scholarly journals REUTILIZATION OF LYMPHOCYTE DNA BY CELLS OF INTESTINAL CRYPTS AND REGENERATING LIVER

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Peyer's Patch ◽  
Intestinal Crypt ◽  
Recipient Liver

Lymphoid cells from mice injected 54 hours and 30 hours earlier with 3H-thymidine were washed and transfused into isogenic recipients at 29 to 30 hours after partial hepatectomy. The recipients were killed 28 to 30 hours later, and liver, intestine, Peyer's patch, spleen, and the transfused cells were examined in autoradiographs exposed 6 months. Approximately 80 per cent of the labeled transfused cells were classed as lymphocytes. The labeled DNA contained in the transfused cells was partitioned to about 14 times as many recipient liver and intestinal cells, appearing in 72 to 78 per cent of hepatocyte nuclei, in 30 to 35 per cent of liver reticuloendothelial nuclei, and in 90 to 95 per cent of intestinal crypt nuclei. The label was not comparably widespread in the lymphoid organs, but was limited to a few intensely labeled lymphocytes and a somewhat larger number of very weakly labeled cells. When heat-killed cells rather than living cells were transfused, intensely labeled lymphocytes were absent from the lymphoid organs, but the labeling of cells in the recipients was otherwise identical. The results suggest that (a) reutilized DNA is derived from dead cells, (b) reutilized DNA is mainly degraded to nucleosides and nucleotides, the usual immediate de novo DNA precursors, before reincorporation into DNA, and (c) DNA reutilization may occur in the lymphoid organs, but on a less active scale than in intestine or regenerating liver.

scholarly journals Glucosamine metabolism in regenerating rat liver

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Akamatsu ◽  
H Nakajima ◽  
S Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Glycoprotein Synthesis

1. Glycoprotein synthesis was investigated with [1-14C]glucosamine in vivo. [14C]Glucosamine was administered intravenously 24h after hepatectomy to rats. 2. Incorporation into the acid-soluble fraction was maximum at 15 min after injection both in sham-operated and hepatectomized rats. 3. Enhancement of incorporation into UDP-N-acetylhexosamine in regenerating liver was observed. However, its specific activity was lower, because of a greater enhancement of synthesis de novo of the amino sugar. 4. In the liver acid-insoluble fraction, maximum incorporation of [14C]glucosamine was at 30 min in sham-operated rats and 2 h in hepatectomized rats respectively. 5. In sham-operated rats, incorporation into the plasma acid-insoluble fraction followed that of the liver acid-insoluble fraction, but hepatectomy resulted in a rapid enchancement of incorporation into plasma. 6. It is concluded that synthesis of liver glycoproteins is stimulated after partial hepatectomy and that glycoproteins synthesized are released rapidly into the plasma.

scholarly journals Fatty acid synthesis in the regenerating liver of the rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C D Gove ◽  
D A Hems
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Regenerating Liver

1. Synthesis de novo of fatty acids in the rat liver, measured per g wet wt. of tissue, was increased by a factor of about two, between 1 and 4 days after partial hepatectomy, compared with rates in sham-operated control rat livers. 2. There were no associated changes in the rates of liver cholesterol synthesis or of adipose-tissue fatty acid synthesis in rats after partial hepatectomy, compared with rates in sham-operated rats. 3. In regenerating livers, perfused under three different conditions, there was no alteration in the capacity for fatty acid synthesis compared with that of control rats. 4. The increased synthesis of fatty acids in regenerating liver was associated with insignificant increases in plasma concentrations of tricylglycerols and free fatty acids, with a decrease in content of liver glycogen, and with no change in hepatic activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. 5. The accelerated rate of synthesis of fatty adids in regenerating liver appears not to be due to any intrinsic alteration in hepatic capacity for fatty acid synthesis, but it may be caused by the continuous action on liver of unidentified circulating factors.

scholarly journals Macro- and microtranscriptomic evidence of the monocyte recruitment to regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy in mouse model

2021 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 111516
Author(s):  
Andrey Elchaninov ◽  
Maria Nikitina ◽  
Polina Vishnyakova ◽  
Anastasia Lokhonina ◽  
Andrey Makarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Monocyte Recruitment

De Novo-Designed Landmine Warfare Strategy Luminophore for Super-resolution Imaging Reveal ONOO- evolution in Living Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 130151
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
Chengying Zhang ◽  
Yongchun Wei ◽  
Huimin Chen ◽  
Lingxiu Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Resolution Imaging

scholarly journals IL-10 Directly Activates and Expands Tumor-Resident CD8+ T Cells without De Novo Infiltration from Secondary Lymphoid Organs

