scholarly journals THE SEPARATION OF DIFFERENT CELL CLASSES FROM LYMPHOID ORGANS

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Shortman ◽  
Neil Williams ◽  
Heather Jackson ◽  
Pamela Russell ◽  
Pauline Byrt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Population ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
Filtration Effect ◽  
Spleen Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphocyte Fraction

Four separate effects can be demonstrated when lymphoid cell suspensions are passed through columns of siliconed glass beads. (a) A temperature-dependent "active adherence" of phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and polymorphs. (b) A temperature-independent and selective trapping by "physical adherence" of particular classes of lymphoid cells, including certain antibody-forming cells. (c) A "size-filtration" effect that traps larger cells, but only becomes significant with beads below 100 µ in diameter. (d) A selective retention of damaged cells, which occurs with all columns under all conditions tested. An active adherence column technique has been developed to separate phagocytes from lymphocytes while minimizing selection within the lymphocyte population by physical adherence or size filtration. In less than 10 min at 37°C it reproducibly produces a preparation of mouse spleen lymphocytes >500-fold depleted of active macrophages, and approximately 50-fold depleted of active polymorphs, with good over-all cell recoveries and cell viability. The lymphocyte fraction appears fully active in its ability to initiate immune responses to at least two different antigens, but is changed in over-all composition and selectively depleted in certain classes of antibody-forming cells.

scholarly journals Non-atopic Neonatal Thymic Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3) Identification and the Modulatory Effect of IgG From Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus (Derp)-Atopic Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamires Rodrigues de Sousa ◽  
Fábio da Ressureição Sgnotto ◽  
Beatriz Oliveira Fagundes ◽  
Alberto José da Silva Duarte ◽  
Jefferson Russo Victor
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Cell ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Dust Mites ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cell ◽  
Human Thymus ◽  
Staining Protocol ◽  
Insight Into

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are classified into distinct subsets termed ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3 cells. The existing literature lacks evidence identifying ILCs and their subsets in the human thymus but already demonstrates that they can exert several functions in regulating immune responses. Furthermore, it was already described that IgG's repertoires could modulate lymphocytes' maturation in the human thymus. Here we aimed to identify ILCs subsets in the human thymus and provide insight into the possible modulatory effect of purified IgG on these cells. Thymic tissues were obtained from 12 infants without an allergic background (non-atopic), and a literature-based peripheral ILCs staining protocol was used. Purified IgG was obtained from non-atopic individuals (n-At), atopic individuals reactive to allergens non-related to dust mites (nr-At), and atopic individuals reactive to the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Derp-At). As with all tissues in which they have already been detected, thymic ILCs are rare, but we could detect viable ILCs in all tested tissues, which did not occur with the ILC1 subset. ILC2 and ILC3 NKp44+ subsets could be detected in all evaluated thymus, but ILC3 NKp44- subset could not. Next, we observed that Derp-At IgG could induce the expression of ILC2 phenotype, higher levels of IL-13, and lower levels of IL-4 when compared to IgG purified from non-atopic or non-related atopic (atopic to allergens excluding dust mites) individuals. These results contribute to the elucidation of human thymic ILCs and corroborate emerging evidence about IgG's premature effect on allergy development-related human lymphocytes' modulation.

scholarly journals IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Memory Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Different Populations

A cell suspension culture system combined with a procedure which separates most macrophages from lymphoid cells was used to investigate some of the cellular requirements for direct and indirect plaque-forming cell responses by nonprimed and primed mouse spleen cells in vitro. The plaque-forming cell response to heterologous erythrocytes in cultures of nonprimed spleen cells required both macrophages and lymphoid cells for its development. A significant indirect plaque-forming cell response did not develop in cultures of nonprimed spleen cells. In contrast, cultures of separated or macrophage-poor lymphoid cells from primed mice exhibited increasing responses relative to the response of unseparated spleen cells as the interval after priming increased. The cultures of separated lymphoid cells were not entirely free of phagocytic cells. Despite some evidence which suggests that these phagocytic cells had little function in the response, one cannot ascertain whether the lymphoid cells were responding directly to a second contact with antigen or whether the few contaminating phagocytic cells were performing a function essential to the response by the lymphoid cells. Physiologically different populations of cells appear to develop after priming and are able to respond in vitro in a macrophage-poor culture. Some of the properties of these populations suggest that they are "memory cell" pools containing precursors of direct and indirect plaque-forming cells highly susceptible to a second antigenic stimulus.

scholarly journals Maintenance of Type 2 Response by CXCR6-Deficient ILC2 in Papain-Induced Lung Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meunier ◽  
Chea ◽  
Garrido ◽  
Perchet ◽  
Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines ◽  
Lymphoid Organogenesis ◽  
Deficient Mice

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are important players of early immune defenses in situations like lymphoid organogenesis or in case of immune response to inflammation, infection and cancer. Th1 and Th2 antagonism is crucial for the regulation of immune responses, however mechanisms are still unclear for ILC functions. ILC2 and NK cells were reported to be both involved in allergic airway diseases and were shown to be able to interplay in the regulation of the immune response. CXCR6 is a common chemokine receptor expressed by all ILC, and its deficiency affects ILC2 and ILC1/NK cell numbers and functions in lungs in both steady-state and inflammatory conditions. We determined that the absence of a specific ILC2 KLRG1+ST2– subset in CXCR6-deficient mice is probably dependent on CXCR6 for its recruitment to the lung under inflammation. We show that despite their decreased numbers, lung CXCR6-deficient ILC2 are even more activated cells producing large amount of type 2 cytokines that could drive eosinophilia. This is strongly associated to the decrease of the lung Th1 response in CXCR6-deficient mice.

