scholarly journals Basic Proteins of Plant Nuclei during Normal and Pathological Cell Growth

1959 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Rasch ◽  
John W. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Basic Proteins ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Sperm Nuclei

Histone proteins were studied by microphotometry of plant tissue sections stained with fast green at pH 8.1. For comparative purposes the Feulgen reaction was used for deoxyribose nuclei acid (DNA); the Sakaguchi reaction for arginine; and the Millon reaction for estimates of total protein. Analysis of Tradescantia tissues indicated that amounts of nuclear histone fell into approximate multiples of the gametic (egg or sperm) quantity except in dividing tissues, where amounts intermediate between multiples were found. In differentiated tissues of lily, corn, onion, and broad bean, histones occurred in constant amounts per nucleus, characteristic of the species, as was found also for DNA. Unlike the condition in several animal species, the basic proteins of sperm nuclei in these higher plants were of the histone type; no evidence of protamine was found. In a plant neoplasm, crown gall of broad bean, behavior of the basic nuclear proteins closely paralleled that of DNA. Thus, alterations of DNA levels in tumor tissues were accompanied by quantitatively similar changes in histone levels to maintain the same Feulgen/fast green ratios found in homologous normal tissues.

Calreticulin is Differentially Expressed in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Asma Tariq ◽  
Rana Muhammad Mateen ◽  
Iram Fatima ◽  
Muhammad Waheed Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Grade Ii

Objective: The aim of the present study was to build protein profiles of untreated breast cancer patients of invasive ductal carcinoma grade II at tissue level in Pakistani population and to compare 2-D profiles of breast tumor tissues with matched normal tissues in order to evaluate for variations of proteins among them. Materials & Methods: Breast tissue profiles were made after polytron tissue lysis and rehydrated proteins were further characterized by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. On the basis of isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight, proteins were identified by online tool named Siena 2-D database and their identification was further confirmed by using MALDI-TOF. Results: Among identified spots, 10 proteins were found to be differentially expressed i.e.; COX5A, THIO, TCTP, HPT, SODC, PPIA, calreticulin (CRT), HBB, albumin and serotransferrin. For further investigation, CRT was selected. The level of CRT in tumors was found to be significantly higher than in normal group (p < 0.05). The increased expression of CRT level in tumor was statistically significant (p = 0.010) at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05) as analyzed by Mann-Whitney. CRT was found distinctly expressed in high amount in tumor tissue as compared to their matched normal tissues. Conclusion: It has been concluded that CRT expression could discriminate between normal tissue and tumor tissue so it might serve as a possible candidate for future studies in cancer diagnostic markers.

The RAV12 Monoclonal Antibody Recognizes the N-Linked Glycotope RAAG12: Expression in Human Normal and Tumor Tissues

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (9) ◽  
pp. 1403-1412
Author(s):  
Suzanne K. Coberly ◽  
Francine Z. Chen ◽  
Mark P. Armanini ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Peter F. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Subcellular Location ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Associated Proteins

Abstract Context.—RAAG12 is a primate-restricted N-linked carbohydrate antigen present on multiple membrane-associated proteins. RAAG12 is recognized by the RAV12 monoclonal antibody. RAV12 binds to RAAG12-expressing gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, modifies growth factor-mediated signaling, induces oncotic cell death in vitro, and has antitumor activity toward gastrointestinal tumor xenografts. Objective.—To determine the expression pattern of RAAG12 in normal and tumor tissue to identify indications for clinical study and potential safety issues. Design.—Immunohistochemistry of 36 normal human tissues and a broad range of tumor tissues to profile RAAG12 expression. Results.—More than 90% of colon, gastric, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas expressed RAAG12, and expression was uniform in most samples. Expression of RAAG12 at lower frequency and/or uniformity was observed in other cancers, including esophageal, ovarian, liver, breast, and prostate carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Similar RAAG12 expression was observed between primary and metastatic colon adenocarcinomas. No staining was seen on cardiovascular, endocrine, neuromuscular, hematopoietic, or nervous system tissue from non–tumor-bearing individuals. RAAG12 was expressed on mucosal and glandular/ductal epithelium. The gastrointestinal tract mucosa and pancreatic/biliary ducts displayed the most uniform reactivity. RAAG12 exhibited differential subcellular localization in these normal, compared with tumor, tissues. Normal polarized epithelia primarily displayed apical membrane and cytoplasmic staining, whereas tumors exhibited whole membrane staining that increased with decreasing differentiation. Conclusions.—High expression of RAAG12 on tumors of gastrointestinal origin suggests these cancers are appropriate targets for RAV12 therapy. Differential subcellular location of RAAG12 on normal epithelia may limit accessibility of RAV12 to the subset of normal tissues that exhibit antigen expression.

