scholarly journals LOCALIZATION OF ANTIBODIES BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IN DEVELOPING ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS

1965 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. de Petris ◽  
Gioanna Karlsbad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Booster Injection ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Antigen Antibody

The development of antibody-producing cells in the early stages of the secondary or hyperimmune response has been studied with the electron microscope in lymph nodes of adult chinchilla rabbits immunized with ferritin or apoferritin. The intracellular distribution of antiferritin antibodies was determined in the lymph node cells at 1 to 5 days after a booster injection, employing the labelling technique previously used by the authors (12) to demonstrate the localization of antibodies in mature plasma cells. Antibodies were first detected at 48 hours in blasts; i.e., cells which have a poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum and a cytoplasm filled with many ribosomes grouped in clusters. The label was subsequently found in forms intermediate between blasts and plasma cells (plasmoblasts, immature plasma cells), in which the endoplasmic reticulum appeared progressively more developed. Antiferritin antibodies were also found in cells in mitosis. In all the above cell types, antigen-antibody precipitates were consistently found in the perinuclear space and in the cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, from an early stage in the development of the latter. Evidence was also obtained for the presence of antibody in the Golgi area. The results are discussed in relation to the possible cellular sites of antibody synthesis.

scholarly journals LOCALIZATION OF ANTIBODIES IN PLASMA CELLS BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanello de Petris ◽  
Gioanna Karlsbad ◽  
Benvenuto Pernis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Outer Cell Membrane ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Direct Counts

The localization of antibody in the interior of plasma cells of lymph nodes of rabbits hyperimmunized with ferritin was studied by electron microscopy. The cells were incubated with the antigen (ferritin) which was allowed to penetrate into the cells by suitable methods. Antigen-antibody precipitates were localized in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and in the perinuclear space. No evident association was found between ferritin and ribosomes or ferritin and outer cell membrane. Cells from control animals immunized with an unrelated antigen, incubated with ferritin, exhibited no labeling. From direct counts of ferritin molecules in plasma cells, a lower limit was evaluated for the antibody concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum (12.2 mg/cm3) and for the total antibody content of a plasma cell (7.0 x 10–3 gm).

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ON ANTIBODY-PRODUCING LYMPH NODE CELLS

1966 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Harris ◽  
Klaus Hummeler ◽  
Susanna Harris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Considerable Range ◽  
Current Terminology

Lymph node cells of rabbits injected with sheep erythrocytes, identified as antibody-producing by their ability to produce plaques of hemolysis in erythrocyte-containing agar layers, have been examined by electron microscopy, by the use of a procedure devised for subjecting single cells to such examination. The antibody-producing cells thus examined were found to fall into two classes, according to the current terminology: some were in the category of lymphocytes, and others, in the category of plasma cells. Within each class, cells were found to vary in certain characteristics, especially in the degree of development of such organelles as the nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, and the endoplasmic reticulum. In the case of the endoplasmic reticulum especially, it could be seen that a series of these plaque-producing cells, ranked in order of increasing size and development of the endoplasmic reticulum, would extend over a considerable range from those lymphocytes with the least developed organelles to the mature plasma cells with the greatest development of these structures.

scholarly journals The ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins in human b cells of immunoproliferative diseases

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Gourdin ◽  
JP Farcet ◽  
F Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Human B Cells

Abstract The cellular distribution of immunoglobulins in human malignant and normal B cells was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy by direct incubation of fixed cells with electron microscopy by direct incubation of fixed cells with peroxidase-coupled antibody. These conjugates penetrated into the cell, resulting in the simultaneous detection of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. The latter were seen as specific intracisternal staining of the perinuclear space and endoplasmic reticulum and occasionally of the Golgi complex. Plasma cells were frequently characterized by a heterogeneity of reactivity of the endoplasmic reticulum. Minute amounts of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin were demonstrated in cells without developed secretory organelles, such as lymphoma cells and lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The method allowed us to define several subsets of cells according to the expression of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins and thus to determine the stage of maturation of cells involved in monoclonal proliferation.

scholarly journals THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM IN MUSCLE CELLS OF AMBLYSTOMA LARVAE

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Constant Width ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
System A ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Complex Membrane

