scholarly journals A stereological study of the glomerular filter in the rat. Morphometry of the slit diaphragm and basement membrane.

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Shea ◽  
A B Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Slit Diaphragm ◽  
Hydrodynamic Theory ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
Slit Length ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
The Mean

Kidney from normal male albino rats, of body weight 170-200 g, was fixed by arterial perfusion with buffered tannic acid-glutaraldehyde, and postfixed with osmium tetroxide. Random and isotropic ultrathin sections from 23 different glomeruli from five rats were mounted on slot grids for staining and electron microscopy. Prints of whole glomeruli at a magnification of 3,909 were analyzed by stereological methods. The mean glomerular volume was (8.048 +/- 0.474) X 10(5) mum3 if the glomeruli are treated as spheres. The area of the basement membrane was 0.281 +/- 0.017 mm2 per glomerulus, of which 0.184 +/- 0.011 mm2 represents peripheral basement membrane. The aggregate epithelial slit length per glomerulus was 65.19 +/- 3.84 cm, of which 48.69 +/- 2.87 cm represents epithelial slits abutting on the peripheral basement membrane. Assuming that a slit diaphragm is 390 A wide, and that the pores of the slit diaphragm represent 26% of its area, the mean pore area is 3.96 cm2, of which 2.96 cm2 represents the area of peripheral pores. These findings are discussed in the context of the hydrodynamic theory of glomerular ultrafiltration. We conclude that the porous substructure of the glomerular slit diaphragm is significant in determining the hydraulic conductivity of the glomerulus and hence also solute flux during ultrafiltration.

Pronucleus formation, DNA synthesis and metaphase entry in porcine oocytes following intracytoplasmic injection of murine spermatozoa

Zygote ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong-Ki Kim ◽  
Sun Hong Cheon ◽  
Youn Jeong Lee ◽  
Sun Ho Choi ◽  
Xiang Shun Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Ultrastructural Observation ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Injection ◽  
Paternal Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Mean Time

The onset of pronucleus formation and DNA synthesis in porcine oocytes following the injection of porcine or murine sperm was determined in order to obtain insights into species-specific paternal factors that contribute to fertilisation. Similar frequencies of oocytes with female pronuclei were observed after injection with porcine sperm or with murine sperm. In contrast, male pronuclei formed 8-9 h following the injection of porcine sperm, and 6-8 h following the injection of murine sperm. After pronucleus formation maternally derived microtubules were assembled and appeared to move both male and female pronuclei to the oocyte centre. A few porcine oocytes entered metaphase 22 h after the injection of murine sperm, but normal cell division was not observed. The mean time of onset of S-phase in male pronuclei was 9.7 h following porcine sperm injection and 7.4 h following mouse sperm injection. Ultrastructural observation revealed that male pronuclei derived from murine sperm in porcine oocytes are morphologically similar to normal male pronuclei in porcine zygotes. These results suggest that species-specific paternal factors influence the onset of pronucleus formation and DNA synthesis. However, normal nuclear cytoplasmic interactions were observed in porcine S-phase oocytes following murine sperm injection.

scholarly journals Introduction Pages

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. I-VI
Author(s):  
Radu E. SESTRAS
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
African Mahogany

Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 1, Volume 11, 2019: The papers published in this issue (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro/index.php/nsb/issue/current) represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting researches, we invite readers to find news about: The role of DNA Methylation in perennial plants; Peste des petits ruminants: Aetiology, pathology, immunology, disease status in Africa, diagnosis, control, prevention and treatment; Phytotherapy and polycyclic logging: implication on genetic multiplicity and diversity of African mahogany in tropical rainforest; Insight into re-emergence of cassava brown streak disease: the need to explore diverse approaches for effective control; Microbiological characterization of grilled meat “Tchatchanga” in Cotonou (Southern Benin): Enumeration, isolation and resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; Development of shoot cultures from leaf explant of Portulaca quadrifida L.; Evaluation of in vitro shoot elongation and rooting of date palm, and determination of physiological characteristics of regenerated plantlets; Maturation and germination of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) somatic embryos; Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects of black brand of lipton tea (Camellia sinensis) on normal male albino rats.

