scholarly journals Centriolar Satellites

1999 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiharu Kubo ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasaki ◽  
Akiko Yuba-Kubo ◽  
Shoichiro Tsukita ◽  
Nobuyuki Shiina
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Pericentriolar Material ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells

We identified Xenopus pericentriolar material-1 (PCM-1), which had been reported to constitute pericentriolar material, cloned its cDNA, and generated a specific pAb against this molecule. Immunolabeling revealed that PCM-1 was not a pericentriolar material protein, but a specific component of centriolar satellites, morphologically characterized as electron-dense granules, ∼70–100 nm in diameter, scattered around centrosomes. Using a GFP fusion protein with PCM-1, we found that PCM-1–containing centriolar satellites moved along microtubules toward their minus ends, i.e., toward centrosomes, in live cells, as well as in vitro reconstituted asters. These findings defined centriolar satellites at the molecular level, and explained their pericentriolar localization. Next, to understand the relationship between centriolar satellites and centriolar replication, we examined the expression and subcellular localization of PCM-1 in ciliated epithelial cells during ciliogenesis. When ciliogenesis was induced in mouse nasal respiratory epithelial cells, PCM-1 immunofluorescence was markedly elevated at the apical cytoplasm. At the electron microscopic level, anti–PCM-1 pAb exclusively labeled fibrous granules, but not deuterosomes, both of which have been suggested to play central roles in centriolar replication in ciliogenesis. These findings suggested that centriolar satellites and fibrous granules are identical novel nonmembranous organelles containing PCM-1, which may play some important role(s) in centriolar replication.

Murine Tracheal and Nasal Septal Epithelium for Air–Liquid Interface Cultures: A Comparative Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford A. Woodworth ◽  
Marcelo B. Antunes ◽  
Geeta Bhargave ◽  
James N. Palmer ◽  
Noam A. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Total Cell Population ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial ◽  
Air Liquid Interface ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells

Background Air–liquid interface cultures using murine tracheal respiratory epithelium have revolutionized the in vitro study of airway diseases. However, these cultures often are impractical because of the small number of respiratory epithelial cells that can be isolated from the mouse trachea. The ability to study ciliary physiology in vitro is of utmost importance in the research of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Our hypothesis is that the murine nasal septum is a better source of ciliated respiratory epithelium to develop respiratory epithelial air–liquid interface models. Methods Nasal septa and tracheas were harvested from 10 BALB/c mice. The nasal septa were harvested by using a simple and straightforward novel technique. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on all specimens. Cell counts of ciliated respiratory epithelial cells were performed at one standard magnification (1535×). Comparative analysis of proximal and distal trachea, midanterior and midposterior nasal septal epithelium, was performed. Results Independent cell counts revealed highly significant differences in the proportion of cell populations (p < 0.00001). Ciliated cell counts for the trachea (106.9 ± 28) were an average of 38.7% of the total cell population. Nasal septal ciliated epithelial cells (277.5 ± 16) comprised 90.1% of the total cell population. Conclusion To increase the yield of respiratory epithelial cells harvested from mice, we have found that the nasal septum is a far superior source when compared with the trachea. The greater surface area and increased concentration of ciliated epithelial cells has the potential to provide an eightfold increase in epithelial cells for the development of air–liquid interface cultures.

scholarly journals Receptor analogs and monoclonal antibodies that inhibit adherence of Bordetella pertussis to human ciliated respiratory epithelial cells.

1988 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Tuomanen ◽  
H Towbin ◽  
G Rosenfelder ◽  
D Braun ◽  
G Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Respiratory Cilia ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells ◽  
Receptor Antibodies

The adherence of Bordetella pertussis to human respiratory cilia is critical to the pathogenesis of whooping cough. To explore the development of agents that could interrupt adherence, the structure of the receptor on the ciliary surface was investigated. Using an in vitro adherence assay to human ciliated epithelial cells, galactose, lactose, and complex carbohydrates containing lactose eliminated adherence when preincubated with the bacteria. 10(-2) M galactose eluted adherent bacteria from cilia. B. pertussis and its two purified adhesins bound specifically to natural lactose-containing glycolipids in a TLC assay. mAbs to eukaryotic glycoconjugates with specificity for substituted galactose-glucose moieties blocked adherence when preincubated with ciliated cells. The carbohydrates that serve as receptors for B. pertussis on human cilia are galactose-glucose-containing glycolipids. Receptor analogs and anti-receptor antibodies effectively block adherence of B. pertussis to cilia and thus should be considered candidates for therapeutic intervention against disease.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma pneumoniae carriage evades induction of protective mucosal antibodies