TOXOHORMONE IN BACTERIA-FREE TUMORS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1069-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Nixon ◽  
B. Zinman
Keyword(s):  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Human Spleen ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Normal Human Kidney ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Normal Human

Toxohormone was extracted from bacteria-free human tumors and normal tissues, and assayed for activity by measuring the decrease in serum iron levels of rats 12 hours after injection of the extracts. In contrast with the findings of others, the results of the present study demonstrated that active toxohormone could be isolated from bacteria-free tumor tissues. Bacteria-free normal human kidney and spleen also yielded active toxohormone extracts, whereas extracts of normal human- and rat-skeletal muscle and rat liver had no activity.Four active toxohormone extracts were purified by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. Human leukemic spleen, metastatic carcinoma of the cecum, and normal human spleen and kidney yielded several highly active purified fractions.

scholarly journals Identification of key genes related to macrophage infiltration in gastric cancer based on WGCNA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Cangang Zhang ◽  
Shuai Cao ◽  
Meng Cao ◽  
Nana Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
Advanced Stages

Abstract Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is rampant around the world. Most of the GC cases are detected in advanced stages with poor prognosis. The identification of marker genes for early diagnosis is of great significance. Studying the tumor environment is helpful to acknowledge the process of tumorigenesis, development, and metastasis.Methods: In GEO, 22 kinds of immune cell infiltration were calculated by CIBERSORT. Macrophages were discovered remarkably infiltrated higher in GC compared with normal tissues. WGCNA was utilized to construct the network and then identify key modules and genes related to macrophages in TCGA.Results: Finally, 18 hub genes were verified. In the PPI bar chart, the top 3 genes were chosen as hub genes involved in most pathways. On the TIMER and THPA websites, it is verified that the expression levels of CYBB, CD86 and C3AR1 genes in tumor tissues were higher than those in normal tissues.Conclusion: These genes may work as biomarkers or targets for accurate diagnosis and treatment of GC in the future. Our findings may be a new strategy for the treatment of GC.

scholarly journals Interleukin 37 Expression was Negatively Associated with Pathological Grading in Human Gliomas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Ying Ba ◽  
Chenglong Li ◽  
Mengyang Xing ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Pathological Type ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Clinicopathologic Factors ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques

Abstract Background: Little is known about the roles of interleukin 37 (IL-37), a newly identified cytokine, in the pathogenesis of cancer. In this study, we aimed to determine the expression of IL-37 in gliomas with different pathological grades and evaluated its effects on survival. Methods: Ninety-five participants with different pathological grades of glioma were included in this study, which were classified into grade I-II (n=27), grade III (n=30), and grade IV (n=38). Ten normal brain tissues that were resected for intracranial decompression after traumatic brain injuries served as control group. The expression of IL-37 mRNA and protein in glioma tissues was determined using Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. The association between IL-37 expression and various clinicopathologic factors was evaluated. Results: IL-37 mRNA was expressed in normal tissues and tumor tissues, and the expression of IL-37 in tumor tissues were significantly higher than normal brain tissue (p<0.05). IL-37 expression showed decline with the increase of grade level. The expression of IL-37 was significantly lower in glioma tissues of a high malignancy compared with the glioma tissues of a low malignancy. Patients with low IL-37 expression showed a shorter survival time. Conclusions: Low IL-37 expression was negatively correlated with pathological grade, rather than pathological type. Low IL-37 was positively correlated with survival time. Thus, IL-37 maybe plays an inhibitory role in glioma progression.

