and will not support the growth of 3T3 cells, fibroblasts, or smooth muscle cells. However, when PDS-containing medium is preincubated with endothelial cells, the medium becomes modified so that it will support growth. The activity produced by the endothelial cells results from a polypeptide of 10,000 to 30,000 daltons which has several features that differ from those of the platelet-derived growth factor, including heat instability and lack of adsorption to CM Sephadex.

Release of Soluble Urokinase Receptor from Vascular Cells*

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (08) ◽  
pp. 686-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triantafyllos Chavakis ◽  
Antje Willuweit ◽  
Florea Lupu ◽  
Klaus Preissner ◽  
Sandip Kanse
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Urokinase Receptor ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator

SummaryUrokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its cell surface-receptor (uPAR) regulate cellular functions linked to adhesion and migration and contribute to pericellular proteolysis in tissue remodelling processes. Soluble uPAR (suPAR) is present in the circulation, peritoneal and ascitic fluid and in the cystic fluid from ovarian cancer. We have investigated the origin and the vascular distribution of the soluble receptor, which accounts for 10-20% of the total receptor in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Phase separation analysis of the cell conditioned media with Triton X-114 indicated that suPAR associates with the aqueous phase, indicative of the absence of the glycolipid anchor. There was a polarized release of suPAR from cultured endothelial cells towards the basolateral direction, whereas the membrane-bound receptor was found preferentially on the apical surface. Both, uPAR and suPAR became upregulated 2-4 fold after activation of protein kinase C with phorbol ester, which required de-novo protein biosynthesis. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor increased suPAR release from endothelial cells, whereas platelet derived growth factor-BB, bFGF or IL-1β stimulated suPAR release from vascular smooth muscle cells. Immune electron microscopy indicated that in atherosclerotic vessels (s)uPAR was observed on cell membranes as well as in the extracellular matrix. These findings indicate that (s)uPAR from vascular cells is upregulated by proangiogenic as well as proatherogenic growth factors and cytokines, is preferentially released towards the basolateral side of endothelial cells and accumulates in the vessel wall.*Part of this work was supported by grants (Pr 327/1-4) from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Bonn, Germany) and the Novartis-Foundation (Nürnberg, Germany). This work is part of the MD/PhD-thesis of T.C. at the Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany. Abbreviations: bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor, GPI: glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol, FCS: fetal calf serum, HUVEC: human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HVSMC: human vascular smooth muscle cells, IL-1β: interleukin-1β, mAb: monoclonal antibody, PBS: phosphate-buffered saline, PDGF-BB: platelet derived growth factor-BB, piPLC: phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, piPLD: phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D, PMA: phorbol myristate acetate, scuPA: single chain uPA, suPAR: soluble urokinase receptor, uPA: urokinase- type plasminogen activator, uPAR: urokinase receptor, VN: vitronectin

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