scholarly journals DisAp-dependent striated fiber elongation is required to organize ciliary arrays

2014 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico F. Galati ◽  
Stephanie Bonney ◽  
Zev Kronenberg ◽  
Christina Clarissa ◽  
Mark Yandell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Bodies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fiber Elongation ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Multiciliated Cells ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Striated Fiber ◽  
First Time ◽  
Novel Protein

Cilia-organizing basal bodies (BBs) are microtubule scaffolds that are visibly asymmetrical because they have attached auxiliary structures, such as striated fibers. In multiciliated cells, BB orientation aligns to ensure coherent ciliary beating, but the mechanisms that maintain BB orientation are unclear. For the first time in Tetrahymena thermophila, we use comparative whole-genome sequencing to identify the mutation in the BB disorientation mutant disA-1. disA-1 abolishes the localization of the novel protein DisAp to T. thermophila striated fibers (kinetodesmal fibers; KFs), which is consistent with DisAp’s similarity to the striated fiber protein SF-assemblin. We demonstrate that DisAp is required for KFs to elongate and to resist BB disorientation in response to ciliary forces. Newly formed BBs move along KFs as they approach their cortical attachment sites. However, because they contain short KFs that are rotated, BBs in disA-1 cells display aberrant spacing and disorientation. Therefore, DisAp is a novel KF component that is essential for force-dependent KF elongation and BB orientation in multiciliary arrays.

scholarly journals Alternative RNA Editing Produces a Novel Protein Involved in Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance in Trypanosomes

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (18) ◽  
pp. 5595-5604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Ochsenreiter ◽  
Sedrick Anderson ◽  
Zachary A. Wood ◽  
Stephen L. Hajduk
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Unusual Structure ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Dna Maintenance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Novel Protein

ABSTRACT The mitochondrial genome of trypanosomes is composed of thousands of topologically interlocked circular DNA molecules that form the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). Most genes encoded by the kDNA require a posttranscriptional modification process called RNA editing to form functional mRNAs. Here, we show that alternative editing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase III (COXIII) mRNA in Trypanosoma brucei produces a novel DNA binding protein, alternatively edited protein 1 (AEP-1). AEP-1 localizes to the region of the cell between the kDNA and the flagellum and purifies with the tripartite attachment complex, a structure believed to physically link the kDNA and flagellar basal bodies. Expression of the DNA binding domain of AEP-1 results in aberrant kDNA structure and reduced cell growth, indicating that AEP-1 is involved in the maintenance of the kDNA. Perhaps most important, our studies show a gain of function through an alternatively edited mRNA and, for the first time, provide a link between the unusual structure of the kDNA and RNA editing in trypanosome mitochondria.

scholarly journals Lrrcc1 and Ccdc61 are conserved effectors of multiciliated cell function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Nommick ◽  
Camille Boutin ◽  
Olivier Rosnet ◽  
Elsa Bazellières ◽  
Virginie Thomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Animal Evolution ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Coiled Coil Domain ◽  
Multiciliated Cells ◽  
And Function

AbstractCiliated epithelia perform a variety of essential functions across animal evolution, ranging from locomotion of marine organisms to mucociliary clearance of airways in mammals. These epithelia are composed of multiciliated cells (MCCs) harbouring myriads of motile cilia, which rest on modified centrioles called basal bodies (BBs), and beat coordinately to generate directed fluid flows. Thus, BB biogenesis and organization is central to MCC function. In basal eukaryotes, the coiled-coil domain proteins Lrrcc1 and Ccdc61 were shown to be required for proper BB construction and function. Here, we used the Xenopus embryonic ciliated epidermis to characterize Lrrcc1 and Ccdc61 in vertebrate MCCs. We found that they both encode BB components, with a prominent association to striated rootlets. Knocking down either gene caused defects in BB docking, spacing, and polarization. Moreover, their depletion impaired the apical cytoskeleton, and altered ciliary beating. Consequently, cilia-powered fluid flow was greatly reduced in morphant tadpoles, which displayed enhanced mortality when exposed to pathogenic bacteria. This work illustrates how integration across organizational scales make elementary BB components essential for the emergence of the physiological function of ciliated epithelia.

