scholarly journals Nuclear export of OLIG2 in neural stem cells is essential for ciliary neurotrophic factor–induced astrocyte differentiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (7) ◽  
pp. 963-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Setoguchi ◽  
Toru Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Extracellular Signals ◽  
Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Astrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Development

Neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation is precisely controlled by a network of transcription factors, which themselves are regulated by extracellular signals (Bertrand et al., 2002; Shirasakiand and Pfaff, 2002). One way that the activity of such transcription factors is controlled is by the regulation of their movement between the cytosol and nucleus (Vandromme et al., 1996. Lei and Silver, 2002). Here we show that the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor OLIG2, which has been shown to be required for motor neuron and oligodendrocyte development, is found in the cytoplasm, but not the nucleus, of astrocytes in culture and of a subset of astrocytes in the subventricular zone. We demonstrate that the accumulation of OLIG2 in the nucleus of NSCs blocks the CNTF-induced astrocyte differentiation and that the translocation of OLIG2 to the cytoplasm is promoted by activated AKT. We propose that the AKT-stimulated export of OLIG2 from the nucleus of NSCs is essential for the astrocyte differentiation.

scholarly journals Subcellular Localization Signals of bHLH-PAS Proteins: Their Significance, Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4746
Author(s):  
Beata Greb-Markiewicz ◽  
Marta Kolonko
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Nuclear Localization Signals ◽  
Extracellular Signals ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Current State ◽  
Activation Of Transcription ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Current Stage

The bHLH-PAS (basic helix-loop-helix/ Period-ARNT-Single minded) proteins are a family of transcriptional regulators commonly occurring in living organisms. bHLH-PAS members act as intracellular and extracellular “signals” sensors, initiating response to endo- and exogenous signals, including toxins, redox potential, and light. The activity of these proteins as transcription factors depends on nucleocytoplasmic shuttling: the signal received in the cytoplasm has to be transduced, via translocation, to the nucleus. It leads to the activation of transcription of particular genes and determines the cell response to different stimuli. In this review, we aim to present the current state of knowledge concerning signals that affect shuttling of bHLH-PAS transcription factors. We summarize experimentally verified and published nuclear localization signals/nuclear export signals (NLSs/NESs) in the context of performed in silico predictions. We have used most of the available NLS/NES predictors. Importantly, all our results confirm the existence of a complex system responsible for protein localization regulation that involves many localization signals, which activity has to be precisely controlled. We conclude that the current stage of knowledge in this area is still not complete and for most of bHLH-PAS proteins an experimental verification of the activity of further NLS/NES is needed.

scholarly journals A Classification of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors of Soybean

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Hudson ◽  
Matthew E. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Soybean Genome ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Bhlh Genes ◽  
Wide Range

The complete genome sequence of soybean allows an unprecedented opportunity for the discovery of the genes controlling important traits. In particular, the potential functions of regulatory genes are a priority for analysis. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors is known to be involved in controlling a wide range of systems critical for crop adaptation and quality, including photosynthesis, light signalling, pigment biosynthesis, and seed pod development. Using a hidden Markov model search algorithm, 319 genes with basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor domains were identified within the soybean genome sequence. These were classified with respect to their predicted DNA binding potential, intron/exon structure, and the phylogeny of the bHLH domain. Evidence is presented that the vast majority (281) of these 319 soybean bHLH genes are expressed at the mRNA level. Of these soybean bHLH genes, 67% were found to exist in two or more homeologous copies. This dataset provides a framework for future studies on bHLH gene function in soybean. The challenge for future research remains to define functions for the bHLH factors encoded in the soybean genome, which may allow greater flexibility for genetic selection of growth and environmental adaptation in this widely grown crop.

A genome-wide survey on basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in rat and mouse

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zheng ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
Q. Yao ◽  
Z. Yang ◽  
K. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Wide Survey
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document