scholarly journals CHANGES IN CHROMATIN TEMPLATE ACTIVITY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DNA SYNTHESIS IN MOUSE PAROTID GLANDS STIMULATED BY ISOPROTERENOL

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Novi ◽  
Renato Baserga
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Template Activity ◽  
Exogenous Rna ◽  
Chromatin Template ◽  
Liver Chromatin

Chromatin template activity of mouse parotid glands increases after a single injection of isoproterenol (IPR), a procedure that causes, after a lag period of 20 hr, a marked stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell division in salivary glands of rodents. The increase in chromatin template activity occurs as early as 1 hr and peaks between 6 and 10 hr after IPR, paralleling previously reported changes in the incorporation of uridine-3H into total cellular RNA of mouse parotids. Template activity was measured in vitro in a system in which parotid gland chromatin was incubated with an exogenous RNA polymerase isolated from Escherichia coli. Similar results were obtained when template activity of parotid gland chromatin was assayed using an homologous RNA polymerase from mouse liver. Chromatin template activity in mouse parotids was also studied after the administration of drugs capable of inducing in salivary glands both DNA synthesis and secretion or secretion alone. The results indicate that the increased chromatin template activity occurring 6 hr after IPR is related to the subsequent onset of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, the increased chromatin template activity caused by IPR is inhibited by the previous administration of puromycin, an inhibitor of IPR-stimulated DNA synthesis.

scholarly journals Characterization of double-stranded ribonucleic acid sequences present in the initial transcription products of rat liver chromatin

1977 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Pays
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Complementary Sequences ◽  
Exogenous Rna ◽  
Liver Chromatin ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

At low ionic strength and with a low exogenous RNA polymerase/DNA ratio, rat liver chromatin directs the synthesis in vitro of RNA sequences rich in double-stranded segments. All the transcripts contain at least one double-stranded sequence. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. They are heterogeneous in size, 35-45% of them being more than 80 nucleotides long. They contain 61-64% G+C, whether synthesized by rat liver RNA polymerase (form B) or Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The largest double-stranded sequences are found in the largest transcripts, and are the most thermostable. The fidelity of base-matching is better in double-stranded transcripts synthesized on rat liver chromatin by homologous polymerase than in those synthesized on it by a bacterial polymerase, or in those synthesized by either of the two polymerases on pure DNA.

ELIMINATION OF RADIOIODINE BY THE SHEEP PAROTID GLAND AFTER [131I]l-TRI-IODOTHYRONINE ADMINISTRATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
A. ŚLEBODZIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Sheep Parotid

SUMMARY A study was made of the metabolism of [131I]l-tri-iodothyronine ([131I]T3), in sheep with a unilateral fistula of the parotid gland. After [131I]T3 injection a constant rise in radioactivity in the saliva and a decline in the radioactivity of the serum were found; detectable amounts of radioiodine reentered the circulation from the metabolized hormone after 1 h. Gel filtration showed that the radioactivity in the collected saliva was due to inorganic [131I]iodide. Such an effect might be caused by deiodination [131I]T3 which occurs in sheep parotid glands in vitro. The presence of tracer amounts of hormonal radioiodine in individual sheep could not be excluded. Non-specific deiodinating enzymes may exist in sheep parotid salivary glands.

Oligo(A)-stimulated Tetrahymena rDNA synthesis in vitro

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Ganz ◽  
Gyorgy B. Kiss ◽  
Ronald E. Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Replication Proteins ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Double Stranded Dna

The synthesis of Tetrahymena rDNA has been examined using purified DNA polymerase and partially purified preparations of homologous replication enzymes (fraction IV). DNA synthesis with purified DNA polymerase alone was less than that with fraction IV enzymes. This suggested that there were additional factors in fraction IV other than DNA polymerase which contributed to or enhanced rDNA synthesis in vitro. Neither hybridization of rDNA with Tetrahymena ribosomal RNA nor preincubation of rDNA with homologous or heterologous RNA polymerase served to stimulate in vitro synthesis by fraction IV enzymes. However, when rDNA was hybridized with oligoriboadenylate, DNA synthesis using fraction IV was stimulated approximately 4- to 4.5-fold over 150 min of incubation, relative to a similarly treated but unhybridized rDNA control. Using oligoriboadenylate-hybridized EcoR1 and HindIII restriction fragments of rDNA to localize the synthesis most of the in vitro synthesis occurred within a 2.4 × 106 Mr fragment encompassing the centre of the rDNA molecule. The approach of hybridizing a synthetic homooligoribonucleotide primer to double-stranded DNA should prove to be of general applicability in designing similar template–primers in other systems for the purpose of isolating replication proteins.