Electric field-mediated DNA transfer: transient and stable gene expression in human and mouse lymphoid cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-706
Author(s):  
F Toneguzzo ◽  
A C Hayday ◽  
A Keating
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Lymphoid Cell ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Dna Transfer ◽  
Stable Gene ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Stable Gene Expression ◽  
Lymphoid Cell Lines

The technique of DNA transfer by electroporation was investigated in an effort to evaluate its utility for the identification of developmentally controlled regulatory sequences. Transient and stable gene expression was detected in a variety of lymphoid cell lines subjected to electroporation. No correlation existed between the levels of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA; chloramphenicol 3-O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.28) expression and stable transfection frequency. In all lymphoid cell lines tested, the simian virus 40 early region was a better promoter than was the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat.

scholarly journals T-bet controls intestinal mucosa immune responses via repression of type 2 innate lymphoid cell function

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Garrido-Mesa ◽  
J-H. Schroeder ◽  
E. Stolarczyk ◽  
A. L. Gallagher ◽  
J. W. Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Lymphoid Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cell

scholarly journals Congenital Deficiency of Conventional Dendritic Cells Promotes the Development of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yotaro Nishikawa ◽  
Tomohiro Fukaya ◽  
Takehito Fukui ◽  
Tomofumi Uto ◽  
Hideaki Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Congenital Deficiency ◽  
T Cell Immune Responses ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by impaired epidermal barrier function and dysregulation of Thelper-2 (TH2)-biased immune responses. While the lineage of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are implicated to play decisive roles in T-cell immune responses, their requirement for the development of AD remains elusive. Here, we describe the impact of the constitutive loss of cDCs on the progression of AD-like inflammation by using binary transgenic (Tg) mice that constitutively lacked CD11chi cDCs. Unexpectedly, the congenital deficiency of cDCs not only exacerbates the pathogenesis of AD-like inflammation but also elicits immune abnormalities with the increased composition and function of granulocytes and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) as well as B cells possibly mediated through the breakdown of the Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L)-mediated homeostatic feedback loop. Furthermore, the constitutive loss of cDCs accelerates skin colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), that associated with disease flare. Thus, cDCs maintains immune homeostasis to prevent the occurrence of immune abnormalities to maintain the functional skin barrier for mitigating AD flare.

scholarly journals Host F-box protein 22 enhances the uptake of Brucella by macrophages and drives a sustained release of pro-inflammatory cytokines through degradation of the anti-inflammatory effector proteins of Brucella.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Radhakrishnan ◽  
Varadendra Mazumdar ◽  
Kiranmai Joshi ◽  
Binita Roy Nandi ◽  
Swapna Namani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Scf Complex ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Brucella species are intracellular bacterial pathogens, causing the world-wide zoonotic disease, brucellosis.  Brucella invade professional and non-professional phagocytic cells, followed by resisting intracellular killing and establishing a replication permissive niche. Brucella also modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host for their chronic persistence. The complex intracellular cycle of Brucella majorly depends on multiple host factors but limited information is available on host and bacterial proteins that play essential role in the invasion, intracellular replication and modulation of host immune responses. By employing an siRNA screening, we identified a role for the host protein, FBXO22 in Brucella -macrophage interaction. FBXO22 is the key element in the SCF E3 ubiquitination complex where it determines the substrate specificity for ubiquitination and degradation of various host proteins.  Downregulation of FBXO22 by siRNA or CRISPR-Cas9 system, resulted diminished uptake of Brucella into macrophages, which was dependent on NF-κB-mediated regulation of phagocytic receptors. FBXO22 expression was upregulated in Brucella -infected macrophages that resulted induction of phagocytic receptors and enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through NF-κB. Furthermore, we found that FBXO22 recruits the effector proteins of Brucella , including the anti-inflammatory proteins, TcpB and OMP25 for degradation through the SCF complex. We did not observe any role for another F-box containing protein of SCF complex, β-TrCP in Brucella -macrophage interaction. Our findings unravel novel functions of FBXO22 in host-pathogen interaction and its contribution to pathogenesis of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Protective and Pathogenic Immune Responses to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Panahi ◽  
Danielle I. Stanisic ◽  
Christopher S. Peacock ◽  
Lara J. Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Leishmania Parasite ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Outcome Severity ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation

Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites are known to cause a broad spectrum of clinical diseases in humans, collectively known as the leishmaniases. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common clinical presentation with varying degrees of severity largely driven by host immune responses, specifically the interplay between innate and adaptive immune response. The establishment of a T lymphocyte driven cell-mediated immune response, leading to activated phagocytic cells, leading to Leishmania parasite killing and control of infection. Alternatively, the Leishmania parasite manipulates the host immune system, enabling parasite proliferation and clinical disease. Here we review how the cumulative interactions of different aspects of the host immune response determines disease outcome, severity, and immunity to re-infection.

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