scholarly journals CDCA3 Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Zhihuai Wang ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Gaochao Wang ◽  
Sun Li ◽  
Xihu Qin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Immune Infiltration ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Tissues

Cell division cycle-associated protein-3 (CDCA3) contributes to the regulation of the cell cycle. CDCA3 plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of various cancers; however, the association between CDCA3 expression, prognosis of patients, and immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment is still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that CDCA3 was differentially expressed between the tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues using in silico analysis in the ONCOMINE and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases. We analyzed the relationship between the expression of CDCA3 and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the Kaplan–Meier plotter database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Furthermore, we determined the prognostic value of CDCA3 expression using univariate and multivariate analyses. We observed that CDCA3 expression closely correlated with immune infiltration and gene markers of infiltrating immune cells in the TIMER database. CDCA3 was highly expressed in the tumor tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues in various cancers, including HCC. Increased expression of CDCA3 was accompanied by poorer overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). The correlation between CDCA3 expression and OS and disease-free survival (DFS) was also studied using GEPIA. CDCA3 expression was associated with the levels of immune cell infiltration and was positively correlated with tumor purity. Moreover, CDCA3 expression was associated with gene markers such as PD-1, CTLA4, LAG3, and TIM-3 from exhausted T cells, CD3D, CD3E, and CD2 from T cells, and TGFB1 and CCR8 located on the surface of Tregs. Thus, we demonstrated that CDCA3 may be a potential target and biomarker for the management and diagnosis of HCC.

scholarly journals Targeting UCP2 Suppresses the FAK Signaling and Progression of Human Head and Neck Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Zhao ◽  
Cherie Ann Nathan ◽  
Chunjing Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Du ◽  
Manikandan Panchatcharam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Lactate Formation

Background: New adjuvant therapies for human head and neck (H&N) cancer to improve the quality of life of the patients are in great demand. Our early studies have demonstrated that uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is upregulated in the tumor tissues of H&N cancer compared to the adjacent normal tissues; however, the role of UCP2 in H&N cancer has not been studied. Objective: In this manuscript, we aim to examine whether UCP2 contributes to H&N cancer progression in vitro. Methods: We generated UCP2 stable knockdown H&N cancer cells and detected the effects of UCP2 inhibition on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, 3D spheroid formation, and the sensitivity to a chemodrug treatment. Results: Knockdown of UCP2 suppressed the progression of H&N cancer in vitro, which might be mediated via the following mechanism: 1) increased the G1 phase whereas decreased the S phase of the cell cycle, which could be mediated by suppression of the G1/S regulators including CDK4/6 and cyclin D1. 2) Decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, ATP production, and lactate formation, which is consistent with the downregulation of c-Myc. 3) FAK may serve as the upstream signaling molecule, and its action was mediated by Akt and ERK. Conclusions: Our studies first demonstrate that targeting UCP2 may suppress H&N cancer progression in vitro.

scholarly journals Multiple-biological matrices metabolomics identified new metabolite biomarkers for the precise diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and associated tissue metastasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xialin Luo ◽  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
Huaizhi Wang ◽  
Haitao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Glycocholic Acid ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

AbstractPurposeTo improve clinical diagnosis and enhance therapeutic outcome, we figure out to identify and validate metabolite biomarkers from the plasma samples of patients with pancreatic cancer that can easily, sensitively and efficiently diagnose the onsite progression, and metastasis of the disease.Experimental DesignWe employed the newly developed precision-targeted metabolomics method to validate that many differential metabolites have the capacity to markedly distinguish patients with pancreatic cancer from healthy controls. To further enhance the specificity and selectivity of metabolite biomarkers, a dozen tumor tissues from PC patients and paired normal tissues were used to clinically validate the biomarker performance.ResultsWe eventually verified five new metabolite biomarkers in plasma (creatine, inosine, beta-sitosterol, sphinganine and glycocholic acid), which can be used to readily diagnose pancreatic cancer in a clinical setting. Excitingly, we proposed a panel biomarker by integrating these five individual metabolites into one pattern, demonstrating much higher accuracy and specificity to precisely diagnose pancreatic cancer than conventional biomarkers (CA125, CA19-9, CA242 and CEA); Moreover, we characterized succinic acid and gluconic acid as having a great capability to monitor the progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer at different stages.ConclusionsTaken together, this metabolomics method was used to identify and validate metabolite biomarkers that can precisely and sensitively diagnose the onsite progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer in a clinical setting. Furthermore, such effort should leave clinicians with the correct time frame to facilitate early and efficiently therapeutic interventions, which could largely improve the five-year survival rate of PC patients.

