scholarly journals The mechanism of sensory transduction in a mechanoreceptor. Functional stages in campaniform sensilla during the molting cycle.

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 832-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
D T Moran ◽  
J C Rowley ◽  
S N Zill ◽  
F G Varela
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla ◽  
Molting Cycle ◽  
Campaniform Sensillum ◽  
Ultrastructural Modifications ◽  
Sensory Process ◽  
Stimulation Of

This paper describes the ultrastructural modifications that cockroach campaniform sensilla undergo at three major stages in the molting cycle and finds that the sensilla are physiological functional at all developmental stages leading to ecdysis. Late stage animals on the verge of ecdysis have two completely separate cuticles. The campaniform sensillum sends a 220-mum extension of the sensory process through a hole in its cap in the new (inner) cuticle across a fluid-filled molting space to its functional insertion in the cap in the old (outer) cuticle. Mechanical stimulation of the old cap excites the sensillum. The ultrastructural geometry of late stage sensilla, coupled with the observation they are physiolgically functional, supports the hypotheses (a) that sensory transduction occurs at the tip of the sensory process, and (b) that cap identation causes the cap cuticle to pinch the tip of the sensory process, thereby stimulating the sensillum.

scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF COCKROACH CAMPANIFORM SENSILLA

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Moran ◽  
Kent M. Chapman ◽  
Richard A. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Model System ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla ◽  
Electrophysiological Investigation ◽  
Bipolar Neuron ◽  
Mechanoelectric Transduction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intracellular Microelectrodes ◽  
Sensory Process

Campaniform sensilla on cockroach legs provide a good model system for the study of mechanoreceptive sensory transduction. This paper describes the structure of campaniform sensilla on the cockroach tibia as revealed by light- and electron-microscopy. Campaniform sensilla are proprioceptive mechanoreceptors associated with the exoskeleton. The function of each sensillum centers around a single primary sense cell, a large bipolar neuron whose 40 µ-wide cell body is available for electrophysiological investigation with intracellular microelectrodes. Its axon travels to the central nervous system; its dendrite gives rise to a modified cilium which is associated with the cuticle. The tip of the 20 µ-long dendrite contains a basal body, from which arises a 9 + 0 connecting cilium. This cilium passes through a canal in the cuticle, and expands in diameter to become the sensory process, a membrane-limited bundle of 350–1000 parallel microtubules. The tip of the sensory process is firmly attached to a thin cap of exocuticle; mechanical depression of this cap, which probably occurs during walking movements, effectively stimulates the sensillum. The hypothesis is presented that the microtubules of the sensory process play an important role in mechanoelectric transduction in cockroach campaniform sensilla.

The Exoskeleton and Insect Proprioception: II. Reflex Effects of Tibial Campaniform Sensilla in the American Cockroach, Periplaneta Americana

1981 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
SASHA N. ZILL ◽  
DAVID T. MORAN ◽  
FRANCISCO G. VARELA
Keyword(s):  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Opposite Sign ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Campaniform Sensillum ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Mechanical stimulation of individual tibial campaniform sensilla produces specific reflex effects upon motoneurones to leg muscles. 2. The reflex effects of a campaniform sensillum depend upon the orientation of its cuticular cap. The proximal sensilla, oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia, excite slow motoneurones to the extensor tibiae and extensor trochanteris muscles and inhibit slow motoneurones to the flexor tibiae and flexor trochanteris muscles. The distal sensilla, oriented parallel to the tibia, exhibit reflexes of opposite sign, inhibiting the extensors and exciting the flexors. 3. These reflexes constitute a negative feedback system. Individual sensilla specifically excite motoneurones which innervate muscles whose resultant tensions decrease the firing of those sensilla. 4. It is postulated that individual campaniform sensilla can detect loading of the leg in various postures and can excite appropriate motoneurones in compensation. These receptors can also detect strains caused by large, resisted contractions of the antagonist muscles and inhibit the corresponding motoneurones.

