scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF OSMOTIC FLOW ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE WITHIN THE INTERCELLULAR SPACES OF TOAD BLADDER EPITHELIUM

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Wade ◽  
Vincent A. Discala
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Toad Bladder ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Osmotic Flow

Horseradish Peroxidase Permeation from the Capillaries of the Stria Vascularis after Inoculation of Endotoxin into the Middle Ear

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Watanabe ◽  
Yasuo Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Basal Turn ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles ◽  
Marginal Cells ◽  
Intermediate Cells

Escherichia coli-derived endotoxin was inoculated in the middle ear of guinea pigs 24 hours after being injected intraperitoneally. Twenty-four hours after the middle ear inoculation, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected via the femoral vein and the permeability of HRP through the capillaries of the stria vascularis and the destination of the leaked HRP were examined. A large amount of HRP leaked out of the capillary through the opened endothelial cell junctions and penetrated the enlarged intercellular spaces. Leaked HRP entered the pinocytotic vesicles of the intermediate cells. Even slightly degenerated intermediate cells retained this function. The HRP penetrated the spongelike structure of the marginal cells leading to the intercellular space. This structure was not observed without endotoxin. The HRP could not pass to the cochlear duct through the tight junctions between marginal cells. Blood sludging was observed in the strial capillaries. It appeared more frequently in the upper three turns than in the basal turn. The HRP leakage out of the capillaries was observed not only in the upper three turns but also in the basal turn.

scholarly journals THE PATHWAY BETWEEN HYALOID BLOOD AND RETINAL NEURONS IN THE TOAD

1967 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Lasansky
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Retinal Neurons ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Inner Surface

The hyaloid vessels form a capillary network on the inner surface of the retina. These capillaries are embedded in the vitreous humor, and they lack a glial investment. The intercellular spaces of the retina communicate with the ocular cavity, as can be evidenced by following the penetration of tracer substances. Hence, there is an extracellular diffusion pathway between hyaloid capillaries and retinal neurons, without interposition of glial cells. Trypan blue and ferrocyanide were not detected within the vitreous humor nor the retina after systemic injection. To this extent, at least, the hyaloid capillaries functionally resemble central nervous system capillaries. Intravascular injections of horseradish peroxidase established the absence of vesicular transfer across the endothelium of the hyaloid capillaries. In addition, quintuple-layered junctions between endothelial cells prevented the intercellular passage of the enzyme. It is likely, therefore, that the only pathway across the endothelium of the hyaloid capillaries is through the plasmalemma of the endothelial cells.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ABSORPTION OF TRACER MATERIALS BY TOAD URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIUM

1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Kwon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Toad Urinary Bladder ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Tracer Particles

The absorption of Thorotrast and saccharated iron oxide by the epithelium of the toad urinary bladder was studied by electron microscopy. Whether the toads were hydrated, dehydrated, or given Pitressin, no significant differences in transport of colloidal particles by epithelial cells were observed. This implies that these physiological factors had little effect on the transport of the tracer particles. Tracer particles were encountered in three types of epithelial cells which line the bladder lumen, but most frequently in the mitochondria-rich cells. Tracer materials were incorporated into the cytoplasm of epithelial cells after being adsorbed to the coating layer covering the luminal surface of the cells. In the intermediate stage (1 to 3 hours after introducing tracer) particles were present in small vesicles, tubules, and multivesicular bodies. In the later stages (up to 65 hours), the particles were more commonly seen to be densely packed within large membrane-bounded bodies which were often found near the Golgi region. These large bodies probably were formed by the fusion of small vesicles. Irrespective of the stages of absorption, no particles were found in the intercellular spaces or in the submucosa. Particles apparently did not penetrate the intercellular spaces of the epithelium beyond the level of the tight junction.

scholarly journals Triglyceride formation and hydrolysis by toad bladder epithelium

1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-410
Author(s):  
A.A. Rosenbloom ◽  
P. Elsbach
Keyword(s):  
Toad Bladder ◽  
Bladder Epithelium
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