scholarly journals Histochemical Demonstration of Protein-Bound Alpha-Acylamido Carboxyl Groups

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Barrnett ◽  
Arnold M. Seligman
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Methyl Ketones ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Naphthoic Acid ◽  
Specific Proteins

A method has been developed to demonstrate the alpha-acylamido carboxyl groups of protein, taking advantage of the fact that acylamido carboxyl groups are converted to ketonic carbonyls by the action of acetic anhydride and absolute pyridine. The method utilizes deparaffinized sections of tissues fixed in a variety of fixatives. Following the conversion of carboxyls to the methyl ketones, the latter are stained with 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid hydrazide. Control experiments have indicated that methylation of carboxyls prevented staining, as did carbonyl reagents after the carboxyls were transformed to methyl ketones. Leucofuchsin did not stain the ketonic carbonyls, and only elastic tissue stained with 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid hydrazide without the previous use of the catalyzed reaction with anhydride. A brief survey of the reaction on various tissues of the albino rat was made, and the effects of various fixatives were assayed. Of particular interest were certain sites, such as acidophiles of the anterior pituitary gland, where an intense reaction occurred. The possibility exists that certain specific proteins rich in terminal acylamido carboxyl groups, by virtue of their protein side chains or low molecular weight, may be demonstrated by this method.

scholarly journals HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF SOME OXIDIZED MACROMOLECULES WITH THIOCARBOHYDRAZIDE (TCH) OR THIOSEMICARBAZIDE (TSC) AND OSMIUM TETROXIDE

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 629-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARNOLD M. SELIGMAN ◽  
JACOB S. HANKER ◽  
HANNAH WASSERKRUG ◽  
HERMINE DMOCHOWSKI ◽  
LIONEL KATZOFF
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Naphthoic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Oxidation

Thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) and thiosemicarbazide (TSC) have been introduced as osmiophilic reagents for demonstrating aldehyde-containing macromolecules, produced by periodic acid oxidation of tissue sections. Because of the remarkable properties of osmium black, excellent pigment qualities are provided for light microscopy and the advantages of an amorphous, nonvolatile, electron-opaque end product are available for electron microscopy. The present communication describes the method and gives the scope of the histochemical reaction. Thiocarbohydrazide is the more reactive of the two reagents and is capable of demonstrating a wider variety of oxidized macromolecules than does thiosemicarbazide. The periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium tetroxide method (PATCO method) was compared with those using thiosemicarbazide (PATO method), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS method), and with the method involving 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide (NAH) followed by coupling with fast blue B (PA-NAH-FBB method). All four methods demonstrated certain active aldehydes equally well, such as those produced by periodic acid oxidation of glycogen, mucopolysaccharide of gut and mucoprotein of Descemet's membranes of the cornea. The stain with the PATO method was somewhat weaker than the other three methods for glycoprotein of the cuticular border of gut and of the brush border of kidney tubules, and colloid of the thyroid gland. The PATO method was even less effective in demonstrating mucoprotein of basement membranes in kidney and no reaction for collagen and reticulin was noted. The PATCO method was almost as effective with basement membranes in kidney as the PAS method, but was not equal to the PAS method in staining collagen and reticulin. Furthermore, the aldehyde produced on Feulgen hydrolysis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of cell nuclei was not demonstrable with either PATO or PATCO methods its contrast to positive results with the PAS and PA-NAH-FBB methods. This suggests that TSC and TCH have less reactive hydrazino groups than NAH. Results with the electron microscope will be published separately.

Protein production by sheep embryos during the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1223-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Manns ◽  
P. J. Lewing
Keyword(s):  
Protein Production ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Sephadex Column ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
The Media ◽  
Maternal Recognition Of Pregnancy ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions

An embryo must be present in the uterus 12–13 days after estrus to prevent regression of the ovine corpus luteum. The present experiments were designed to determine if embryo-specific secretory proteins could be detected in the maternal blood at the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy. In two experiments, 92 embryos were flushed from 47 ewes at 14–15 days after estrus. Embryos were incubated in vitro for 24 h and the proteins in the media were harvested. Antisera to proteins in both flushing and incubation medium were produced in rabbits. In experiment 1, crude fractions were used for antibody production and radioimmunoassays were established for protein peaks separated on a 1.1 × 75 cm G-100 Sephadex column. Two low molecular weight fractions (EPiv and EPv) appeared to be embryo specific but were not detectable in jugular vein sera of 14- to 15-day pregnant animals. In experiment 2, proteins derived from uterine flushes and from embryo incubations were chromatographed on a 2.5 × 85 cm column of G-100 Sephadex. The protein peaks were measured, pooled, lyophilized, and used for immunization of rabbits. As in experiment 1, antisera were generated, some of which seemed to be directed against embryo-specific proteins. However, we could not detect these fractions in the uterine vein blood of pregnant animals. Thus, embryo-specific proteins are either confined to the uterus or they appear in the blood in quantities that are undetectable with our assay system.

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