Interaction of sepsis and sepsis plus sympathomimetics on myocardial oxygen availability

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (4) ◽  
pp. H1164-H1173
Author(s):  
A. D. Bersten ◽  
W. J. Sibbald ◽  
M. Hersch ◽  
H. Cheung ◽  
F. S. Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Systemic Oxygen ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean

The ability to regulate myocardial blood flows (Q) in accord with changing myocardial O2 needs may be depressed in sepsis. This could be an important concern when sympathomimetics are used to augment systemic oxygen delivery (QO2) in this syndrome as increased myocardial O2 needs may accompany an infusion of this class of drugs. Therefore after measuring the effect of sepsis on myocardial O2 metabolism, we then infused various sympathomimetics to evaluate the sepsis+sympathomimetic interaction on myocardial QO2. We measured Q to the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles by the radioactive microsphere technique in 36 unanesthetized mature sheep, before and during the infusion of dopamine, dobutamine, dopexamine, norepinephrine, salbutamol, or placebo. Randomly selected for infusion, these drugs were titrated to augment the thermodilution-derived cardiac index (CI) by greater than 20%. This study was repeated 24-48 h after cecal ligation and perforation had resulted in a hyperdynamic septic state [change (delta) in CI = sepsis - baseline = +54%; P less than 0.01]. During the septic study, both Q-LV (delta = +80%; P less than 0.01) and Q-RV (delta = +84%; P less than 0.01) were increased above baseline values; the augmented Q to both LV and RV was directly correlated with the arterial perfusion pressure (PA) x CI product and the mean pulmonary artery pressure (PPA) x CI product, respectively. Only 23% of study animals demonstrated net transmyocardial lactate production during the septic study. When the infusion of sympathomimetics was accompanied by an increase in the PPA x CI and PA x CI products, a further increase in both Q-RV and Q-LV, respectively, occurred. Also, neither the ventricular endocardial-to-epicardial flow ratios nor transmyocardial lactate extraction were modified by the sympathomimetics infusion. We conclude that the septic response to infection in this animal model was not accompanied by significant abnormalities in the metabolic regulation of myocardial QO2 (R. E. Cunnion, G. L. Scher, and M. M. Parker, Circulation 73: 637-644, 1986).

scholarly journals Effect of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) on serum creatine kinase-MB and troponin I in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in wistar albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Sharmin Nahar ◽  
Qazi Shamima Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: The prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) is increasing day by day in Bangladesh due to socioeconomic transition. Spices and herbs are important source of remedy for various diseases in human. Curcuma longa suggested to be used as an indigenous medicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To observe the effect of Curcuma longa in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in Wistar albino rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during 2015. Twenty one Wistar albino male rats, weighing 100 to 150 g (initial body weight); aged 85 to 100 days were selected for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days, the rats were divided into BC (Baseline control group), ISP-TC (Isoproterenol treated control group) and CLP-ISPT (Curcuma longa pretreated and isoproterenol treated group). Each group consisted of 7 rats. After experiment, on the 10th day, final body weight was taken, rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from the heart. The heart was removed and weighed. Serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) level was estimated by ELISA method and Troponin I (cTnI) level by AxSYM method. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Results: In this study, the mean percent (%) change of body weight (p<0.01), mean serum CK-MB (p<0.001) and cTnI (p<0.001) levels were significantly higher but mean heart weight was non significantly higher in ISP-TC in comparison to those of BC. Again, the mean percent (%) change of body weight (p<0.01), mean heart weight (p<0.01), mean serum CK-MB (p<0.01) and cTnI (p<0.001) levels were significantly lower in CLP-ISPT than those of ISP-TC group. Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that Curcuma longa may have cardioprotective effect. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2018, December; 13(2): 47-53

Ultrastructure of cellular components of human trophoblasts during early pregnancy

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jaggi ◽  
PK Mehrotra ◽  
SC Maitra ◽  
SL Agarwal ◽  
K Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Large Nucleus ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Intracellular Organization ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Prominent Nucleolus

