scholarly journals Cellular Proliferation of Intestinal Epithelia in the Rat Two Months after Partial Resection of the Ileum

1960 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Loran ◽  
T. L. Althausen
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Partial Resection ◽  
Normal Rate ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Normal Intestine

Sprague-Dawley rats subjected 2 months previously to partial resection (10 per cent) of the small intestine and their controls were injected with tritiated thymidine and sacrificed at 2 and 23 hours. Segments of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were autoradiographed, and the migration of the labelled cells during the period between 2 and 23 hours was measured with an eyepiece micrometer. The cells had migrated 35, 42, and 34 per cent of the total distance from the crypts to the tips of the villi in the control segments of duodenum, ileum, and jejunum respectively, and 43, 90, and 82 per cent, respectively, in similar segments from resected animals. The rate of migration in the portion of the intestine remaining after resection was approximately three times the normal rate in the ileum, twice the normal rate in the jejunum, and showed an increase of one-third in the duodenum. These results demonstrate that the rate of cell renewal is considerably greater in the remaining portion of the intestine of resected animals than in normal intestine. The increased rate of migration after resection, together with the increase in the height of the villi, resulted in an increase in the rate of cell renewal amounting to 141 per cent in the ileum, 114 per cent in the jejunum, and 23 per cent in the duodenum when compared with control segments.

scholarly journals POPULATION DYNAMICS OF INTESTINAL EPITHELIA IN THE RAT TWO MONTHS AFTER PARTIAL RESECTION OF THE ILEUM

1963 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Loran ◽  
T. T. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Partial Resection ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intestinal Crypt ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Feulgen Technique ◽  
Crypt Cells ◽  
Epithelial Growth

Sprague-Dawley rats that had been subjected 2 months previously to partial resection (10 per cent) of the small intestine and an equal number of control rats were injected with tritiated thymidine and sacrificed at intervals during the subsequent 16 hours. Segments of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were prestained by the Feulgen technique and radioautographed. The proportion of crypt cells bearing labeled nuclei, the percentage of labeled crypt cells in mitosis and the appearance of labeled crypt cells on the villi were determined. Comparison of control and resected rats showed that (a) the proportion of intestinal crypt cells incorporating thymidine was considerably greater and uniformly high throughout the shortened intestine, (b) the life cycle of crypt cells was slightly reduced, and was uniform throughout the shortened intestine, and (c) the time during which cells were retained in crypts was markedly reduced. On the basis of persistent, generalized increase in the production of crypt cells, and on prior evidence that the epithelial cells of shortened intestine continue to have a brief life span and evidence of metabolic immaturity, the existence of a humoral factor, tentatively called "intestinal epithelial growth hormone," is postulated.

scholarly journals Usefulness of a finger-mounted tissue oximeter with near-infrared spectroscopy for evaluating the intestinal oxygenation and viability in rats

Surgery Today ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhi Suzuki ◽  
Masayoshi Yamamoto ◽  
Kosuke Sugiyama ◽  
Toshiya Akai ◽  
Katsunori Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Histological Score ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
Normal Intestine

Abstract Purpose To investigate the utility of the device for evaluating intestinal oxygenation and viability using an animal model. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats underwent laparotomy under general anesthesia, and the blood vessels in the terminal ileum were clamped to create ischemia. We measured the regional tissue oxygenation saturation (rSO2) using an oximeter after 1, 3, and 6 h of vessel clamping. Ischemic tissue damage was assessed using a histological score. The intestine was reperfused after each clamping period, and intestinal rSO2 and survival rate were evaluated. Results When reperfusion was performed at 1 and 3 h after ischemia, rSO2 increased after 10 min, and it improved to the same level as for normal intestine after 1 h; all rats survived for 1 week. In contrast, after 6 h of ischemia, rSO2 did not increase after reperfusion, and all animals died within 2 days. The histological scores increased after 1 h of reperfusion, with longer clamping periods. Conclusion A finger-mounted tissue oximeter could evaluate intestinal ischemia and the viability, which is thus considered to be a promising result for future clinical application.

scholarly journals Orange Juice and Its Component, Hesperidin, Decrease the Expression of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 in Rat Small Intestine and Liver

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Watanabe ◽  
Naoki Matsumoto ◽  
Yuko Takeba ◽  
Toshio Kumai ◽  
Masami Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

