scholarly journals FUNCTIONS OF COATED VESICLES DURING PROTEIN ABSORPTION IN THE RAT VAS DEFERENS

1967 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Friend ◽  
Marilyn G. Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Rat Vas Deferens ◽  
Coated Vesicles ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Apical Cytoplasm ◽  
Golgi Region

The role of coated vesicles during the absorption of horseradish peroxidase was investigated in the epithelium of the rat vas deferens by electron microscopy and cytochemistry. Peroxidase was introduced into the vas lumen in vivo. Tissue was excised at selected intervals, fixed in formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde, sectioned without freezing, incubated in Karnovsky's medium, postfixed in OsO4, and processed for electron microscopy. Some controls and peroxidase-perfused specimens were incubated with TPP,1 GP, and CMP. Attention was focused on the Golgi complex, apical multivesicular bodies, and two populations of coated vesicles; large (> 1000 A) ones concentrated in the apical cytoplasm and small (<750 A) ones found primarily in the Golgi region. 10 min after peroxidase injection, the tracer is found adhering to the surface plasmalemma, concentrated in bristle-coated invaginations, and within large coated vesicles. After 20–45 min, it is present in large smooth vesicles, apical multivesicular bodies, and dense bodies. Peroxidase is not seen in small coated vesicles at any interval. Counts of small coated vesicles reveal that during peroxidase absorption they first increase in number in the Golgi region and later, in the apical cytoplasm. In both control and peroxidase-perfused specimens incubated with TPP, reaction product is seen in several Golgi cisternae and in small coated vesicles in the Golgi region. With GP, reaction product is seen in one to two Golgi cisternae, multivesicular bodies, dense bodies, and small coated vesicles present in the Golgi region or near multivesicular bodies. The results demonstrate that (a) this epithelium functions in the absorption of protein from the duct lumen, (b) large coated vesicles serve as heterophagosomes to transport absorbed protein to lysosomes, and (c) some small coated vesicles serve as primary lysosomes to transport hydrolytic enzymes from the Golgi complex to multivesicular bodies.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE INTRACELLULAR DIGESTIVE PROCESS IN MAMMALIAN TISSUE CULTURE CELLS

1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Gordon ◽  
Leonard R. Miller ◽  
Klaus G. Bensch
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Golgi Region ◽  
Esterolytic Activity

DNA-protein coacervates containing colloidal gold particles were readily phagocytized by strain L fibroblasts. During the subsequent digestion process, the gold particles served as markers which permitted the demonstration of the evolution of digestive vacuoles to multivesicular bodies and finally to dense bodies. Acid phosphatase and esterolytic activity was present in these structures. The hydrolytic enzymes were apparently brought to the phagocytotic vacuoles in small vesicles originating in the Golgi region. These vesicles entered the vacuoles prior to the digestion of the coacervates and the appearance of positive cytochemical reactions. The cytoplasmic dense bodies frequently merged with the phagocytotic vacuoles. This was demonstrated by prelabeling the dense bodies with colloidal iron prior to phagocytosis of the coacervates. In addition, evidence is presented for the interrelationship of the phagocytotic and autophagic pathways.

Postjunctional supersensitivity of the rat vas deferens and gap junctions

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Paton ◽  
J. Buckland-Nicks ◽  
A. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Rat Vas Deferens ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Fixation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Tissues from the duodenum and vas deferens of Sprague–Dawley rats were examined of the rat vas deferens and gap junctions. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 54, 412–416. by electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde fixation and postosmication. Gap junctions (nexuses) were readily demonstrated in the duodenum in both control and reserpine treated animals (1.0 mg/kg per day for 7 days). However, gap junctions could not be demonstrated in vas deferens. It is concluded that the postjunctional supersensitivity and spontaneous activity induced by reserpine in vas deferens, does not result from the formation of gap junctions.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHATASES IN THE GOLGI REGION AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES OF THE THORACIC GANGLIONIC NEURONS IN THE GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS DIFFERENTIALIS

1968 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Developmental Relationship ◽  
Golgi Region ◽  
Melanoplus Differentialis

