scholarly journals Identification and characterization of two novel primate-specific histone H3 variants, H3.X and H3.Y

2010 ◽  
Vol 190 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja M. Wiedemann ◽  
Silke N. Mildner ◽  
Clemens Bönisch ◽  
Lars Israel ◽  
Andreas Maiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Histone Variants ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Cellular Density ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Nucleosomal incorporation of specialized histone variants is an important mechanism to generate different functional chromatin states. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of two novel primate-specific histone H3 variants, H3.X and H3.Y. Their messenger RNAs are found in certain human cell lines, in addition to several normal and malignant human tissues. In keeping with their primate specificity, H3.X and H3.Y are detected in different brain regions. Transgenic H3.X and H3.Y proteins are stably incorporated into chromatin in a similar fashion to the known H3 variants. Importantly, we demonstrate biochemically and by mass spectrometry that endogenous H3.Y protein exists in vivo, and that stress stimuli, such as starvation and cellular density, increase the abundance of H3.Y-expressing cells. Global transcriptome analysis revealed that knockdown of H3.Y affects cell growth and leads to changes in the expression of many genes involved in cell cycle control. Thus, H3.Y is a novel histone variant involved in the regulation of cellular responses to outside stimuli.

scholarly journals The thermostable 4,6-α-glucanotransferase of Bacillus coagulans DSM 1 synthesizes isomaltooligosaccharides

Amylase ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Gang Xiang ◽  
Piet L. Buwalda ◽  
Marc J.E.C van der Maarel ◽  
Hans Leemhuis
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
Rat Intestine ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Starch Conversion ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Hydrolase Family

Abstract The 4,6-α-glucanotransferases of the glycoside hydrolase family 70 can convert starch into isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs). However, no thermostable 4,6-α-glucanotransferases have been reported to date, limiting their applicability in the starch conversion industry. Here we report the identification and characterization of a thermostable 4,6-α-glucanotransferase from Bacillus coagulans DSM 1. The gene was cloned and the recombinant protein, called BcGtfC, was produced in Escherichia coli. BcGtfC is stable up to 66 °C in the presence of substrate. It converts debranched starch into an IMO product with a high percentage of α-1,6-glycosidic linkages and a relatively high molecular weight compared to commercially available IMOs. Importantly, the product is only partly and very slowly digested by rat intestine powder, suggesting that the IMO will provide a low glycaemic response in vivo when applied as food ingredient. Thus, BcGtfC is a thermostable 4,6-α-glucanotransferase suitable for the industrial production of slowly digestible IMOs from starch.

scholarly journals Investigating the RAS can be a fishy business: interdisciplinary opportunities using Zebrafish

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (23) ◽  
pp. 2469-2481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Hoffmann ◽  
Linda Mullins ◽  
Charlotte Buckley ◽  
Sebastien Rider ◽  
John Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
Ras Inhibition ◽  
Zebrafish Pronephros ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Structural Simplicity

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is highly conserved, and components of the RAS are present in all vertebrates to some degree. Although the RAS has been studied since the discovery of renin, its biological role continues to broaden with the identification and characterization of new peptides. The evolutionarily distant zebrafish is a remarkable model for studying the kidney due to its genetic tractability and accessibility for in vivo imaging. The zebrafish pronephros is an especially useful kidney model due to its structural simplicity yet complex functionality, including capacity for glomerular and tubular filtration. Both the pronephros and mesonephros contain renin-expressing perivascular cells, which respond to RAS inhibition, making the zebrafish an excellent model for studying the RAS. This review summarizes the physiological and genetic tools currently available for studying the zebrafish kidney with regards to functionality of the RAS, using novel imaging techniques such as SPIM microscopy coupled with targeted single cell ablation and synthesis of vasoactive RAS peptides.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of DAlk: a novel Drosophila melanogaster RTK which drives ERK activation in vivo

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina E. Lorén ◽  
Audra Scully ◽  
Caroline Grabbe ◽  
Philip T. Edeen ◽  
John Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Erk Activation ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of T reg–like cells in zebrafish

2017 ◽  
Vol 214 (12) ◽  
pp. 3519-3530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Kasheta ◽  
Corrie A. Painter ◽  
Finola E. Moore ◽  
Riadh Lobbardi ◽  
Alysia Bryll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Live Cell Imaging ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Regulatory T (T reg) cells are a specialized sublineage of T lymphocytes that suppress autoreactive T cells. Functional studies of T reg cells in vitro have defined multiple suppression mechanisms, and studies of T reg–deficient humans and mice have made clear the important role that these cells play in preventing autoimmunity. However, many questions remain about how T reg cells act in vivo. Specifically, it is not clear which suppression mechanisms are most important, where T reg cells act, and how they get there. To begin to address these issues, we sought to identify T reg cells in zebrafish, a model system that provides unparalleled advantages in live-cell imaging and high-throughput genetic analyses. Using a FOXP3 orthologue as a marker, we identified CD4-enriched, mature T lymphocytes with properties of T reg cells. Zebrafish mutant for foxp3a displayed excess T lymphocytes, splenomegaly, and a profound inflammatory phenotype that was suppressed by genetic ablation of lymphocytes. This study identifies T reg–like cells in zebrafish, providing both a model to study the normal functions of these cells in vivo and mutants to explore the consequences of their loss.

LC-ESI-MS/MS identification and characterization of ponatinib in vivo phase I and phase II metabolites

2018 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed W. Attwa ◽  
Adnan A. Kadi ◽  
Hany W. Darwish ◽  
Sawsan M. Amer ◽  
Haitham AlRabiah
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Phase Ii Metabolites ◽  
Identification And Characterization
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