Mechanical stimulation of human BON cells: Gαq involvement in 5-HT release

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A83-A83
Author(s):  
M KIM ◽  
N JAVED ◽  
F CHRISTOFI ◽  
H COOKE
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Bon Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

Use of Flexible Materials with a Novel Pressure Driven Equibiaxial Cell Stretching Device for Mechanical Stimulation of Single Mammalian Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Kubicek ◽  
Stephanie Brelsford ◽  
Philip R. LeDuc
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Cell Stretching ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Pressure Driven

AbstractMechanical stimulation of single cells has been shown to affect cellular behavior from the molecular scale to ultimate cell fate including apoptosis and proliferation. In this, the ability to control the spatiotemporal application of force on cells through their extracellular matrix connections is critical to understand the cellular response of mechanotransduction. Here, we develop and utilize a novel pressure-driven equibiaxial cell stretching device (PECS) combined with an elastomeric material to control specifically the mechanical stimulation on single cells. Cells were cultured on silicone membranes coated with molecular matrices and then a uniform pressure was introduced to the opposite surface of the membrane to stretch single cells equibiaxially. This allowed us to apply mechanical deformation to investigate the complex nature of cell shape and structure. These results will enhance our knowledge of cellular and molecular function as well as provide insights into fields including biomechanics, tissue engineering, and drug discovery.

Mechanical stimulation of duck on rice phyto-morphology in rice-duck farming system

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Xiang HUANG ◽  
Jia-En ZHANG ◽  
Kai-Ming LIANG ◽  
Guo-Ming QUAN ◽  
Ben-Liang ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Stimulation Of

A microfluidic device for chemical and mechanical stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei-Wen Wu ◽  
Chun-Che Lin ◽  
Shiaw-Min Hwang ◽  
Yu-Jen Chang ◽  
Gwo-Bin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals A Novel Bioreactor for the Mechanical Stimulation of Clinically Relevant Scaffolds for Muscle Tissue Engineering Purposes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Silvia Todros ◽  
Silvia Spadoni ◽  
Edoardo Maghin ◽  
Martina Piccoli ◽  
Piero G. Pavan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Cellular Alignment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Muscular tissue regeneration may be enhanced in vitro by means of mechanical stimulation, inducing cellular alignment and the growth of functional fibers. In this work, a novel bioreactor is designed for the radial stimulation of porcine-derived diaphragmatic scaffolds aiming at the development of clinically relevant tissue patches. A Finite Element (FE) model of the bioreactor membrane is developed, considering two different methods for gripping muscular tissue patch during the stimulation, i.e., suturing and clamping with pliers. Tensile tests are carried out on fresh and decellularized samples of porcine diaphragmatic tissue, and a fiber-reinforced hyperelastic constitutive model is assumed to describe the mechanical behavior of tissue patches. Numerical analyses are carried out by applying pressure to the bioreactor membrane and evaluating tissue strain during the stimulation phase. The bioreactor designed in this work allows one to mechanically stimulate tissue patches in a radial direction by uniformly applying up to 30% strain. This can be achieved by adopting pliers for tissue clamping. Contrarily, the use of sutures is not advisable, since high strain levels are reached in suturing points, exceeding the physiological strain range and possibly leading to tissue laceration. FE analysis allows the optimization of the bioreactor configuration in order to ensure an efficient transduction of mechanical stimuli while preventing tissue damage.

scholarly journals STUDIES WITH THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH ON THE ACTION OF THE VAGUS NERVE ON THE HUMAN HEART

1911 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Canby Robinson ◽  
George Draper
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Vagus Stimulation ◽  
Ventricular Systole ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulation Of

In hearts showing auricular fibrillation mechanical stimulation of the right vagus nerve causes, as a rule, marked slowing or stoppage of ventricular rhythm, without producing any appreciable effect in the electrocardiographic record of the auricular fibrillation. The ventricular pauses are apparently due to the blocking of stimuli from the auricles. The force of ventricular systole is distinctly weakened for several beats after vagus stimulation, and ectopic ventricular systoles have been seen in several instances, apparently the result of the vagus action. There may, in some cases, be lowered excitability of the ventricles, while no constant change is seen in the size of the electrical complexes representing ventricular systole.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document