Two cell types, the cyto- and syncytio-trophoblasts, were identified in human chorionic villi of 6-10 weeks' gestation. The intracellular organization of these cells was examined. Ultrathin sections of small pieces of chorionic villi revealed the presence of a multinucleate syncytiotrophoblastic layer, whose surface was covered with microvilli. The cytotrophoblasts, however, had a single large nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. An interesting feature of the basement membrane of these cells was the presence of aggregates of dark granules in samples of the earlier gestational age (6-8 weeks) and granular bodies having a dense outer ring and a translucent inner ring with a lucid central area in samples of 8-10 weeks' gestation. Both types of granules are mineralized and are assumed to perform a buffering role for maintaining the neutrality of the layer.

Effect of sex difference and pregnancy on the normal reactive hyperemia curve

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. H500-H504
Author(s):  
J. K. Vyden ◽  
T. Takano ◽  
K. Nagasawa ◽  
T. Ogawa ◽  
M. Groseth-Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Males

The 10-min reactive hyperemia reaction was studied in a group of normal males, 10 normal females, 10 females in each trimester of pregnancy, and 10 females 6 wk postpartum. Sex difference had a marked effect on the hyperemic reaction, in that 5 and 15 s after release of circulatory arrest, the mean forearm blood flow in normal males was significantly reduced below that of normal females. During pregnancy there was a shift in the reaction of the pregnant female toward that in the normal male. In the 1st trimester of pregnancy, 5 s after circulatory arrest the mean forearm blood flow was diminished below that of the normal female; in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters at 5 s, the reaction was significantly diminished below that of the normal female. At 6wk postpartum, the reaction was essentially the same as in the nonpregnant female. Although these changes may be explained by a hormonal difference, they portray that there may be a marked difference in vascular reactivity due to sex difference only.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF PORTULACA OLERACEA LINN. LEAVES IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
M. Medhabati ◽  
L. Babycha ◽  
L. Tarinita ◽  
Bikram Tewari ◽  
Saumya Kanti Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Action

In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea (POE 200, 400 and 600mg/kg) was studied using carrageenan induced paw oedema in albino rats. The mean increase in paw volume was recorded. POE produced significant (p<,0.01) anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the control. The anti-inflammatory action of POEcan be attributed to its flavonoid contents which are known to act through inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. However, the test drug at maximum dose (600mg/kg) was found to be less effective than the standard drug, aspirin (100mg/Kg).

scholarly journals Spermatotoxic effects of selected traditional alcoholic beverages from North-Central Nigeria on adult male albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 014-022
Author(s):  
Olusayo Moritiwon ◽  
Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko ◽  
David Oyebode ◽  
James Bitrus ◽  
Adikpe Emmanuel Edugbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
North Central ◽  
Caudal Portion

Challenges associated with habitual intake of alcohol including health, social, psychological and especially reproductive health needs urgent attention. This study aimed to determine the spermatotoxic effect of selected traditional alcoholic beverages in rats. A total of 30 normal male Spaque dawley strain albino rats weighing 180-220g, divided into 5 groups of 6 rats in each were administered with 10ml/kg p.o each of pito, goskolo and ogogoro, goskolo respectively and 0.5ml/kg normal saline for a period of 21 days. Sperm samples were harvested from the left caudal portion epididymis assayed for sperm motility, sperm morphology and sperm count after which histological examination was carried out on the testes. Results showed that active, sluggish and dead sperm cells were goskolo>pito>burukutu>control>ogogoro, ogogoro> burukutu> control>goskolo>pito and control>pito>ogogoro>burukutu>goskolo respectively. For morphology of sperm cells, it was goskolo>ogogoro>burukutu>control>pito (normal) and pito>control>burukutu> ogogoro> goskolo (abnormal). Also, that of sperm count was goskolo>ogogoro>pito>burukutu>control. Results further showed that ogogoro and goskolo caused significant negative effects on quantity and quality of sperm cells with alteration of histological parameters marked with altered secondary spermatogonia and spermatid. These effects were however mild with pito and burukutu. Traditional alcoholic beverages from North central Nigeria ‘pito’, 'burukutu', 'ogogoro', and goskolo' have negative on the quantity and quality of sperm cells with marked with infraction of spermatogonia of male albino rats. As a result of the spermatotoxic properties of these locally available and often ingested drinks by males predominantly in the reproductive age brackets will do well to avoid and or minimize its use as it leads to reprotoxicity.

