scholarly journals PEROXISOMES IN INNER ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS OF FETAL AND ADULT GUINEA PIGS

1973 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia H. Black ◽  
Bruce I. Bogart
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Zona Reticularis

Abundant membrane-bounded granules, 0.1–0.45 µm in diameter, occur among the elements of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in zona fasciculata and zona reticularis adrenocortical cells of guinea pigs. Acid phosphatase cannot be cytochemically demonstrated in them, and they are therefore distinct from lysosomes. Incubation in medium containing 3,3'-diaminobenzidine results in dense staining of the granules, identifying them as peroxisomes. These small peroxisomes increase in number as fetal adrenocortical cells differentiate, and they appear to arise from dilated regions of endoplasmic reticulum. They maintain interconnections with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and with one another.

scholarly journals Peroxisomes in pulmonate gastropods.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Dannen ◽  
M E Beard
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Arion Ater ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Granular Matrix

Organelles with the morphologic characteristics of peroxisomes have been found in the cells of the kidney sac of two terrestrial pulmonate gastropods. Arion ater and Ariolimax columbianus. These peroxisomes appear in profile as circles or ellipses, 0.25 micron in diameter and 0.3-0.8 micron long; They have a finely granular matrix and a single-limiting membrane; the organelles are extensively associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Some Ariolimax peroxisomes contained structures reminiscent of nucleoids while those of Arion did not. The peroxisomes of Arion ater show a strongly-positive staining reaction with the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine technique, which is inhibited in the presence of aminotriazole. Peroxisomes of Ariolimax columbianus did not show a positive reaction, despite a number of variations of the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine protocol. Speculations are made concerning the biochemical reasons for this cytochemical behavior. Peroxisomes in both tissues were negatively stained while lysosomes were positively stained in acid-phosphatase incubations.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF PEROXISOMES IN THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARET E. BEARD
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Zona Reticularis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Branched Structures ◽  
Electron Dense Matrix

Organelles with the ultrastructure and cytochemical characteristics of peroxisomes (microbodies) have been identified in cells of the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the rat adrenal cortex. These peroxisomes appear as small, elliptical to spherical or branched structures, enclosed by a single membrane and composed of a moderately electron-dense matrix. They do not possess a nucleoid or core of the type found in peroxisomes of liver and kidney. These organelles show a strongly positive staining reaction with the diaminobenzidine technique for peroxidatic activity of catalase. This staining is inhibited by aminotriazole. In cytochemical preparations revealing acid phosphatase activity, lysosomes are strongly stained and peroxisomes are free of reaction product.

scholarly journals Regulation of acid phosphatase activity in human promyelocytic leukemic cells induced to differentiate in culture.

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vorbrodt ◽  
P Meo ◽  
G Rovera
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Leukemic Cell ◽  
Time Sequence ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Leukemic Cell Line ◽  
Faint Band ◽  
Induction Of Differentiation ◽  
Sequence Study

Induction of differentiation of a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL60) in culture is accompanied by changes in acid phosphatase (Acpase) activity. The increase in activity is less than twofold when the leukemic cells are stimulated by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to differentiate into metamyelocytes and granulocytes but is eightfold when the cells are stimulated by the tumor-promoting agent 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to differentiate into macrophage-like cells. Five different isozymes of Acpase were separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isozyme 1, the most anodal isozyme, was found to be present in undifferentiated, DMSO-treated and TPA-treated cells; isozyme 2 was a very faint band observed both in DMSO- and TPA-treated cells, the isoenzymes 3a and 3b were present only in TPA-induced cells; and isozyme 4, the most cathodal isozyme, was present both in TPA- and DMSO-induced cells. A time sequence study on the appearance of the various forms after TPA treatment indicated that the expression of the isozymes is regulated in an uncoordinated fashion. Acpase activity has been shown by ultrastructural cytochemistry to be localized in the entire rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and in areas of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) located near the Golgi complex in differentiating cells but to be extremely weak, if at all detectable, in undifferentiated promyelocytes.