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (14) ◽  
pp. 3570-3581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Emmerich ◽  
John B. Mumm ◽  
Ivan H. Chan ◽  
Drake LaFace ◽  
Hoa Truong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Secondary Lymphoid Organs

DEOXYCYTIDYLATE DEAMINASE LEVELS IN REGENERATING RAT LIVER

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Myers ◽  
C. Anne Hemphill ◽  
Constance M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Regenerating Rat Liver ◽  
High Level ◽  
Early Regeneration

Deoxycytidylate deaminase activity and net synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in vivo were found to increase at approximately the same time during the early stages of liver regeneration. However, deaminase activity in the regenerating liver remained at a high level for 1 day after DNA synthesis had slowed down again during the later stages of regeneration. The increase in deaminase activity was restricted as a result of exposure to 600 r X radiation during early regeneration, but this effect only became evident 11–16 hours after the irradiation. Irradiation on the second day after partial hepatectomy, when deaminase levels in control regenerating livers were relatively constant, failed to affect the deaminase activity immediately but did produce a 40–50% decrease in activity 11–16 hours later. Other antimitotic agents, e.g., colchicine, had little effect on deaminase activity.

Effects of 2′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine on regenerating liver following partial hepatectomy in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.Mark Hoyle ◽  
Albert Banes ◽  
Stephen Bernard ◽  
Colin G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Regenerating Liver

scholarly journals An Artificially Constructed De Novo Human Chromosome Behaves Almost Identically to Its Natural Counterpart during Metaphase and Anaphase in Living Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 7682-7695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Tsuduki ◽  
Megumi Nakano ◽  
Nao Yasuoka ◽  
Saeko Yamazaki ◽  
Teruaki Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Lac Repressor ◽  
Host Chromosome ◽  
Artificial Chromosomes ◽  
Spindle Midzone

ABSTRACT Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) are promising reagents for the analysis of chromosome function. While HACs are maintained stably, the segregation mechanisms of HACs have not been investigated in detail. To analyze HACs in living cells, we integrated 256 copies of the Lac operator into a precursor yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) containing α-satellite DNA and generated green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged HACs in HT1080 cells expressing a GFP-Lac repressor fusion protein. Time-lapse analyses of GFP-HACs and host centromeres in living mitotic cells indicated that the HAC was properly aligned at the spindle midzone and that sister chromatids of the HAC separated with the same timing as host chromosomes and moved to the spindle poles with mobility similar to that of the host centromeres. These results indicate that a HAC composed of a multimer of input α-satellite YACs retains most of the functions of the centromeres on natural chromosomes. The only difference between the HAC and the host chromosome was that the HAC oscillated more frequently, at higher velocity, across the spindle midzone during metaphase. However, this provides important evidence that an individual HAC has the capacity to maintain tensional balance in the pole-to-pole direction, thereby stabilizing its position around the spindle midzone.

scholarly journals Alternative pathways for the development of lymphoid structures in humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (29) ◽  
pp. e2108082118
Author(s):  
Laureline Berteloot ◽  
Thierry Jo Molina ◽  
Julie Bruneau ◽  
Capucine Picard ◽  
Vincent Barlogis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Cell Engraftment ◽  
Host Origin ◽  
Corticomedullary Differentiation ◽  
Lymphoid Structures

Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are critical for inducing the differentiation of most secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) in mice. In humans, JAK3 and γc deficiencies result in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCIDs) characterized by an absence of T cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and presumably LTi cells. Some of these patients have undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the absence of myeloablation, which leads to donor T cell engraftment, while other leukocyte subsets are of host origin. By using MRI to look for SLOs in nine of these patients 16 to 44 y after HSCT, we discovered that SLOs were exclusively found in the three areas of the abdomen that drain the intestinal tract. A postmortem examination of a child with γc-SCID who had died 3.5 mo after HSCT showed corticomedullary differentiation in the thymus, T cell zones in the spleen, and the appendix, but in neither lymph nodes nor Peyer patches. Tertiary lymphoid organs were observed in the lung. No RAR-related orphan receptor-positive LTi cells could be detected in the existing lymphoid structures. These results suggest that while LTi cells are required for the genesis of most SLOs in humans, SLO in the appendix and in gut-draining areas, as well as tertiary lymphoid organs, can be generated likely by LTi cell-independent mechanisms.

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