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100129
Author(s):  
Ruben Cornelis Anthonie de Groot ◽  
Silvia Cristina Estevão ◽  
Patrick Michael Meyer Sauteur ◽  
Aditya Perkasa ◽  
Theo Hoogenboezem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial ◽  
Nested Case Control

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in children hospitalised for community-acquired pneumonia. Prevention of infection by vaccines may be an important strategy in the presence of emerging macrolide resistant M. pneumoniae. However, knowledge of immune responses to M. pneumoniae is limited, complicating vaccine design. We therefore studied the antibody response during M. pneumoniae infection and asymptomatic carriage.In a nested case-control study (n=80) of M. pneumoniae carriers and matched controls we observed that carriage by M. pneumoniae does not lead to a rise in either mucosal or systemic M. pneumoniae-specific antibodies, even after months of persistent carriage. We replicated this finding in a second cohort (n=69) and also found that during M. pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia, mucosal levels of M. pneumoniae-specific IgA and IgG did increase significantly. In vitro adhesion assays revealed that high levels of M. pneumoniae-specific antibodies in nasal secretions of paediatric patients prevented the adhesion of M. pneumoniae to respiratory epithelial cells.In conclusion, our study demonstrates that M. pneumoniae-specific mucosal antibodies protect against bacterial adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells and are induced only during M. pneumoniae infection and not during asymptomatic carriage. This is strikingly different from carriage with bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae where mucosal antibodies are induced by bacterial carriage.

scholarly journals Anti-proliferative activities of Centella asiatica extracts on human respiratory epithelial cells in vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 864-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Mohd Heikal ◽  
Mariam, H Siti ◽  
Ilham, A. Mohd ◽  
Fong, C. Mee ◽  
B. S. Aminuddin, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial

scholarly journals Moxifloxacin and Azithromycin but not Amoxicillin Protect Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells against Streptococcus pneumoniae In Vitro when Administered up to 6 Hours after Challenge

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 5119-5122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Ulrich ◽  
Cordula Albers ◽  
Jan-Georg Möller ◽  
Axel Dalhoff ◽  
Gisela Korfmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Respiratory Cells ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial

ABSTRACT We determined the protective effect of moxifloxacin, azithromycin, and amoxicillin against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection of respiratory cells. Moxifloxacin and azithromycin effectively killed intracellular S. pneumoniae strains and protected respiratory epithelial cells significantly even when given 6 h after S. pneumoniae challenge. Amoxicillin was less effective.

scholarly journals Inability of Haemophilus haemolyticus to invade respiratory epithelial cells in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1341-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Dale A. Kunde ◽  
Stephen G. Tristram
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits TMPRSS2 in Human Airway Epithelial Cells: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Giulia Pozzi ◽  
Elena Masselli ◽  
Giuliana Gobbi ◽  
Prisco Mirandola ◽  
Luis Taborda-Barata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Cells ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial

The COVID-19 pandemic has now affected around 190 million people worldwide, accounting for more than 4 million confirmed deaths. Besides ongoing global vaccination, finding protective and therapeutic strategies is an urgent clinical need. SARS-CoV-2 mostly infects the host organism via the respiratory system, requiring angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) to enter target cells. Therefore, these surface proteins are considered potential druggable targets. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter produced by several cell types and is also part of natural compounds, such as sulfurous waters that are often inhaled as low-intensity therapy and prevention in different respiratory conditions. H2S is a potent biological mediator, with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and, as more recently shown, also anti-viral activities. Considering that respiratory epithelial cells can be directly exposed to H2S by inhalation, here we tested the in vitro effects of H2S-donors on TMPRSS2 and ACE2 expression in human upper and lower airway epithelial cells. We showed that H2S significantly reduces the expression of TMPRSS2 without modifying ACE2 expression both in respiratory cell lines and primary human upper and lower airway epithelial cells. Results suggest that inhalational exposure of respiratory epithelial cells to natural H2S sources may hinder SARS-CoV-2 entry into airway epithelial cells and, consequently, potentially prevent the virus from spreading into the lower respiratory tract and the lung.

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