scholarly journals Assessment of corneal epithelial thickness mapping in epithelial basement membrane dystrophy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0239124
Author(s):  
Juliette Buffault ◽  
Pierre Zéboulon ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Anthony Chiche ◽  
Jade Luzu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Epithelial Basement Membrane ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Corneal Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Epithelial Basement

Purpose To investigate the corneal epithelial thickness topography with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its relationship with vision quality in epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). Methods 45 eyes of EBMD patients, 26 eyes of dry eye (DED) patients and 22 eyes of normal subjects were enrolled. All participants were subjected to 9-mm corneal epithelial mapping with OCT and vision quality was assessed with the optical quality analysis system using the objective scatter index (OSI). Central, superior, inferior, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation of epithelium thickness (Irregularity), were analysed and correlations with the OSI were calculated. Results The mean (±SD) central, inferior and maximum epithelial thicknesses of the EBMD patients (respectively, 56.4 (±8.1) μm, 58.9 (±6.4) μm, and 67.1 (±8.3) μm) were thicker compared to DED patients (P<0.05) and normal subjects (P<0.05). We found greater irregularity of epithelial thickness in EBMD (5.1±2.5 μm) compared to DED patients (2.6±1.0 μm) (P = 4.4.10−6) and normal subjects (2.1±0.7 μm) (P = 7.6.10−7). The mean OSI was worse in EBMD patients than in DED patients (P = 0.01) and compared to normal subjects (P = 0.02). The OSI correlated with the epithelial thickness irregularity (Spearman coefficient = 0.54; P = 2.65.10−5). Conclusions The OCT pachymetry map demonstrated that EBMD patients had thicker corneal epithelium in the central and inferior region. These changes were correlated with objective measurements of vision quality. This OCT characterisation of the EMBD provides a better understanding of the epithelial behaviour in this dystrophy and its role in vision quality.

scholarly journals The potential protective role of coenzyme q10 on the cyclophosphamide-induced lung toxicity in adult male albino rats: a histological and ultrastructural study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouran K. Olama ◽  
Medhat Taha ◽  
Hagar Y. Rady
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Lung Toxicity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Alveolar Septa

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cyclophosphamide is anticancer and immunosuppressant agent used to treat malignant and autoimmune diseases. Its long-term use causes side effects, as infertility and pulmonary toxicity. Coenzyme Q10; the only synthesized antioxidant in human body, acts as powerful antioxidant, scavenging free radicals, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Aim of present study was to examine effect of coenzyme Q10 on blood biochemical profiles, histopathological changes in lungs of adult rats exposed to cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 36 adult male albino rats divided into four groups; control and three experimental each having 9 rats. First experimental group received coenzyme Q10, second received cyclophosphamide while third group received coenzyme Q10 along with cyclophosphamide. Experiment lasted for 7 days. On 8th day, animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination. SOD (superoxide dismutase) and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels were determined and used for statistical analysis.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In coenzyme Q10 treated group, H&amp;E stained sections revealed normal respiratory alveoli. Ultrathin sections revealed normal alveolar septa, pneumocyte and blood capillaries contain erythrocytes. In cyclophosphamide treated group, H&amp;E stained sections revealed peribronchial and interstitial fibrosis. Ultrathin sections revealed alveoli having apparent free lumen with extravasated erythrocytes. Alveolar septa revealed collagen fibrils deposits, and proliferated fibroblasts. In combined coenzyme Q10 and cyclophosphamide treated group, H&amp;E stained sections revealed marked decrease of inter-alveolar tissue thickening. Ultrathin sections revealed destructed alveolar septa with dissociated remnants of collagen fibrils. Blood capillaries appeared wide, containing monocytes and erythrocytes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Administration of coenzyme Q10 with cyclophosphamide is advised to alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced lung toxicity.</p>

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