Buried Narratives: Exhuming the Mother's Story in Oliver Twist

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-266
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Consideration

Initially, Oliver Twist (1839) might seem representative of the archetypal male social plot, following an orphan and finding him a place by discovering the father and settling the boy within his inheritance. But Agnes Fleming haunts this narrative, undoing its neat, linear transmission. This reconsideration of maternal inheritance and plot in the novel occurs against the backdrop of legal and social change. I extend the critical consideration of the novel's relationship to the New Poor Law by thinking about its reflection on the bastardy clauses. And here, of course, is where the mother enters. Under the bastardy clauses, the responsibility for economic maintenance of bastard children was, for the first time, legally assigned to the mother, relieving the father of any and all obligation. Oliver Twist manages to critique the bastardy clauses for their release of the father, while simultaneously embracing the placement of the mother at the head of the family line. Both Oliver and the novel thus suggest that it is the mother's story that matters, her name through which we find our own. And by containing both plots – that of the father and the mother – Oliver Twist reveals the violence implicit in traditional modes of inheritance in the novel and under the law.

Application of Novel Low Current OBIRCH Amplifier and Nanoprobing to Identify Subtle Leakages in Advanced Node Technologies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kodali ◽  
Liangshan Chen ◽  
Yuting Wei ◽  
Tanya Schaeffer ◽  
Chong Khiam Oh
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Ring Oscillator ◽  
High Signal ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Relative Threshold ◽  
First Time

Abstract Optical beam induced resistance change (OBIRCH) is a very well-adapted technique for static fault isolation in the semiconductor industry. Novel low current OBIRCH amplifier is used to facilitate safe test condition requirements for advanced nodes. This paper shows the differences between the earlier and novel generation OBIRCH amplifiers. Ring oscillator high standby leakage samples are analyzed using the novel generation amplifier. High signal to noise ratio at applied low bias and current levels on device under test are shown on various samples. Further, a metric to demonstrate the SNR to device performance is also discussed. OBIRCH analysis is performed on all the three samples for nanoprobing of, and physical characterization on, the leakage. The resulting spots were calibrated and classified. It is noted that the calibration metric can be successfully used for the first time to estimate the relative threshold voltage of individual transistors in advanced process nodes.

Rhythmic Prose in Imperial Greek Literature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
System A ◽  
First Time

The chapter looks at the division between poetry and prose in ancient and other literatures, and shows the importance of rhythmic patterning in ancient prose. The development of rhythmic prose in Greek and Latin is sketched, the system explained and illustrated (from Latin). It is firmly established, for the first time, which of the main Greek non-Christian authors 31 BC–AD 300 write rhythmically. The method takes a substantial sample of random sentence-endings (usually 400) from each of a large number of Imperial authors; it compares that sample with one sample of the same size (400) drawn randomly from a range of authors earlier than the invention of this rhythmic system. A particular sort of X2-test is applied. Many Imperial authors, it emerges, write rhythmically; many do not. The genres most likely to offer rhythmic writing are, unexpectedly, narrative: historiography and the novel.

Kidnapped

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Louis Stevenson ◽  
Ian Duncan
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
First Time ◽  
Adventure Stories

Your bed shall be the moorcock’s, and your life shall be like the hunted deer’s, and ye shall sleep with your hand upon your weapons.’ Tricked out of his inheritance, shanghaied, shipwrecked off the west coast of Scotland, David Balfour finds himself fleeing for his life in the dangerous company of Jacobite outlaw and suspected assassin Alan Breck Stewart. Their unlikely friendship is put to the test as they dodge government troops across the Scottish Highlands. Set in the aftermath of the 1745 rebellion, Kidnapped transforms the Romantic historical novel into the modern thriller. Its heart-stopping scenes of cross-country pursuit, distilled to a pure intensity in Stevenson’s prose, have become a staple of adventure stories from John Buchan to Alfred Hitchcock and Ian Fleming. Kidnapped remains as exhilarating today as when it was first published in 1886. This new edition is based on the 1895 text, incorporating Stevenson’s last thoughts about the novel before his death. It includes Stevenson’s ‘Note to Kidnapped’, reprinted for the first time since 1922.