THE HISTOGENESIS OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN THE FOETAL SHEEP

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Robinson ◽  
Elisabeth J. Rowe ◽  
E. Marelyn Wintour
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Zona Fasciculata

ABSTRACT The cortex of sheep foetal adrenal glands from 25 days gestation until newborn (term equals 147 ± 3 days) were examined by light and electron microscopy. Three stages of development are of particular importance in relating structure to function: 1) from 35 to 60 days, 2) from 60 to 120 days and 3) from 120 days to term. Between 35 and 60 days one cortical cell type predominated. It contained mitochondria with lamellar and vesicular cristae, scattered long strands of granular endoplasmic reticulum and only small amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. After about 60 days two zones were apparent in the cortex and chromaffin cells became concentrated in the medulla. After 80 days the outer zone contained cells which resembled mature zona glomerulosa cells and the cells in the inner zone remained like those seen between 35 and 60 days, except they contained even less smooth endoplasmic reticulum. However, after about 90 days a small number of deep inner zone cells contained mitochondria with vesicular cristae which thus resemble mitochondria in the mature zona fasciculata. From about 120 days there was an increase in the number of cells in the inner zone that contained mitochondria with vesicular cristae. These cells also contained substantial quantities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. At term most inner zone cells have this mature appearance. Thus there is no "foetal cortex" in the sheep analogous to that found in human adrenal development, i. e. there is no prominent zone of cells containing large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum which is present throughout most of the foetal period of development, and which regresses at birth. The structure of the cells present between 35 and 60 days was unexpected because it has been shown previously that sheep foetal adrenals of this age are capable of producing relatively large quantities of steroid hormones. However, the appearance of cells resembling mature zona glomerulosa cells at about 80 days correlates with the previously demonstrated ability of sheep adrenal glands of this age to produce relatively large quantities of aldosterone. The rapid development of numbers of mature cells in the last 3 weeks of gestation correlates with the previously described ability of near term sheep foetal adrenals to produce very large quantities of steroid hormones.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE CYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF MICROBODIES (PEROXISOMES) IN GREAT ALVEOLAR CELLS OF RODENTS, RABBIT AND MONKEY

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVELINE E. SCHNEEBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Endogenous Peroxidase ◽  
Light Staining

Lungs from rodents, lagomorphs and primates were briefly fixed in purified glutaraldehyde and incubated with diaminobenzidene and peroxide at pH 7.6 for the demonstration of peroxidase activity and at pH 9.0 for the demonstration of peroxidatic activity of catalase. Great alveolar cells of all animals except the rabbit contained round to elongated microbodies that stained at pH 9.0. In mice, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the perinuclear cisternae of these cells were also stained. At pH 7.6 there was no staining of great alveolar cells in any species, except in mice, where a light staining of the endoplasmic reticulum, perinuclear cisternae and microbodies persisted. In rodents, microbodies ranged in diameter from 0.13 µ in mice to 0.22 µ in guinea pigs. In monkeys they measured approximately 0.15 µ. Microbodies were not identified with certainty in rabbit great alveolar cells. In rodents the ratio of microbodies to mitochondria was roughly 1:1, whereas in primates it was roughly 1:2. Using appropriate inhibitors it was concluded that staining at pH 9.0 was due to peroxidatic activity of catalase within peroxisomes. Extraperoxisomal staining in mice was attributed to endogenous peroxidase.

CHOLESTEROL AND STEROID SYNTHESIZING SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM OF ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS CONTAINS HIGH LEVELS OF TRANSLOCATION APPARATUS PROTEINS

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Black ◽  
A. Sanjay ◽  
K. van Leyen ◽  
I. Möeller ◽  
B. Lauring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells

scholarly journals GOLGI APPARATUS, GERL, AND LYSOSOMES OF NEURONS IN RAT DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA, STUDIED BY THICK SECTION AND THIN SECTION CYTOCHEMISTRY

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis M. Novikoff ◽  
Alex B. Novikoff ◽  
Nelson Quintana ◽  
Jean-Jacques Hauw
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Golgi Stack ◽  
Golgi Element ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase

New insights into the ultrastructure and phosphatase localizations of Golgi apparatus and GERL, and into the probable origin of lysosomes in the neurons of fetal dorsal root ganglia and the small neurons of adult ganglia have come from studying thick (0.5–1.0 µ) as well as thin (up to 500 A) sections by conventional electron microscopy. Tilting the thick specimens, by a goniometer stage, has helped to increase our understanding of the three-dimensional aspects of the Golgi apparatus and GERL. One Golgi element, situated at the inner aspect of the Golgi stack, displays thiamine pyrophosphatase and nucleoside diphosphatase activities. This element exhibits regular geometric arrays (hexagons) of interconnected tubules without evidence of a flattened portion (saccule or cisterna). In contrast, GERL shows acid phosphatase activity and possesses small cisternal portions and anastomosing tubules. Lysosomes appear to bud from GERL. Osmium deposits, following prolonged osmication, are found in the outer Golgi element. Serial 0.5-µ and thin sections of thiamine pyrophosphatase-incubated material demonstrate that, in the neurons studied, the Golgi apparatus is a continuous network coursing through the cytoplasm. Serial thick sections of acid phosphatase-incubated tissue suggest that GERL is also a continuous structure throughout the cytoplasm. Tubules of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, possibly part of GERL, extend into the polygonal compartments of the inner Golgi element. The possible physiological significance of a polygonal arrangement of a phosphatase-rich Golgi element in proximity to smooth ER is considered. A tentative diagram of the Golgi stack and associated endoplasmic reticulum in these neurons has been drawn.

