scholarly journals Testicular development involves the spatiotemporal control of PDGFs and PDGF receptors gene expression and action.

1995 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Gnessi ◽  
A Emidi ◽  
E A Jannini ◽  
E Carosa ◽  
M Maroder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Spatiotemporal Control ◽  
Pdgf Isoforms ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are growth-regulatory molecules that stimulate chemotaxis, proliferation and metabolism primarily of cells of mesenchymal origin. In this study, we found high levels of PDGFs and PDGFs receptors (PDGFRs) mRNAs, and specific immunostaining for the corresponding proteins in the rat testis. PDGFs and PDGFRs expression was shown to be developmentally regulated and tissue specific. Expression of PDGFs and PDGFRs genes was observed in whole testis RNA 2 d before birth, increased through postnatal day 5 and fell to low levels in adult. The predominant cell population expressing transcripts of the PDGFs and PDGFRs genes during prenatal and early postnatal periods were Sertoli cells and peritubular myoid cells (PMC) or their precursors, respectively, while in adult animals PDGFs and PDGFRs were confined in Leydig cells. We also found that early postnatal Sertoli cells produce PDGF-like substances and that this production is inhibited dose dependently by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The expression of PDGFRs by PMC and of PDGFs by Sertoli cells corresponds in temporal sequence to the developmental period of PMC proliferation and migration from the interstitium to the peritubulum. Moreover, we observed that all the PDGF isoforms and the medium conditioned by early postnatal Sertoli cells show a strong chemotactic activity for PMC which is inhibited by anti-PDGF antibodies. These data indicate that, through the spatiotemporal pattern of PDGF ligands and receptors expression, PDGF may play a role in testicular development and homeostasis.

scholarly journals Low retinoic acid levels mediate regionalization of the Sertoli valve in the terminal segment of mouse seminiferous tubules

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasane Imura-Kishi ◽  
Aya Uchida ◽  
Naoki Tsunekawa ◽  
Hitomi Suzuki ◽  
Hinako M. Takase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Terminal Segment ◽  
Rete Testis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Replacement Experiment

AbstractIn mammalian testes, undifferentiated spermatogonia (Aundiff) undergo differentiation in response to retinoic acid (RA), while their progenitor states are partially maintained by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Sertoli valve (SV) is a region located at the terminal end of seminiferous tubule (ST) adjacent to the rete testis (RT), where the high density of Aundiff is constitutively maintained with the absence of active spermatogenesis. However, the molecular and cellular characteristics of SV epithelia still remain unclear. In this study, we first identified the region-specific AKT phosphorylation in the SV Sertoli cells and demonstrated non-cell autonomous specialization of Sertoli cells in the SV region by performing a Sertoli cell ablation/replacement experiment. The expression of Fgf9 was detected in the RT epithelia, while the exogenous administration of FGF9 caused ectopic AKT phosphorylation in the Sertoli cells of convoluted ST. Furthermore, we revealed the SV region-specific expression of Cyp26a1, which encodes an RA-degrading enzyme, and demonstrated that the increased RA levels in the SV region disrupt its pool of Aundiff by inducing their differentiation. Taken together, RT-derived FGFs and low levels of RA signaling contribute to the non-cell-autonomous regionalization of the SV epithelia and its local maintenance of Aundiff in the SV region.

scholarly journals Microglia-Specific Expression of HEXA and HEXB Leads to Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxian Jia ◽  
Wenbin Zhang ◽  
Junle Zhu ◽  
Changgang Huang ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Sandhoff Disease ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tay Sachs Disease ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Function ◽  
Important Enzyme ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest cancers in brain. There have been few treatment advances for GBM despite increasing scientific understanding of this disease. β-hexosaminidase (Hex) is an important enzyme system in human body, encoded by two genes, HEXA and HEXB, are closely related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as Sandhoff disease (SD) and Tay-Sachs disease (TSD). However, the expression pattern and function of HEXA and HEXB in GBM remains unclear. Here, we found that both the mRNA and protein expression levels of HEXA and HEXB were significantly upregulated in GBM patient samples. The results from single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) database and double immunostaining showed that HEXA and HEXB were specifically expressed in microglia in GBM patient samples. Furthermore, our in vitro experiments revealed that conditioned media from HEXA and HEXB knockdown-microglia cells could inhibit the proliferation and migration of GBM cells. Finally, according to survival analysis based on online database, higher expression of HEXA and HEXB was associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that microglial HEXA and HEXB play fundamental role in GBM progression, and they will be potential biomarkers for GBM.

