scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE CAROTID BODY FOLLOWING INJECTIONS OF LABELED BIOGENIC AMINE PRECURSORS

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Li Chen ◽  
Robert D. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Dense Cores ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
Reserpine Treatment ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

Adult Syrian hamsters were given a subcutaneous injection of reserpine 3 days before an intraperitoneal injection of 3H-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine or 3H-5, hydroxytryptophan and the carotid bodies were subsequently prepared for electron microscopic radioautography. Other Syrian hamsters were given a subcutaneous injection of reserpine and the carotid bodies were subjected to a sensitive cytochemical test for the detection of unsubstituted amines. These studies were made to determine whether the labeled amine precursors were incorporated into the cells and to see whether the parenchymal cells were affected by reserpine treatment. Material from hamsters treated first with reserpine and subsequently injected with 3H-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine or 3H-5, hydroxytryptophan exhibited reduced grains of silver over the cells which were associated mainly with the dense cores of the cytoplasmic granules. These studies offer evidence that the granules of the carotid body incorporate catecholamine and indolamine precursors. Material from hamsters incubated for the presence of unsubstituted amines gave a positive reaction (opaque cytoplasmic granules) for catecholamines but not for indolamines. The latter substances may not be present in quantities sufficient to register a positive reaction in the cytochemical test. The opaque granules, indicative of the presence of catecholamines, decreased in density after reserpine treatment. 5 days after one reserpine injection the granules had regained opacity and were comparable to those seen in the control cells.

scholarly journals Electron immunocytochemical localization of enkephalin-like material in catecholamine-containing cells of the carotid body, the adrenal medulla, and in pheochromocytomas of man and other mammals.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 682-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
I M Varndell ◽  
F J Tapia ◽  
J De Mey ◽  
R A Rush ◽  
S R Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase ◽  
Carotid Bodies

Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity has been localized to electron-dense secretory granules of cat and piglet carotid bodies and adrenal medullae, horse adrenal medulla, and also to human adrenal medulla and pheochromocytomas using a gold-labeled antibody technique performed at the electron microscopic level. The same granules were also demonstrated to exhibit dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity, which suggests a granular colocalization of amines and peptides in catecholamine-storing cells.

Localization of Alpha Bungarotoxin Binding Sites in the Rat Carotid Body Using Horseradish Peroxidase-Conjugated Toxin

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
I-Li Chen ◽  
Joe A. Mascorro ◽  
Patricia W. Lumsden ◽  
Robert D. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Semithin Sections ◽  
Alpha Bungarotoxin ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

In a previous communication, we reported binding of 125I-alpha bungarotoxin (αBgt) to certain parenchymal cells in the rat carotid body. However, the exact cell types exhibiting the binding sites were not definitively identified. During the present study, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated αBgt was used in order to obtain a precise location of αBgt-acetylcholine (ACh) receptor sites in the carotid body. αBgt was conjugated to HRP by a two-step technique, and its specificity to ACh receptors was tested histochemically by utilizing frozen sections of the mouse diaphragm. Carotid bodies from adult rats, with or without preincubation in 10-3M d-tubocurarine (d-Tc), were incubated in approximately 700 nM αBgt-HRP for one hour at 37°C. The tissue was washed, fixed in glutaraldehyde, reacted with a diaminobenzidine-hydrogen peroxide mixture, postosmicated and embedded in Epon 812.Semithin sections revealed that the conjugate penetrated throughout the carotid body and became localized in all groups of parenchymal cells. Preincubation in 10-3M d-Tc completely abolished the labelings.

Ultrastructural Abnormalities of the Carotid Body in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Solon Cole ◽  
Leslie B. Lindenberg ◽  
Frank M. Galioto ◽  
Peter E. Howe ◽  
Arthur C. DeGraff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
High Risk Infants

The carotid bodies of four infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were compared, using electron microscopic techniques, with the carotid bodies of various control subjects. In the SIDS patients, there was a marked reduction or absence of the dense cytoplasmic granules of the carotid chemoreceptor cells, as well as a reduction in cell number and size. These ultrastructural abnormalities may be pathophysiologically related to SIDS. A defect in this respiratory control organ could block normal stimulation of respiration during the periods of hypoxia that occur during episodes of sleep apnea in infancy. Further studies by electron microscopy are required to confirm degranulation of the carotid body as a pathognomonic sign of SIDS. Screening of high-risk infants should be directed at studying the carotid body and its mediated responses to hypoxia.

scholarly journals Electron Microscopic Observations of the Carotid Body of the Cat

1959 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard L. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Sustentacular Cells ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
Unmyelinated Nerve ◽  
Chemoreceptor Cells