We investigated the effects of orange juice (OJ) or hesperidin, a component of OJ, on the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin (PRV) and the expression of both protein and mRNA of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) in the rat small intestine and liver. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. OJ or a 0.079% hesperidin suspension was administered orally for 2 days. Tap water was given as a control. A single dose of PRV at 100 mg/kg p.o. was administered after 2 days of OJ, hesperidin, or tap water ingestion. The AUC, , andt1/2values of PRV were significantly increased in OJ group. Mrp2 protein and mRNA levels in the small intestine and liver, respectively, were significantly decreased after the ingestion of OJ. The same results were obtained with hesperidin. These results suggest that the changes in PRV pharmacokinetic parameters and the decrease in Mrp2 expression caused by OJ are due to hesperidin in the juice.

scholarly journals Hyperosmolarity in the small intestine contributes to postprandial ghrelin suppression

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (12) ◽  
pp. G1108-G1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Overduin ◽  
Tracy S. Tylee ◽  
R. Scott Frayo ◽  
David E. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dietary Modifications

Plasma levels of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin are suppressed by meals with an efficacy dependent on their macronutrient composition. We hypothesized that heterogeneity in osmolarity among macronutrient classes contributes to these differences. In three studies, the impact of small intestinal hyperosmolarity was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. In study 1, isotonic, 2.5×, and 5× hypertonic solutions of several agents with diverse absorption and metabolism properties were infused duodenally at a physiological rate (3 ml/10 min). Jugular vein blood was sampled before and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min after infusion. Plasma ghrelin was suppressed dose dependently and most strongly by glucose. Hyperosmolar infusions of lactulose, which transits the small intestine unabsorbed, and 3- O-methylglucose (3- O-MG), which is absorbed like glucose but remains unmetabolized, also suppressed ghrelin. Glucose, but not lactulose or 3- O-MG, infusions increased plasma insulin. In study 2, intestinal infusions of hyperosmolar NaCl suppressed ghrelin, a response that was not attenuated by coinfusion with the neural blocker lidocaine. In study 3, we reconfirmed that the low-osmolar lipid emulsion Intralipid suppresses ghrelin more weakly than isocaloric (but hypertonic) glucose. Importantly, raising Intralipid's osmolarity to that of the glucose solution by nonabsorbable lactulose supplementation enhanced ghrelin suppression to that seen after glucose. Hyperosmolar ghrelin occurred particularly during the initial 3 postinfusion hours. We conclude that small intestinal hyperosmolarity 1) is sufficient to suppress ghrelin, 2) may combine with other postprandial mechanisms to suppress ghrelin, 3) might contribute to altered ghrelin regulation after gastric bypass surgery, and 4) may inform dietary modifications for metabolic health.

scholarly journals Absorption, Distribution, Excretion, and Pharmacokinetics ofC-Pyronaridine Tetraphosphate in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hyun Park ◽  
Kannampalli Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Phase Ii Clinical Trials ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Peak Value

The main objective of this investigation was to determine the absorption, distribution, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial drug pyronaridine tetraphosphate (PNDP) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Following oral administration of a single dose (10 mg/Kg) ofC-PNDP, it was observed that the drug was readily absorbed from the small intestine within 1 hour following oral administration and was widely distributed in most of the tissues investigated as determined from the observed radioactivity in the tissues. The peak value of the drug in the blood was reached at around 8 hours postadministration, and radioactivity was detected in most of the tissues from 4 hours onwards.C-PNDP showed a poor permeability across the blood-brain barrier, and the absorption, distribution, and excretion ofC-PNDP were found to be gender-independent as both male and female rats showed a similar pattern of radioactivity. Excretion of the drug was predominantly through the urine with a peak excretion post 24 hours of administration. A small amount of the drug was also excreted in the feces and also in the breath. It was found that theCmax, AUC (0-inf), andTmaxvalues were similar to those observed in the Phase II clinical trials of pyronaridine/artesunate (Pyramax) conducted in Uganda.

Mitochondrial Changes in the Adrenal Glands Following the Administration of 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
J. R. Leibach ◽  
E. von Haam
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cortical Necrosis ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Sudan Iii ◽  
Pre Treatment

Adrenal cortical necrosis and apoplexy have been described by Huggins and Morii to follow single or multiple intravenous injections of 7,12-dimethyl-benzanthracene into female Sprague-Dawley rats. This phenomenon is species- and strain-specific and occurs within a few days after DMBA administration. The mechanism by which the chemical exerts its damaging effect on the adrenals is not known although it has been suggested that the 7-hydroxymethyl derivative produced in the liver is the responsible agent. The adrenal cortical necrosis is dose-related and can be prevented by pre-treatment of the animals with 3-methylcholanthrene or Sudan III.In the present study the adrenal glands from 31 animals which had developed breast tumors after treatment with 7,12-DMBA were studied by light and electron microscopy. Five animals were injected with DMBA and five weeks later were injected with tritiated thymidine three hours before sacrifice. The adrenals from these animals were studied by autoradiography.