FUNCTIONAL DISORDERSOF THE SALIVARY GLANDS IN PATIENTS WITH COMPRESSION AND DISLOCATION DYSFUNCTION OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT AND THEIR CORRECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1695-1698
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Rybalov ◽  
Pavel I. Yatsenko ◽  
Olga Yu. Andriyanova ◽  
Elena S. Ivanytska ◽  
Maria A. Korostashova
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Before And After

The aim: Is to assess the functional state of parotid glands and general secretion in patients with compression, dislocation dysfunction of TMJ, to correct the revealed disorders. Materials and methods: We examined 46 patients with dysfunction of TMJ. Examination included TMJ zonography and salivary glands sonography. We studied the general and parotid secretion, transparency, viscosity, pH of the oral fluid and the secretions of the parotid glands before and after treatment. The treatment of dysfunction and hyposialosis included the repositioning of the articular heads of the lower jaw in the correct anatomical position, the use of a repositioning plate on the posterior teeth at the compression side of the articular head, bougienage of the duct of the parotid gland, administration of 10% magnesium-mineral solution of bischofite into the gland. Results: In patients with TMJ dysfunction, a significant decrease in the oral fluid content was noted before treatment. The saliva transparency was reduced, the viscosity was increased, the pH was slightly acidic. A study, which was carried out a month after completion of the course of treatment showed that all the studied parameters corresponded to those in healthy individuals. Conclusions: The study confirmed that in compression and dislocation dysfunction of TMJ, there are disorders of the functional state of the salivary glands.

A possible function of Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA): Stimulation of chromatin template activity in vitro

Virology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tohru Kamata ◽  
Shigeaki Tanaka ◽  
Shogo Aikawa ◽  
Yorio Hinuma ◽  
Yasushi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Template Activity ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Chromatin Template ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Stimulation Of

Bilateral aplasia of parotid glands correlated with accessory parotid tissue

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Z Antoniades ◽  
A K Markopoulos ◽  
E Deligianni ◽  
D Andreadis
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Developmental Disturbances ◽  
Gland Tissue

Congenital absence of major salivary glands, especially the parotid gland, is a rare entity. It is usually monolateral and is not correlated with accessory salivary gland tissue. Aplasia of parotid gland may occur alone or in association with abnormalities of other salivary glands, first branchial arch developmental disturbances or other congenital anomalies.We report an interesting case of bilateral aplasia of the parotid glands together with bilateral accessory parotid tissue, without other congenital or developmental anomalies, and we describe the clinical and radiological findings.

scholarly journals IS THERE AN EARLY ULTRASONOGRAPHIC PATTERN IN SALIVARY GLANDS IN BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SJÖGREN SYNDROME?

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Vasilia Iorgoveanu ◽  
◽  
Violeta Bojinca ◽  
Madalina Gheorghe ◽  
Diana Mazilu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Left And Right

Background. Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates in exocrine organs. Ultrasonography (US) demonstrates specificity and sensibility in major salivary glands (SG) evaluation. Recent data confirm US might be used as primary evaluation technique for its ability to show structural alterations of parenchyma (1). Objective. To assess the gray scale (GS) parenchymal inhomogeneity of major SG in patients with established primary and secondary SS and correlate with clinical and biological data. Methods. Consecutive patients with SS were recruited and SG US was performed. Inhomogeneity of glandular parenchyma was quantified binary on each gland. ESSDAI and ESSPRI scores were calculated. Statistics was performed with SPSS. Results. Twenty one (42.85% primary SS, 90.47% female) consecutive patients were included. Mean age was 53.66+/-12.99 years and disease duration 5.33+/-3.74 years. Antibody SSA/SSB presence was found in 85.7% (18/21). ESSDAI mean was 8.67+/-8.9 (0-29), ESSPRI 10.13+/-5.59(0-20). There were no differences regarding ESSDAI and ESSPRI in the two groups (primary and secondary SS). Right parotid gland showed alterations in 71.4% patients (77% with primary SS, 66% with secondary SS). Frequently inhomogeneity was found in all major SG (33%, 22% left and right submandibular, 77%, 44.4% left and right parotid glands) in primary SS. Both submandibular glands were symmetrically involved (p<0.02). Duration of disease was negatively correlated to inhomogeneity of right parotid gland (p<0.02). Conclusion. Inhomogeneity in major SG in GS US was found in the majority of patients with primary and secondary SS. The symmetrical involvement of submandibular glands was significant. The inhomogeneity appears in the early period of diagnosis. No major differences were found between two groups.

