scholarly journals Characterization of cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes in the colorless alga Polytoma. III. Ribosomal RNA cistrons of the nucleus and leucoplast.

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Siu ◽  
K Chiang ◽  
H Swift
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heterologous Hybridization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Specific Hybridization

The colorless alga Polytoma obtusum has been found to possess leucoplasts, and two kinds of ribosomes with sedimentation values of 73S and 79S. The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of the 73S but not the 79S ribosomes was shown to hybridize with the leucoplast DNA (rho - 1.682 g/ml). Nuclear DNA of Polytoma (rho = 1.711) showed specific hybridization with rRNA from the 79S ribosomes. Saturation hybridization indicated that only one copy of the rRNA cistrons was present per leucoplast genome, with an average buoyant density of rho = 1.700. On the other hand, about 750 copies of the cytoplasmic rRNA cistrons were present per nuclear genome with a density of rho = 1.709. Heterologous hybridization studies with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii rRNAs showed an estimated 80% homology between the two cytoplasmic rRNAs, but only a 50% homology between chloroplast and leucoplast rRNAs of the two species. We conclude that the leucoplasts of Polytoma derive from chloroplasts of a Chlamydomonas-like ancestor, but that the leucoplast rRNA cistrons have diverged in evolution more extensively than the cistrons for cytoplasmic rRNA.

scholarly journals Characterization of cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes in the colorless alga Polytoma. II. General characterization of organelle nucleic acids.

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Siu ◽  
H Swift ◽  
K Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Main Band ◽  
Major Species ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Cytoplasmic Ribosomes

Polytoma obtusum has a main band DNA (alpha) with a buoyant density in CsC1 of rho = 1.711 g/ml and a light DNA satellite (beta) with rho = 1.682 g/ml. beta-DNA was substantially enriched in a fraction containing small leucoplast fragments and some mitochondria, which was obtained in a pellet sedimenting between 3,000 g and 5,000 g. A crude mitochondrial pellet was also obtained by sedimenting at 12,000 g to recover particulates remaining in the supernate after 10 min at 5,000 g. This fraction contained a third DNA component (gamma) with rho = 1.714 g/ml. We have concluded that the leucoplasts of P. obtusum contain the beta-DNA (1.6882) and the mitochondria possess the gamma-component (1.714). Two distinct classess of ribosomes were isolated and separated by sucrose density gradients, a major 79S species and a minor species at 75S. The major species possessed the 25S and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), characteristic of cytoplasmic ribosomes, and these particles co-sedimented in sucrose gradients with the 79S cytoplasmic ribosomes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The minor species was present in about 2% of the total ribosomal population but showed an eight-to-ninefold enrichment in the leucoplast pellet, suggesting that it was of organelle origin. These 73S particles had RNA components migrating very closely with the 18S and 25S species of the 79S ribosomes, but the base composition of the rRNA from these two classes of ribosomes was significantly different; the rRNA from the 79S ribosomes had a G+C mole ratio of 50.0%, while the rRNA from the 73S class had a ratio of 47.5%. By comparison, chloroplast ribosomes of C. reinhardtii were found to sediment at 70S and contain rRNA molecules of 23S and 16S, with a G + C content of 51.0%. These findings support the concept that the Polytoma leucoplast possesses characteristic genetic and protein-forming systems.

A Characterization of the Topological Dimension

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-490
Author(s):  
Gerd Rodé
Keyword(s):  
Hausdorff Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Numbers ◽  
Topological Dimension ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

AbstractThis paper gives a new characterization of the dimension of a normal Hausdorff space, which joins together the Eilenberg-Otto characterization and the characterization by finite coverings. The link is furnished by the notion of a system of faces of a certain type (N1,..., NK), where N1,..., NK, K are natural numbers. It is shown that a space X contains a system of faces of type (N1,..., NK) if and only if dim(X) ≥ N1 + … + NK. The two limit cases of the theorem, namely Nk = 1 for 1 ≤ k ≤ K on the one hand, and K = 1 on the other hand, give the two known results mentioned above.