ALS2CL, the novel protein highly homologous to the carboxy-terminal half of ALS2, binds to Rab5 and modulates endosome dynamics

FEBS Letters ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 575 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Hadano ◽  
Asako Otomo ◽  
Kyoko Suzuki-Utsunomiya ◽  
Ryota Kunita ◽  
Yoshiko Yanagisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Carboxy Terminal ◽  
Novel Protein

scholarly journals Functional Redundancy of the B9 Proteins and Nephrocystins in Caenorhabditis elegans Ciliogenesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 2154-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey L. Williams ◽  
Marlene E. Winkelbauer ◽  
Jenny C. Schafer ◽  
Edward J. Michaud ◽  
Bradley K. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Cystic Kidney ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Cilia Formation ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Candidate Loci

Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS), nephronophthisis (NPHP), and Joubert syndrome (JBTS) are a group of heterogeneous cystic kidney disorders with partially overlapping loci. Many of the proteins associated with these diseases interact and localize to cilia and/or basal bodies. One of these proteins is MKS1, which is disrupted in some MKS patients and contains a B9 motif of unknown function that is found in two other mammalian proteins, B9D2 and B9D1. Caenorhabditis elegans also has three B9 proteins: XBX-7 (MKS1), TZA-1 (B9D2), and TZA-2 (B9D1). Herein, we report that the C. elegans B9 proteins form a complex that localizes to the base of cilia. Mutations in the B9 genes do not overtly affect cilia formation unless they are in combination with a mutation in nph-1 or nph-4, the homologues of human genes (NPHP1 and NPHP4, respectively) that are mutated in some NPHP patients. Our data indicate that the B9 proteins function redundantly with the nephrocystins to regulate the formation and/or maintenance of cilia and dendrites in the amphid and phasmid ciliated sensory neurons. Together, these data suggest that the human homologues of the novel B9 genes B9D2 and B9D1 will be strong candidate loci for pathologies in human MKS, NPHP, and JBTS.

scholarly journals New terpenoid metabolites from the skin extracts, an egg mass, and dietary sponges of the Northeastern Pacific dorid nudibranch Cadlinaluteomarginata

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Dumdei ◽  
Julia Kubanek ◽  
John E. Coleman ◽  
Jana Pika ◽  
Raymond J. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
First Time

Chemical investigations of Cadlinaluteomarginata skin extracts, egg masses, and dietary sponges have led to the identification of the novel terpenoids cadlinaldehyde (30), spongian 32, seco-spongian 35, 20-acetoxy-12-marginatone (38), and lutenolide (39) from the nudibranch skin extracts, the new drimane sesquiterpenoid 1α,2α-diacetoxyalbicanyl acetate (40) from the nudibranch's egg mass, and the new sesquiterpenoids O-methyl-9-oxofurodysininlactone (47), 2-oxomicro-cionin-2-lactone (48), and O-methyl-2-oxomicrocionin-2-lactone (49), from the dietary sponge Pleraplysilla sp. The known terpenoids furodysinin (1), furodysin (16), marginatafuran (21), and 9,11-dihydrogracillin A (37), which have been frequently isolated from C. luteomarginata skin extracts, were found for the first time in extracts of the dietary sponges Pleraplysilla sp. and Aplysilla sp. One of the new terpenoids, cadlinaldehyde (30), has an unprecedented degraded sesterterpenoid skeleton. Keywords: nudibranch, sponge, terpenoids, structure elucidation.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of the Gene Encoding a New AmpC β-Lactamase in a Clinical Strain of Acinetobacter Genomic Species 3

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1374-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Beceiro ◽  
Lourdes Dominguez ◽  
Anna Ribera ◽  
Jordi Vila ◽  
Francisca Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Genomic Species ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT A presumptive chromosomal cephalosporinase (pI, 9.0) from a clinical strain of Acinetobacter genomic species 3 (AG3) is reported. The nucleotide sequence of this β-lactamase shows for the first time the gene encoding an AmpC enzyme in AG3. In addition, the biochemical properties of the novel AG3 AmpC β-lactamase are reported

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