scholarly journals Balancing cell behavior at boundaries

2015 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Eph Receptor ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Parallel Pathway ◽  
Intercellular Gaps

The restriction of cell intermingling across boundaries is essential for the establishment of discrete tissues. Eph receptor signaling prevents intermingling at many boundaries. In this issue, Luu et al. (2015. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201409026) report a parallel pathway, mediated by Wnt signaling, Snail1, and paraxial protocadherin (PAPC). This pathway establishes a distinctive organization of cell adhesion and intercellular gaps at the interface between tissues.

scholarly journals Cell–cell adhesion interface: orthogonal and parallel forces from contraction, protrusion, and retraction

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian W. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Mechanical Force ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Cellular Forces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Interface ◽  
Lateral Cell ◽  
Strength Of Adhesion ◽  
Cell Cell

The epithelial lateral membrane plays a central role in the integration of intercellular signals and, by doing so, is a principal determinant in the emerging properties of epithelial tissues. Mechanical force, when applied to the lateral cell–cell interface, can modulate the strength of adhesion and influence intercellular dynamics. Yet the relationship between mechanical force and epithelial cell behavior is complex and not completely understood. This commentary aims to provide an investigative look at the usage of cellular forces at the epithelial cell–cell adhesion interface.

Cross-regulation of Wnt signaling and cell adhesion

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schambony ◽  
Martin Kunz ◽  
Dietmar Gradl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Wnt Signaling

scholarly journals Ephrins and Eph Receptor Signaling in Tissue Repair and Fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Wu ◽  
Jason S. Rockel ◽  
David Lagares ◽  
Mohit Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Eph Receptor

Hydrodynamically-Confined Microflows for Cell Adhesion Strength Measurement

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin V. Christ ◽  
Kevin T. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
Biology Research ◽  
Standard Techniques

Cell adhesion plays a fundamental role in numerous physiological and pathological processes, and measurements of the adhesion strength are important in fields ranging from basic cell biology research to the development of implantable biomaterials. Our group and others have recently demonstrated that microfluidic devices offer advantages for characterizing the adhesion of cells to protein-coated surfaces [1,2]. Microfluidic devices offer many advantages over conventional assays, including the ability to apply high shear stresses in the laminar regime and the opportunity to directly observe cell behavior during testing. However, a key disadvantage is that such assays require cells to be cultured inside closed microchannels. Assays based on closed channels restrict the types of surfaces that can be examined and are not compatible with many standard techniques in cell biology research. Furthermore, while techniques for cell culture in microchannels have become common, maintaining the viability of certain types of cells in channels remains a challenge.

scholarly journals Cell segregation and border sharpening by Eph receptor–ephrin-mediated heterotypic repulsion

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (132) ◽  
pp. 20170338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet B. Taylor ◽  
Anaïs Khuong ◽  
Zhonglin Wu ◽  
Qiling Xu ◽  
Rosalind Morley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Contact Inhibition ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Eph Receptor ◽  
Cell Segregation ◽  
Cell Repulsion

Eph receptor and ephrin signalling has a major role in cell segregation and border formation, and may act through regulation of cell adhesion, repulsion or tension. To elucidate roles of cell repulsion and adhesion, we combined experiments in cell culture assays with quantitations of cell behaviour which are used in computer simulations. Cells expressing EphB2, or kinase-inactive EphB2 (kiEphB2), segregate and form a sharp border with ephrinB1-expressing cells, and this is disrupted by knockdown of N-cadherin. Measurements of contact inhibition of locomotion reveal that EphB2-, kiEphB2- and ephrinB1-expressing cells have strong heterotypic and weak homotypic repulsion. EphB2 cells have a transient increase in migration after heterotypic activation, which underlies a shift in the EphB2–ephrinB1 border but is not required for segregation or border sharpening. Simulations with the measured values of cell behaviour reveal that heterotypic repulsion can account for cell segregation and border sharpening, and is more efficient than decreased heterotypic adhesion. By suppressing homotypic repulsion, N-cadherin creates a sufficient difference between heterotypic and homotypic repulsion, and enables homotypic cohesion, both of which are required to sharpen borders.

scholarly journals Distribution of the cell substratum attachment (CSAT) antigen on myogenic and fibroblastic cells in culture.

1985 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1528-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
C H Damsky ◽  
K A Knudsen ◽  
D Bradley ◽  
C A Buck ◽  
A F Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Microfilament Bundle ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Adhesive Contacts ◽  
Fibroblastic Cells

Previous studies (Neff et al., 1982, J. Cell. Biol. 95:654-666; Decker et al., 1984. J. Cell. Biol. 99:1388-1404) have described a monoclonal antibody (CSAT Mab) directed against a complex of three integral membrane glycoproteins of 120,000-160,000 mol wt (CSAT antigen [ag]) involved in the cell matrix adhesion of myoblasts and fibroblasts. In localization studies on fibroblasts presented here, CSAT ag has a discrete, well-organized distribution pattern. It co-aligns with portions of stress fibers and is enriched at the periphery of, but not directly beneath vinculin-rich focal contacts. In this last location, it co-distributes with fibronectin, consistent with the suggestion that the CSAT ag participates in the mechanism by which fibroblasts attach to fibronectin. In prefusion myoblasts, which are rapidly detached by CSAT Mab, CSAT ag is distributed diffusely as are vinculin, laminin, and fibronectin. After fusion, myotubes become more difficult to detach with CSAT Mab. The CSAT ag and vinculin are organized in a much more discrete pattern on the myotube surface, becoming enriched at microfilament bundle termini and in lateral lamellae which appear to attach myotubes to the substratum. These results suggest that the organization of CSAT ag-adhesive complexes on the surface of myogenic cells can affect the stability of their adhesive contacts. We conclude from the sum of the studies presented that, in both myogenic and fibroblastic cells, the CSAT ag is localized in sites expected of a surface membrane mediator of cell adhesion to extracelluon of CSAT ag-adhesive complexes on the surface of myogenic cells can affect the stability of their adhesive contacts. We conclude from the sum of the studies presented that, in both myogenic and fibroblastic cells, the CSAT ag is localized in sites expected of a surface membrane mediator of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. The results from studies that use fibroblasts in particular suggest the involvement of CSAT ag in the adhesion of these cells to fibronectin.

scholarly journals Generating a Wnt switch: it’s all about the right dosage

2011 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans A. Kestler ◽  
Michael Kühl
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Wnt Proteins ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Tissue Patterning ◽  
Wnt Ligands ◽  
The Right

Wnt proteins can activate different branches of the Wnt signaling pathway, raising the question of specificity. In this issue, Nalesso et al. (2011. J. Cell Biol. doi:10.1083/jcb.201011051) provide an answer to this conundrum by showing that different concentrations of Wnt ligands can elicit different intracellular responses. These findings not only provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Wnt signaling, but also indicate how Wnt gradients might contribute to tissue patterning during embryogenesis.

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