scholarly journals Maqui berry vs Sloe berry – Liquor-based Beverage for New Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000
Author(s):  
Amadeo Gironés-Vilaplana ◽  
Diego A. Moreno ◽  
Cristina García-Viguera
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Development ◽  
Aristotelia Chilensis ◽  
Maqui Berry ◽  
Over Time

“Pacharán” is an aniseed liquor-based beverage made with sloe berry ( Prunus spinosa L.) that has been produced in northern Spain. On the other hand, maqui berry ( Aristotelia chilensis) is a common edible berry from Chile, and currently under study because of its multiple beneficial effects on health. The aim of this work was to design a new aniseed liquor-based beverage with maqui berry, as an industrial alternative to a traditional alcoholic product with bioactive berries. The characterization of its composition, compared with the traditional “Pacharán”, and its evolution during maceration (6 and 12 months) showed that the new maqui liquor had significantly-higher anthocyanin retention over time. More studies on the organoleptic properties and bioactivity are underway.

scholarly journals Ontology, Ontologies and the “I” of FAIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Guizzardi
Keyword(s):  
Value Of Information ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Semantic Interoperability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Guiding Principles

According to the FAIR guiding principles, one of the central attributes for maximizing the added value of information artifacts is interoperability. In this paper, I discuss the importance, and propose a characterization of the notion of Semantic Interoperability. Moreover, I show that a direct consequence of this view is that Semantic Interoperability cannot be achieved without the support of, on one hand, (i) ontologies, as meaning contracts capturing the conceptualizations represented in information artifacts and, on the other hand, of (ii) Ontology, as a discipline proposing formal meth- ods and theories for clarifying these conceptualizations and articulating their representations. In particular, I discuss the fundamental role of formal ontological theories (in the latter sense) to properly ground the construction of representation languages, as well as methodological and computational tools for supporting the engineering of ontologies (in the former sense) in the context of FAIR.

scholarly journals ON THE DEFINITIONS OF SOBOLEV AND BV SPACES INTO SINGULAR SPACES AND THE TRACE PROBLEM

2007 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 473-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID CHIRON
Keyword(s):  
Sobolev Spaces ◽  
Metric Spaces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dirichlet Energy ◽  
Singular Spaces ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The purpose of this paper is to relate two notions of Sobolev and BV spaces into metric spaces, due to Korevaar and Schoen on the one hand, and Jost on the other hand. We prove that these two notions coincide and define the same p-energies. We review also other definitions, due to Ambrosio (for BV maps into metric spaces), Reshetnyak and finally to the notion of Newtonian–Sobolev spaces. These last approaches define the same Sobolev (or BV) spaces, but with a different energy, which does not extend the standard Dirichlet energy. We also prove a characterization of Sobolev spaces in the spirit of Bourgain, Brezis and Mironescu in terms of "limit" of the space Ws,p as s → 1, 0 < s < 1, and finally following the approach proposed by Nguyen. We also establish the [Formula: see text] regularity of traces of maps in Ws,p (0 < s ≤ 1 < sp).

Entitlement Theories of Justice: From Nozick to Roemer and Beyond

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. van der Veen ◽  
Philippe Van Parijs
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Robert Nozick ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Entitlement Theory ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Principle Of Justice ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
The One ◽  
Alternative Theories

In Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Robert Nozick contrasts entitlement theories of justice and “traditional” theories such as Rawls', utilitarianism or egalitarianism, and advocates the former against the latter. What exactly is an entitlement theory (or conception or principle) of justice? Nozick's book offers two distinct characterizations. On the one hand, he explicitly describes “the general outlines of the entitlement theory” as maintaining “that the holdings of a person are just if he is entitled to them by the principles of justice in acquisition and transfer, or by the principle of rectification of injustice (as specified by the first two principles of just acquisition and transfer)” (Nozick, 1974, p. 153). On the other hand, his famous “Wilt Chamberlain” argument against alternative theories is first said to apply to (all) “non-entitlement conceptions” (p. 160), and later to any “end-state principle or distributional patterned principle of justice” (p. 163) — which amounts to an implicit characterization of an entitlement conception (theory, principle) as a conception of justice which is neither end-state nor patterned.