scholarly journals Template activity of chromatin during stimulation of cellular proliferation in human diploid fibroblasts

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Farber ◽  
Giovanni Rovera ◽  
Renato Baserga
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Foetal Calf Serum ◽  
Template Activity ◽  
Diploid Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Diploid Fibroblasts ◽  
Chromatin Template ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Contact-inhibited confluent monolayers of WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts can be stimulated to divide by replacing the medium with fresh medium containing 30′ foetal calf serum. 2. Of the cells 40–75′ are stimulated to divide with a peak DNA synthesis between 15 and 21h and a peak mitotic index between 28 and 30h after stimulation. 3. In the first 12h before the initiation of DNA synthesis there is a biphasic increase in the incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA of whole cells. 4. This is paralleled by a similar biphasic stimulation of chromatin template activity measured in vitro in a system in which purified cell chromatin is incubated with an exogenous RNA polymerase isolated from Escherichia coli. 5. The changes in chromatin template activity are believed to represent activation of the genome, with more sites available for RNA synthesis, and to account almost entirely for the changes in RNA synthesis occurring in the whole cell.

Biophysical and Morphological Properties of Parasympathetic Neurons Controling the Parotid and von Ebner Salivary Glands in Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Fukami ◽  
Robert M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽  
Parasympathetic Neurons ◽  
Discharge Patterns ◽  
Repetitive Discharge

The inferior salivatory nucleus (ISN) contains parasympathetic neurons controlling the parotid and von Ebner salivary glands. To characterize the neurophysiological and morphological properties of these neurons, intracellular recordings were made from anatomically identified ISN neurons in rat brain slices. Neurons were also filled with Lucifer yellow and morphometrically analyzed. Based on responses to membrane hyperpolarization followed by depolarization, three types of repetitive discharge patterns were defined for neurons innervating the parotid gland. The regular, repetitive discharge response to membrane depolarization was changed by hyperpolarization resulting either in a delay in the occurrence of the first spike or to an increase in the length of the first interspike interval in the action potential train. Membrane hyperpolarization had little effect on the discharge pattern of some neurons. Similar response discharge patterns were found for neurons innervating the von Ebner salivary gland, which also included a further group of neurons that responded with a short burst of action potentials. Neurons innervating the parotid salivary glands differed morphologically from the von Ebner salivary glands having significantly larger soma and more and longer dendrites than von Ebner gland neurons. In addition, the mean membrane input resistance, time constant, and spike half-width of parotid gland neurons was significantly lower than in von Ebner gland neurons. These differences in intrinsic membrane properties and morphology may relate to the functions of the von Ebner and parotid glands. von Ebner glands are involved in taste stimulus delivery and removal from posterior tongue papillae while the parotid glands contribute saliva to the entire mouth.

scholarly journals Activity, distribution and regulation of phosphofructokinase in salivary gland of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Nicolau ◽  
Douglas Nesadal Souza ◽  
Fernando Neves Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Phosphate Content ◽  
Soluble Enzyme ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
And Control

Although the influence of diabetes on salivary glands is well studied, it still presents conflicting results. In this work, the regulation of the phosphofructokinase-1 enzyme (PFK-1) was studied utilizing the salivary glands of rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/Kg of body weight) in rats (180-200 g). The animals were killed 30 days after the induction of diabetes and the submandibular and parotid salivary glands were used. Hyperglycemia was evaluated by blood sugar determination. The distribution of PFK-1 between the soluble and cytoskeleton fractions, the phosphate content of PFK-1, the content of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and the activity of the PFK-2 enzyme were determined. The calculated relative glandular weight showed a higher value for the parotid gland in comparison with the control, but not for the submandibular gland. The activity of PFK-1 expressed per gland showed no variation between diabetic and control animals. However, considering the specific activity, the soluble enzyme presented a value 50% higher than that of the control and the cytoskeleton bound form increased by 84% compared to the control. For the parotid gland, no difference in the specific activity between diabetic and control animals was observed. On the other hand, the activity per gland of the soluble enzyme increased in the diabetic animals. The phosphate content of PFK-1 increased in the submandibular and parotid glands of diabetic rats. Both the content of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and the active form of PFK-2 were reduced in the diabetic glands. In conclusion, the increase in the activity of PFK-1 observed in the salivary glands of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes does not seem to be due to its modulator fructose-2,6-bisphosphate.

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