CULTURED ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS IN VARIOUS STATES OF DIFFERENTIATION: ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. SLAVINSKI-TURLEY ◽  
N. AUERSPERG
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Lipid Inclusions

The ultrastructure and response to ACTH of subcultured rat adrenocortical cells in two morphological and functional states are described. Fibroblastic cortical cells, which produce low levels of corticosterone, resembled myoid cells from the adrenal capsule: they formed fibrous extracellular matrix and basement membranes and contained dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), cytofilaments resembling those of smooth muscle and lamellar mitochondrial cristae. Stimulation with ACTH for 3 days increased steroid production from 0·01 to 0·56 μg 106 cells−1 24 h−1, increased the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and greatly reduced the amounts of RER, cytofilaments, basement membranes and extracellular matrix, but did not change the mitochondrial structure. Different culture conditions produced epithelial cells which secreted high levels of corticosterone, lacked extracellular matrix, basement membranes and cytofilament accumulations but contained large lipid inclusions, SER and many mitochondria with lamellar or tubulolamellar cristae and electron-dense mitochondrial matrix bodies. Stimulation with ACTH for 3 days caused an increase in steroid production from 2·3 to 30·4 μg 106 cells−1 24 h−1, an increase in the number of Golgi complexes and the amount of SER as well as a reduction in the number of mitochondrial matrix bodies and lipid inclusions. However, no ultrastructural change occurred in the mitochondrial cristae. In both forms of cell, ACTH induced a transient increase in gap junctions. These and previous results suggest that subcultured adrenocortical cells in the fibroblastic form represent stem cells, possibly originating from the capsule, whose level of differentiation can be increased by ACTH as well as by specific culture conditions.

The ultrastructure of the saccus vasculosus of teleost fishes I. The coronet cell

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJR Lanzing ◽  
Lennep EW van
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharide ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Saccus Vasculosus ◽  
Coronet Cell ◽  
Simultaneous Growth

The ultrastucture of the coronet cell of a large number of teleosts belonging to different orders was investigated. Tubular and vesicular components of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum occur in coronet cells and in globules of all the species examined. Cell organelles such as lysosomes, Golgi systems, and mitochondria are predominantly located in the basal region of the cell. Modifications of the endoplasmic reticulum include whorls and vacuoles as well as honeycomb systems. In malacopterygian teleosts rootlets and filaments instead of microtubules occur frequently. The possibility of interconversion between these organelles is discussed. Acid phosphatase is found mainly in the lysosomes, but the granules contained in the stalked globules often contain acid mucopolysaccharide. It is suggested that new globules are formed by a process of pinching off of parts of the apical protrusion and the simultaneous growth of a modified cilium into it.

scholarly journals Elimination of excess smooth endoplasmic reticulum after phenobarbital administration.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 997-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Feldman ◽  
R L Swarm ◽  
J Becker
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Kupffer Cell ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Phenobarbital Administration ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Reaction

Livers from Charles River rats during and after treatment with phenobarbital were studied in order to investigate possible mechanisms involved in the elimination of excess smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The most pronounced structural change during compound administration was proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum; depletion of glycogen and an increase in lipid deposits were also observed. After termination of treatment, these changes were reversed. The appearance of an increased number of autophage vacuoles and lysosomes plus the localization of acid phosphatase reaction product in these bodies suggests autophagy as one possible mechanism for the elimination of excess smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Cytoplasmic blebs and fragments replete with smooth endoplasmic reticulum were observed within the sinusoids. The presence of Kupffer cell cytoplasmic extensions surrounding these fragments and acid phosphatase reaction product within Kupffer cell inclusions suggests heterophagy as another process participating in the removal of excess smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

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