scholarly journals A New Experimental System for the Extended Application of Cyclic Hydrostatic Pressure to Cell Culture

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Maul ◽  
Douglas W. Hamilton ◽  
Alejandro Nieponice ◽  
Lorenzo Soletti ◽  
David A. Vorp
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Cyclic Pressure ◽  
Extended Application ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Mechanical forces have been shown to be important stimuli for the determination and maintenance of cellular phenotype and function. Many cells are constantly exposed in vivo to cyclic pressure, shear stress, and/or strain. Therefore, the ability to study the effects of these stimuli in vitro is important for understanding how they contribute to both normal and pathologic states. While there exist commercial as well as custom-built devices for the extended application of cyclic strain and shear stress, very few cyclic pressure systems have been reported to apply stimulation longer than 48h. However, pertinent responses of cells to mechanical stimulation may occur later than this. To address this limitation, we have designed a new cyclic hydrostatic pressure system based upon the following design variables: minimal size, stability of pressure and humidity, maximal accessibility, and versatility. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was utilized to predict the pressure and potential shear stress within the chamber during the first half of a 1.0Hz duty cycle. To biologically validate our system, we tested the response of bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs) from Sprague Dawley rats to a cyclic pressure stimulation of 120∕80mm Hg, 1.0Hz for 7days. Cellular morphology was measured using Scion Image, and cellular proliferation was measured by counting nuclei in ten fields of view. CFD results showed a constant pressure across the length of the chamber and no shear stress developed at the base of the chamber where the cells are cultured. BMPCs from Sprague Dawley rats demonstrated a significant change in morphology versus controls by reducing their size and adopting a more rounded morphology. Furthermore, these cells increased their proliferation under cyclic hydrostatic pressure. We have demonstrated that our system imparts a single mechanical stimulus of cyclic hydrostatic pressure and is capable of at least 7days of continuous operation without affecting cellular viability. Furthermore, we have shown for the first time that BMPCs respond to cyclic hydrostatic pressure by alterations in morphology and increased proliferation.

scholarly journals Mechanical Elongation of the Small Intestine: Evaluation of Techniques for Optimal Screw Placement in a Rodent Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
P. A. Hausbrandt ◽  
H. Ainoedhofer ◽  
A. K. Saxena ◽  
J. Schalamon
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Intestinal Lengthening ◽  
Dietary Modifications

Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate techniques and establish an optimal method for mechanical elongation of small intestine (MESI) using screws in a rodent model in order to develop a potential therapy for short bowel syndrome (SBS).Material and Methods. Adult female Sprague Dawley rats (n=24) with body weight from 250 to 300 g (Σ=283) were evaluated using 5 different groups in which the basic denominator for the technique involved the fixation of a blind loop of the intestine on the abdominal wall with the placement of a screw in the lumen secured to the abdominal wall.Results. In all groups with accessible screws, the rodents removed the implants despite the use of washers or suits to prevent removal. Subcutaneous placement of the screw combined with antibiotic treatment and dietary modifications was finally successful. In two animals autologous transplantation of the lengthened intestinal segment was successful.Discussion. While the rodent model may provide useful basic information on mechanical intestinal lengthening, further investigations should be performed in larger animals to make use of the translational nature of MESI in human SBS treatment.

scholarly journals The development of arylsulphatase in the small intestine of the rat

1969 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Danovitch ◽  
L. Laster
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Old Rats

1. Arylsulphatase activity was measured in stomach, proximal and distal third of small intestine, colon, liver and kidney of foetal and neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats and Swiss mice, with nitrocatechol sulphate as substrate. 2. The specific activity in the distal small intestine, but not in the stomach, proximal small intestine or colon, increased about fourfold between 5 and 16 days after birth in both conventional and germ-free rats. 3. No comparable increase occurred in the distal small intestine of the mouse. 4. The specific activity of acid phosphatase in the distal small intestine of the rat rose only slightly when the arylsulphatase activity increased. 5. The pH optimum and Michaelis constant of arylsulphatase activity of the distal small intestine were similar for 1-day-old, 9-day-old and adult rats. 6. When extracts of distal small intestine of 1-day-old and 9-day-old rats were incubated together, the arylsulphatase activities were additive.

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