The neuronal perikarya of the grasshopper contain sudanophilic lipochondria which exhibit an affinity for vital dyes. These lipochondria are membrane-delimited and display acid phosphatase activity; hence they correspond to lysosomes. Unlike those of most vertebrates, these lysosomes also hydrolyze thiamine pyrophosphate and adenosine triphosphate. Like vertebrate lysosomal "dense bodies," they are electron-opaque and contain granular, vesicular, or lamellar material. Along with several types of smaller dense bodies, they are found in close spatial association with the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi complexes are frequently arranged in concentric configurations within which these dense bodies lie. Some of the smaller dense bodies often lie close to or in association with the periphery of dense multivesicular bodies. Further, bodies occur that display gradations in structure between these multivesicular bodies and the dense lysosomes. Acid phosphatase activity is present in the small as well as the larger dense bodies, in the multivesicular bodies, and in some of the Golgi saccules, associated vesicles, and fenestrated membranes; thiamine pyrophosphatase is found in both the dense bodies and parts of the Golgi complex. The close spatial association of these organelles, together with their enzymatic similarities, suggests the existence of a functional or developmental relationship between them.

The York Platelet Syndrome: A Third Case and New Findings

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 2526-2526
Author(s):  
James G White ◽  
Regents Professor ◽  
Merel Gunay-Aygun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Analytical Electron

Abstract Abstract 2526 Studies published in 2003 described a mother and son with a mitochondrial myopathy and abnormal platelets containing giant electron opaque organelles and large, multilayered organelles resembling targets. The condition has remained a familial disorder until recently when a new patient, a four year old female, with the same myopathy and platelet ultrastructure was discovered. Now the disorder can be considered a syndrome named after the initial family, the York Platelet Syndrome (YPS). Whole mount preparations of unfixed, unstained YPS platelets revealed that the giant opaque organelles (OO) were as inherently electron dense as delta granules (dense bodies, DB) but several times larger. Analytical electron microscopy revealed both organelles were rich in phosphorous and calcium, suggesting they might have the same origin. However, measurements of serotonin and adenine nucleotides in YPS platelets revealed normal levels. Also, staining YPS platelets for acid phosphatase with cerium as the capture ion and using analytical electron microscopy to determine its location in whole mount preparations revealed the presence of cerium in the giant OO, but not in DB. The findings suggested the OO might be giant secretory organelles. However, exposure of YPS platelets to high dose thrombin caused complete secretion of α granules and DB, but OO and TO were not released through the open canalicular system or the surface membrane. Thus, OO and TO are not secretory organelles. Studies of YPS in the new patient have confirmed and extended these findings. Staining her cells with diaminobenzidine and H202 to detect platelet peroxidase has revealed enzyme reaction product in both OO and TO, as well as in channels of the dense tubular system. Thus, the giant OO and TO organelles contain proteins and elements usually separated into vesicles in the Golgi Complex and reassembled into alpha granules, dense bodies and lysosomes in megakaryocytes. Instead proteins and elements from the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) develop into giant OO and TO without passing through lamellae of the Golgi complex. Involvement of the SER and DTS in formation of the giant organelles is strongly supported by YPS platelets from the new patient. Large, flat sheets and coils of SER were a common finding in the new YPS patient platelets, and present, but less frequent in the original two YPS patients. The findings strongly support the concept that the YPS in a disorder of megakaryocyte endoplasmic reticulum allowing the formation OO and TO which continue to develop in the DTS of YPS circulating platelets. It is the first such disorder to be described in human megakaryocytes and platelets. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Isolation and characterization of the Golgi complex of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. MORGADO-DÍAZ ◽  
C. V. NAKAMURA ◽  
O. A. AGRELLOS ◽  
W. B. DIAS ◽  
J. O. PREVIATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Golgi Region ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Glcnac Transferase

In this study the Golgi complex of the epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi were isolated and characterized. Using well-controlled sonication to rupture the cells and centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient, a highly enriched Golgi fraction was obtained. The Golgi fraction contained most of the β-galactosyltransferase (β-Gal transferase) and UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine: polypeptide-α-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase (O-α-GlcNAc transferase) activities with minimal contamination of other organelles, as observed by enzymatic assays and electron microscopy analysis. To characterize the Golgi from T. cruzi cells further, it was incubated with a monoclonal antibody against a 58 kDa protein involved in the association of the Golgi complex with microtubules in mammalian cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the 58 kDa protein is localized in the T. cruzi Golgi region, a result confirmed by high resolution scanning electron microscopy immunocytochemistry. Thus, our results show, for the first time, that the β-Gal transferase, the O-α-GlcNAc transferase and the 58 kDa protein are present in the Golgi complex of T. cruzi and are novel biochemical markers which can be used in the characterization of this organelle in T. cruzi.