Electron microscopy of thin sections of muscle fibers in myotomes of Amblystoma larvae has revealed the presence of a complex, membrane-limited system of canaliculi and vesicles which form a lace-like reticulum around and among the myofibrils. This seems to correspond to the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the earlier light microscopists and the endoplasmic reticulum of other cell types. The elements constituting the reticulum are disposed in a pattern which bears a constant relation to the bands of the adjacent myofibrils and is therefore repeated in each sarcomere. At the H band the system is transversely continuous but not so at other levels. Longitudinally continuity is interrupted at the Z bands where large vesicles belonging to adjacent sarcomere segments of the system face off on opposite sides of the band. The opposing faces of these vesicles are flat and separated by a space of more or less constant width, in which are located small, finger-shaped vesicles. In view of these and other close structural relationships with the myofibrils it seems appropriate to assign to the system a role in the conduction of the excitatory impulse.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF PLASMA-CELL TUMORS OF THE MOUSE

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Parsons ◽  
E. B. Darden ◽  
D. L. Lindsley ◽  
Guthrie T. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Granular Body ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Cytoplasmic Structure ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
C3h Mice

An electron microscope study was made of a series of transplanted MPC-1 plasma-cell tumors carried by BALB/c mice. Large numbers of particles similar in morphology to virus particles were present inside the endoplasmic reticulum of tumor plasma cells. Very few particles were seen outside the cells or in ultracentrifuged preparations of the plasma or ascites fluid. In very early tumors particles were occasionally seen free in the cytoplasm adjacent to finely granular material. In general, the distribution of these particles inside endoplasmic reticulum is similar in early and late tumors. A few transplanted X5563 tumors of C3H mice were also examined. Large numbers of particles were found in the region of the Golgi apparatus in late X5663 tumors. A newly described cytoplasmic structure of plasma cells, here called a "granular body," appears to be associated with the formation of the particles. Particles present in MPC-1 tumors are exclusively of a doughnut form, whereas some of those in the inclusions of the late X5563 tumors show a dense center. Normal plasma cells, produced by inoculation of a modified Freund adjuvant into BALB/c mice. have been compared morphologically with tumor plasma cells of both tumor lines.

scholarly journals Endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transitions upon herpes virus infection

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wild ◽  
Andres Kaech ◽  
Elisabeth M. Schraner ◽  
Ladina Walser ◽  
Mathias Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Progeny Virus ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Exit Route ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Hsv 1

Background: Herpesvirus capsids are assembled in the nucleus before they are translocated to the perinuclear space by budding, acquiring tegument and envelope, or releasing to the cytoplasm in a “naked” state via impaired nuclear envelope. One model proposes that envelopment, “de-envelopment” and “re-envelopment” are essential steps for production of infectious virus. Glycoproteins gB/gH were reported to be essential for de-envelopment, by fusion of the “primary” envelope with the outer nuclear membrane. Yet, a high proportion of enveloped virions generated from genomes with deleted gB/gH were found in the cytoplasm and extracellular space, suggesting the existence of an alternative exit route.Methods: We investigated the relatedness between the nuclear envelope and membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, in cells infected with either herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) or a Us3 deletion mutant thereof, or with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, employing freezing technique protocols that lead to improved spatial and temporal resolution.Results: Scanning electron microscopy showed the Golgi complex as a compact entity in a juxtanuclear position covered by a membrane on thecisface. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Golgi membranes merge with membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum forming an entity with the perinuclear space. All compartments contained enveloped virions. After treatment with brefeldin A, HSV-1 virions aggregated in the perinuclear space and endoplasmic reticulum, while infectious progeny virus was still produced.Conclusions: The data strongly suggest that virions are intraluminally transported from the perinuclear space via Golgi complex-endoplasmic reticulum transitions into Golgi cisternae for packaging into transport vacuoles. Furthermore, virions derived by budding at nuclear membranes are infective as has been shown for HSV-1 Us3 deletion mutants, which almost entirely accumulate in the perinuclear space. Therefore, de-envelopment followed by re-envelopment is not essential for production of infective progeny virus.

scholarly journals The ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins in human b cells of immunoproliferative diseases

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1140
Author(s):  
MF Gourdin ◽  
JP Farcet ◽  
F Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Human B Cells

The cellular distribution of immunoglobulins in human malignant and normal B cells was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy by direct incubation of fixed cells with electron microscopy by direct incubation of fixed cells with peroxidase-coupled antibody. These conjugates penetrated into the cell, resulting in the simultaneous detection of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. The latter were seen as specific intracisternal staining of the perinuclear space and endoplasmic reticulum and occasionally of the Golgi complex. Plasma cells were frequently characterized by a heterogeneity of reactivity of the endoplasmic reticulum. Minute amounts of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin were demonstrated in cells without developed secretory organelles, such as lymphoma cells and lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The method allowed us to define several subsets of cells according to the expression of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins and thus to determine the stage of maturation of cells involved in monoclonal proliferation.