Carotid bodies were removed from cats, fixed in buffered 1 per cent osmic acid, embedded in deaerated, nitrogenated methacrylate, and cut into thin sections for electron microscopic study. The carotid body is seen to be composed of islands of chemoreceptor and sustentacular cells surrounded by wide irregular sinusoids. These cells are separated from the sinusoids by relatively broad interstitial spaces which are filled with collagen, fibroblasts, and many unmyelinated nerve fibers with their Schwann cell sheaths. The chemoreceptor cells are surrounded by the flattened, multiprocessed sustentacular cells which serve to convey the axons from an interstitial to a pericellular location. These sustentacular cells are assumed to be lemmoblastic in origin. Relatively few axons are seen to abut on the chemoreceptor cells. The cytoplasm of the chemoreceptor cell is characterized by numerous small mitochondria, units of granular endoplasmic reticulum, a small Golgi complex, and a variety of vesicles. There are many small vesicles diffusely scattered throughout the cytoplasm. In addition, there is a small number of dark-cored vesicles of the type which has been previously described in the adrenal medulla. These are usually associated with the Golgi complex. These findings are discussed in relation to the concepts of the origin of the chemoreceptor cell and the nature of the synapse.

scholarly journals IMMUNOPEROXIDASE LOCALIZATION OF ANTIHAPTEN ANTIBODIES IN RATS RESPONDING UNEQUALLY TO ANTIGENIC STIMULATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMINIQUE FRANÇOIS ◽  
RAPHAËL ORIOL ◽  
RUBEN A. BINAGHI
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Rare Type

The present work reports on an electron microscopic study of the primary response of two strains of rats to the subcutaneous injection of the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP). When this substance is injected into the two strains used, there is either a weak or a strong production of circulating anti-DNP antibodies. Satellite lymph nodes were fixed in glutaraldehyde, incubated in a solution of horseradish peroxidase labeled with DNP and treated with diaminobenzidine + H2O2. A specific positive reaction was observed: ( a) in the perinuclear cisternae of numerous lymphocytes and lymphoblasts; ( b) in the perinuclear cisternae as well as in the peripheral cisternae of some plasmablasts; and ( c) in a recently described rare type of cell known as a "lymphoplasmacyte." In certain lymphocytes, there was an accumulation of the reaction product in the perinuclear cisternae, and sometimes in the peripheral cisternae, which, in some places, provoked a dilation of the cisternae. There was no significant qualitative difference between the two strains of rats.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SINUS NERVE STIMULATION ON CAROTID BODY GLOMUS CELLS

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Yates ◽  
I-Li Chen ◽  
Donald Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Glomus Cells ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
Reserpine Treatment ◽  
Granule Density ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Carotid Body Glomus Cells

The sinus nerve or sympathetic trunk was stimulated unilaterally in one group of adult cats or Syrian hamsters while in another group the sinus nerve or sympathetic trunk was cut unilaterally and the animals were given reserpine. In a third group, atropine was administered prior to sinus nerve stimulation. All tissues were processed for the detection of primary monoamines. The carotid bodies on the operated sides were compared with those on the unoperated sides of the same animal in order to determine if amine depletion occurred following the experimental procedures. After sinus nerve stimulation alone, the density of the granules in the glomus cells was decreased, but changes were not noted in the granules following sympathetic nerve stimulation. Sinus nerve stimulation after atropine administration resulted in no change in granule density. Sinus nerve transection followed by reserpine treatment resulted in a greater decrease in granule density on the unoperated than on the operated side. Transection of the sympathetic components to the carotid body followed by reserpine injections resulted in a decrease in granule density in the glomus cells on both the operated and unoperated sides. These results suggest that the sinus nerve must be intact for reserpine to exert an effect and that the sinus nerve may contain efferent fibers which modulate amine secretion.

Cytoplasmic Granules in Lymphocytes from Rats Dosed with SK&F 14336-D

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
T. G. Merrill ◽  
B. J. Payne ◽  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Storage Diseases ◽  
Tay Sachs Disease ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Neurovisceral Lipidosis

Rats given SK&F 14336-D (9-[3-Dimethylamino propyl]-2-chloroacridane), a tranquilizing drug, developed an increased number of vacuolated lymphocytes as observed by light microscopy. Vacuoles in peripheral blood of rats and humans apparently are rare and are not usually reported in differential counts. Transforming agents such as phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen induce similar vacuoles in in vitro cultures of lymphocytes. These vacuoles have also been reported in some of the lipid-storage diseases of humans such as amaurotic familial idiocy, familial neurovisceral lipidosis, lipomucopolysaccharidosis and sphingomyelinosis. Electron microscopic studies of Tay-Sachs' disease and of chloroquine treated swine have demonstrated large numbers of “membranous cytoplasmic granules” in the cytoplasm of neurons, in addition to lymphocytes. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of characterizing the membranous inclusions and developing an experimental animal model which may be used for the study of lipid storage diseases.