Mechanisms of displacement of sperm basic nuclear proteins in mammals. An in vitro simulation of post-fertilization results

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
T.C. Rodman ◽  
F.H. Pruslin ◽  
V.G. Allfrey
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Nucleus ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Mouse Sperm ◽  
Basic Proteins ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
In Vitro Simulation ◽  
Sperm Nuclei ◽  
Two Parameters

A standardized cytological preparation of mature mouse sperm has been devised to serve as an in vitro system for probing the intra-ooplasmic molecular events of transformation of the fertilizing sperm. Two parameters of the early phase of transformation in vivo are defined at the resolution of the light microscope: deletion of sperm-unique nuclear proteins, detectable by immunofluorescence, and retention of homogeneity of the residual DNA complex, with intact chromatin boundaries detectable by ethidium bromide staining. These studies show that both parameters are conserved when in vitro sperm preparations are treated with NaCl under reducing conditions. The deletion of 2 different classes of the unique basic proteins of mouse sperm nuclei is specified by the NaCl concentration: 0.7 M-NaCl displaces the non-protamine class but not the protamines, while 1 M-NaCl displaces both. On the other hand the effects of treatment with trypsin at various concentrations and intervals are less consistent with the in vivo parameters, indicating fragmentation and displacement, not only of the sperm-unique basic proteins, but also of structural proteins believed to maintain the fundamental cohesive organization of the DNA matrix. These observations suggest that mechanisms other than proteolysis, e.g. localized changes in ionic concentrations, may participate in the post-fertilization displacement of the sperm-unique nuclear proteins in vivo. This study also supports the validity of the in vitro simulation as a model with which to probe the progression of transformation of the sperm nucleus to the zygote pronucleus.

scholarly journals The Intersection between Oral Microbiota, Host Gene Methylation and Patient Outcomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3425
Author(s):  
Zigui Chen ◽  
Po Yee Wong ◽  
Cherrie W. K. Ng ◽  
Linlin Lan ◽  
Sherwood Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Tumor Tissues

The role of oral microbiota in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is poorly understood. Here we sought to evaluate the association of the bacterial microbiome with host gene methylation and patient outcomes, and to explore its potential as a biomarker for early detection or intervention. Here we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in sixty-eight HNSCC patients across both tissue and oral rinse samples to identify oral bacteria with differential abundance between HNSCC and controls. A subset of thirty-one pairs of HNSCC tumor tissues and the adjacent normal tissues were characterized for host gene methylation profile using bisulfite capture sequencing. We observed significant enrichments of Fusobacterium and Peptostreptococcus in HNSCC tumor tissues when compared to the adjacent normal tissues, and in HNSCC oral rinses when compared to healthy subjects, while ten other bacterial genera were largely depleted. These HNSCC-related bacteria were discriminative for HNSCC and controls with area under the receiver operating curves (AUCs) of 0.84 and 0.86 in tissue and oral rinse samples, respectively. Moreover, Fusobacterium nucleatum abundance in HNSCC cases was strongly associated with non-smokers, lower tumor stage, lower rate of recurrence, and improved disease-specific survival. An integrative analysis identified that enrichment of F. nucleatum was associated with host gene promoter methylation, including hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes LXN and SMARCA2, for which gene expressions were downregulated in the HNSCC cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas. In conclusion, we identified a taxonomically defined microbial consortium associated with HNSCC that may have clinical potential regarding biomarkers for early detection or intervention. Host–microbe interactions between F. nucleatum enrichment and clinical outcomes or host gene methylation imply a potential role of F. nucleatum as a pro-inflammatory driver in initiating HNSCC without traditional risk factors, which warrants further investigation for the underlying mechanisms.

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