Thiamine pyrophosphatase and nucleoside diphosphatase in guinea pig pinealocytes shown by a cerium-based method

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Z. R. Luo ◽  
E. F. Whitter ◽  
R. L. Schultz ◽  
P. J. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Cerium Chloride ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphatase

Thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) and nucleoside diphosphatase (NDPase) both have a similar localization in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the perinuclear space (PNS) and the Golgi apparatus (GA) in hepatocytes and other cell types. Whether they are two separate enzymes or a single one has not been determined. Recently cerium has been reported as an excellent substitute for lead. The study described here compared the activities of TPPase and NDPase in pinealocytes by the cerium-based method.Guinea pig pineal glands were fixed by perfusion with a mixture of 1% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde followed by immersion in the same fixative for a total of 30 min. Sections cut at 100μm on a vibratome were incubated in substrate-free incubation medium for 30 min, then for 3 hrs at room temperature in the complete medium, which contained thiamine pyrophosphate (1 mg/ml) for TPPase and inosine diphosphate (1 mg/ml) for NDPase, cerium chloride (0.7 mg/ml), manganese chloride (1 mg/ml), and 5% sucrose in buffer.

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF ANTIBODY IN DIFFERENTIATING PLASMA CELLS

1968 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth H. Leduc ◽  
Stratis Avrameas ◽  
Michel Bouteille
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Plasmacytic Differentiation ◽  
Perinuclear Space ◽  
Large Spherical

Antibody was localized by electron microscopy within differentiating and mature plasma cells of the spleens of hyperimmunized rabbits. Horseradish peroxidase was used as antigen. Intracellular antibody to peroxidase was revealed in glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue by coupling it with its antigen and then revealing the sites of peroxidase activity cytochemically. Antibody first appears in the perinuclear space of hemocytoblasts where it persists through differentiation into immature plasma cells, but it disappears from this site in mature plasma cells. Concomitant with the development of the ergastoplasm, antibody accumulates in many but not all of its cisternae. Antibody is present in the lamellar portion of the Golgi apparatus in all phases of plasmacytic differentiation. Mature plasma cells exhibit two types of antibody distribution, a concentration into large spherical intracisternal granules or an overflowing into all parts of the cytoplasm.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF SIMULTANEOUS ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS IN PLASMA CELLS AND SPECIALIZED LYMPHOCYTES IN RABBIT LYMPH NODES

1970 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stratis Avrameas ◽  
Elizabeth H. Leduc
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Memory Cell ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Circulating Cells ◽  
Perinuclear Space

Antibody to horseradish peroxidase was localized by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry in cells of the popliteal lymph nodes of the rabbit after a single injection of antigen with complete Freund's adjuvant and after a second antigen administration. Synthesis of antibody, chiefly of 7S type, occurred simultaneously in two types of cells: large, clear, fixed, typical plasma cells, and small, dense, circulating cells which exhibit morphological characteristics of both small lymphocytes and plasma cells. We call the latter "lymphoplasmacytes" and propose that they arise from small lymphocytes. They secrete antibody by clasmatosis and continue to develop an elaborate endoplasmic reticulum after specific antibody synthesis ceases. In the presence of an additional antigenic stimulation, a second cycle of antibody synthesis may begin around the nucleus in the same cell, with antibody accumulating in the perinuclear space sometimes even before the previously synthesized antibody has been entirely secreted at the cell periphery. On this basis, we propose that the lymphoplasmacyte is a memory cell and that memory and antibody synthesis are two different activities of the same cell. The appearance of a small amount of 19S antibody may be correlated with the presence of a small number of antibody-containing, large lymphocytes.

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