Fine Structure of Carotid Body: Normal and Anoxic Cats

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Fadhil Al-Lami ◽  
R.G. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Glomus Cells ◽  
Sustentacular Cells ◽  
Carotid Bodies

Although the fine structure of the carotid body has been described in several recent reports, uncertainties remain, and the morphological effects of anoxia on the carotid body cells of the cat have never been reported. We have, therefore, studied the fine structure of the carotid body both in normal and severely anoxic cats, and to test the specificity of the effects, have compared them with the effects on adrenal medulla, kidney, and liver of the same animals. Carotid bodies of 50 normal and 15 severely anoxic cats (9% oxygen in nitrogen) were studied. Glutaraldehyde followed by OsO4 fixations, Epon 812 embedding, and uranyl acetate and lead citrate staining, were the technics employed.We have called the two types of glomus cells enclosed and enclosing cells. They correspond to those previously designated as chemoreceptor and sustentacular cells respectively (1). The enclosed cells forming the vast majority, are irregular in shape with many processes and occasional peripheral densities (Fig. 1).

Ultrastructure of superficial neuromasts in the mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
W.R. Jones ◽  
S. Coombs ◽  
J. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Line System ◽  
Dense Cores ◽  
Sensory Hair Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vesicles ◽  
Cottus Bairdi ◽  
Mottled Sculpin ◽  
Upper Third

The lateral line system of the mottled sculpin, like that of most bony fish, has both canal (CNM) and superficial (SNM) sensory end organs, neuromasts, which are distributed on the head and trunk in discrete, readily identifiable groupings (Fig. 1). CNM and SNM differ grossly in location and in overall size and shape. The former are located in subdermal canals and are larger and asymmetric in shape, The latter are located directly on the surface of the skin and are much smaller and more symmetrical It has been suggested that the two may differ at a more fundamental level in such functionally related parameters as extent of myelination of innervating fibers and the absence of efferent innervation in SNM. The present study addresses the validity of these last two features as distinguishing criteria by examining the structure of those SNM populations indicated in Fig. 1 at both the light and electron microscopic levels.All of the populations of SNM examined conform in general to previously published descriptions, consisting of a neuroepithelium composed of sensory hair cells, support cells and mantle cells, Several significant differences from these accounts have, however, emerged. Firstly, the structural composition of the innervating fibers is heterogeneous with respect to the extent of myelination. All SNM groups, with the possible exception of the TRrs and CFLs, possess both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers within the neuroepithelium proper (Fig. 2), just as do CNM. The extent of myelina- tion is quite variable, with some fibers sheath terminating just before crossing the neuroepithelial basal lamina, some just after and a few retaining their myelination all the way to the base of the hair cells in the upper third of the neuroepithelium. Secondly, all SNMs possess fibers that may, on the basis of ultrastructural criteria, be identified as efferent. Such fibers contained numerous cytoplasmic vesicles, both clear and with dense cores. In regions where such fibers closely apposed hair cells, subsynaptic cisternae were observed in the hair cell (Fig. 3).

The accumulation of noradrenaline in constricted sympathetic nerves as studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy

1967 ◽  
Vol 167 (1008) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hypogastric Nerve ◽  
Fluorescent Material ◽  
Dense Cores ◽  
Fluorescence And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Granular Vesicles ◽  
Electron Dense Core ◽  
Microscopic Findings

The effects of constricting post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves have been studied in the cat splenic nerve and guinea-pig hypogastric nerve. The results obtained using a fluorescence method for the histochemical localization of noradrenaline have been compared with electron microscopic findings. A close correlation was found between the accumulation of fluorescent material, attributable to noradrenaline, and of vesicles with an electron dense core (granular vesicles) believed to contain noradrenaline, proximal to the constriction in these nerves. This accumulation of noradrenaline was visible by 1 h after operation and increased rapidly in amount during the succeeding hours. It apparently reached a maximum after approximately 2 days and was found in what appeared to be newly formed axons 3 to 4 days after operation. Reserpine reduces the fluorescence and the number of vesicles with electron dense cores which accumulate proximal to the constriction. It is suggested, (1) that the fluorescent material is due, at least in part, to the presence of the granular vesicles, and (2) that the constriction has blocked the normal proximo-distal movement of noradrenaline which is believed to occur in post-ganglionic sympathetic axons.

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