scholarly journals FINE STRUCTURE OBSERVATIONS OF THE UPTAKE OF INTRAVENOUSLY INJECTED PEROXIDASE BY THE RAT CHOROID PLEXUS

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORWIN H. BECKER ◽  
ALEX B. NOVIKOFF ◽  
H. M. ZIMMERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles ◽  
Membrane Bound

The uptake by the choroid plexus of adult rats of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase has been investigated by electron microscopy. Within 4 min, the injected protein passes the capillary and is rapidly distributed through extracellular space and choroidal cells. Peroxidase enters the choroidal cells within coated vesicles which act as pinocytotic vesicles. At 15 min, peroxidase activity is present in numerous membrane-bound vesicles, multivesicular bodies, dense bodies and what appear to be segments of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. None of the peroxidase-containing organelles is seen to empty to the ventricular surface. Egress of the extracellular peroxidase into the cerebrospinal fluid is apparently blocked by apical zonulae occludentes between the choroidal cells.

Interrelationships between Golgi, GERL and synaptic vesicles in the nerve cells of insect and gastropod ganglia

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-453
Author(s):  
N.J. Lane ◽  
L.S. Swales
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Golgi Region ◽  
Limnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Zinc Iodide

In addition to demonstrating synaptic vesicles, staining with the zinc-iodide-osmium tetroxide (ZIO) method reveals the presence of positively reacting GERL membranes in association with the Golgi complex and lysosomes in the nerve cell bodies within ganglia from the locust Schistocerca gregaria and the gastropod molluscs, Limnaea stagnalis and Helix aspersa. A positive response to ZIO occurs in certain Golgi vesicles and saccules, in GERL (Golgi-endoplasmic-reticulum-lysosomes), in multivesicular bodies as well as residual bodies and in small vesicles and cisternae of axonal smooth endoplasmic reticllum (ER). The interrelationships between these organelles are considered in view of the similarity of the ZIO localization to phosphatase-rich sites in the neuronal perikarya and with respect to the possibility that components of the synaptic vesicles are formed in the Golgi region of the cell and migrate via the axonal smooth ER to the synaptic regions.

Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the male reproductive system of Schistosoma margrebowiei Le Roux, 1933

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. H. Awad ◽  
A. J. Probert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Axial Filament ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Germinal Cells

ABSTRACTThe structure of the male reproductive system of Schistosoma margrebowiei as viewed by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy is described. The cirrus tube opens at the genital pore without the presence of a cirrus and is spongy and leaf-like. The structure of the germinal and non-germinal cells of the testes are described. The spermatozoon consists of a head, without an acrosome, and a flagellum with a 9+0 arrangement of microtubles in the axial filament. A large mass of mitochondria is situated in the anterior end of the head and cortically arranged longitudinally running microtubles are present. The apical region of the epithelial cells of the vas deferens extends into the lumen of the duct forming convoluted lamellae. This arrangement, together with the presence of dense bodies within the cells, suggests that these cells have a secretory function.

scholarly journals SECRETION AND ENDOCYTOSIS IN INSULIN-STIMULATED RAT ADRENAL MEDULLA CELLS

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Abrahams ◽  
Eric Holtzman
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Golgi Region

Insulin was used to deplete the adrenalin stores of rat adrenal medulla cells. Release of secretion was observed to occur by exocytosis. In addition, during the stages of massive release of secretory granules, the insulin-treated preparations showed greatly enhanced endocytic uptake of horseradish peroxidase. The tracer was taken up within vesicles, tubules, multivesicular bodies, and dense bodies. From acid phosphatase studies and from previous work it appears that many of the structures in which peroxidase accumulates are lysosomes or are destined to fuse with lysosomes. Subsequent to the period of intense exocytosis and endocytosis, there is a transient accumulation of lipid droplets in the adrenalin cells. The cells then regranulate, with new granules forming near the Golgi region. These results suggest that under the conditions used, much of the membrane that initially surrounds secretory granules is degraded after release of the granules.

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