ON THE POWER OF DETERMINISTIC AND SEQUENTIAL COMMUNICATING P SYSTEMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 415-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUDĚK CIENCIALA ◽  
LUCIE CIENCIALOVÁ ◽  
PIERLUIGI FRISCO ◽  
PETR SOSÍK
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
P Systems ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Parallel Mode ◽  
Sequential Mode

We characterize the computational power of several restricted variants of communicating P systems. We show that 2-deterministic communicating P systems with 2 membranes, working in either minimally or maximally parallel mode, are computationally universal. Considering the sequential mode, 2 membranes are shown to characterize the power of partially blind multicounter machines. Next, a characterization of the power of 1-deterministic communicating P systems is given. Finally, we show that the nondeterministic variant in maximally parallel mode is universal already with 1 membrane. These results demonstrate differences in computational power between nondeterminism, 2-determinism and 1-determinism, on one hand, and between sequential, minimally and maximally parallel modes, on the other hand.

Characterization of texture and microstructure of electrodeposited Ni layers

2008 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homuro Noda ◽  
Akinobu Shibata ◽  
Masato Sone ◽  
Chiemi Ishiyama ◽  
Yakichi Higo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Direction ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cu Substrate ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Columnar Grains

AbstractThe texture and microstructure of electrodeposited Ni layers formed in an additive-free Watt's bath were investigated. The microstructure of the electrodeposited Ni layer consists of fine columnar grains extending along the growth direction. The major texture components of electrodeposited Ni layers on Ni-P substrate were (112) and (110) fibers. On the other hand, electrodeposited Ni layers on Cu substrate had a strong (110) fiber texture. In the vicinity of the interface between the electrodeposited Ni layer and the Cu substrate, obvious epitaxial regions were not observed. Many twins parallel to the growth direction were observed in the electrodeposited Ni layer. It is suggested that grains with a twin relationship grew preferentially during the electrodeposition reaction.

scholarly journals De NovoSequencing and Characterization of the Transcriptome of Dwarf Polish Wheat (Triticum polonicumL.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Xiaolu Wang ◽  
Fan Peng ◽  
Ruijiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Genome Sequencing Consortium ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Wheat Transcriptome

Construction as well as characterization of a polish wheat transcriptome is a crucial step to study useful traits of polish wheat. In this study, a transcriptome, including 76,014 unigenes, was assembled from dwarf polish wheat (DPW) roots, stems, and leaves using the software of Trinity. Among these unigenes, 61,748 (81.23%) unigenes were functionally annotated in public databases and classified into differentially functional types. Aligning this transcriptome against draft wheat genome released by the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 57,331 (75.42%) unigenes, including 26,122 AB-specific and 2,622 D-specific unigenes, were mapped on A, B, and/or D genomes. Compared with the transcriptome ofT. turgidum, 56,343 unigenes were matched with 103,327 unigenes ofT. turgidum. Compared with the genomes of rice and barley, 14,404 and 7,007 unigenes were matched with 14,608 genes of barley and 7,708 genes of rice, respectively. On the other hand, 2,148, 1,611, and 2,707 unigenes were expressed specifically in roots, stems, and leaves, respectively. Finally, 5,531 SSR sequences were observed from 4,531 unigenes, and 518 primer pairs were designed.

Solution Growth of 3C-SiC on 6H-SiC Using Si Solvent under N2-He Atmosphere

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kusunoki ◽  
Kazuhito Kamei ◽  
Nobuyoshi Yashiro ◽  
Takashi Tanaka ◽  
Akihiro Yauchi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solution Growth ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Homoepitaxial Layers ◽  
Top Seeded Solution Growth ◽  
Koh Etching

Top seeded solution growth of SiC on on-axis 6H-SiC was performed using Si solvent at growth temperature as high as 1645-1870°C. It was found that different polytypes of SiC layers were grown on 6H-SiC depending on gas species during growth. The growth under He atmosphere produced 6H-SiC homoepitaxial layers. On the other hand, the growth under N2-He atmosphere led to 3C-SiC epitaxial layers. It was obvious that the nitrogen dissolved in solvent strongly favoured the 3C-SiC polytype formation on 6H-SiC. We also conducted characterization of 3C-SiC layers grown on 6H-SiC (0001)Si by TEM, molten KOH etching and precise XRD measurement.

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