scholarly journals Zinc-regulating Proteins, ZnT-1, and Metallothionein I/II Are Present in Different Cell Populations in the Mouse Testis

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vered Elgazar ◽  
Vladimir Razanov ◽  
Meredin Stoltenberg ◽  
Michal Hershfinkel ◽  
Mahmoud Huleihel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
Cell Marker ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Intracellular Zinc ◽  
Dual Label

Zinc ions play an important role in testis development and spermatogenesis. Thus, nutritional zinc deficiency leads to aberrant testicular development, reduced spermatogenesis, and male sterility. The precise actions of zinc in mediating these functions and the mechanisms by which zinc is itself regulated in the testis, however, have not been adequately elucidated. We have assessed the distribution of the zinc-regulating proteins ZnT-1 and metallothionein I/II (MT I/II) in the mouse seminiferous tubule. Colabeling for ZnT-1 and MT I/II demonstrated unique patterns of distribution for these proteins, with ZnT-1 present in Sertoli cells in addition to luminal spermatozoa and MT I/II restricted to spermatocytes. These findings were confirmed by dual-label immunofluorescence for ZnT-1 and the Sertoli cell marker, vimentin, and by immunoelectron microscopy. The differential expression patterns of ZnT-1 and MTs support the hypothesis that ZnT-1 and MTs play different roles in the regulation of intracellular zinc in this organ. The specific expression of ZnT-1 in the Sertoli cells, moreover, is consistent with their role in maintaining a nurturing, closely regulated environment for spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals Comparative aspects of implantation

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuller W Bazer ◽  
Thomas E Spencer ◽  
Greg A Johnson ◽  
Robert C Burghardt ◽  
Guoyao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Uterine Receptivity ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Migration ◽  
Pregnancy Recognition ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Uterine receptivity to implantation of blastocysts in mammals includes hatching from zona pellucida, precontact with uterine luminal (LE) and superficial glandular (sGE) epithelia and orientation of blastocyst, apposition between trophectoderm and uterine LE and sGE, adhesion of trophectoderm to uterine LE/sGE, and, in some species, limited or extensive invasion into the endometrial stroma and induction of decidualization of stromal cells. These peri-implantation events are prerequisites for pregnancy recognition signaling, implantation, and placentation required for fetal–placental growth and development through the remainder of pregnancy. Although there is a range of strategies for implantation in mammals, a common feature is the requirement for progesterone (P4) to downregulate expression of its receptors in uterine epithelia and P4prior to implantation events. P4then mediates its effects via growth factors expressed by stromal cells in most species; however, uterine luminal epithelium may express a growth factor in response to P4and/or estrogens in species with a true epitheliochorial placenta. There is also compelling evidence that uterine receptivity to implantation involves temporal and cell-specific expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes that may be induced directly by an IFN or induced by P4and stimulated by an IFN. These genes have many roles including nutrient transport, cellular remodeling, angiogenesis and relaxation of vascular tissues, cell proliferation and migration, establishment of an antiviral state, and protection of conceptus tissues from challenges by the maternal immune cells.

scholarly journals Bcl-w Forms Complexes with Bax and Bak, and Elevated Ratios of Bax/Bcl-w and Bak/Bcl-w Correspond to Spermatogonial and Spermatocyte Apoptosis in the Testis

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yan ◽  
Michel Samson ◽  
Bernard Jégou ◽  
Jorma Toppari
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Factor C

Abstract Bcl-w, a prosurvival member of the Bcl-2 family, is essential for spermatogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which Bcl-w participates in the regulation of apoptosis in the testis are largely unknown. To explore the potential role of Bcl-w in the regulation of apoptosis in the testis, the expression of Bcl-w mRNA and protein during testicular development and spermatogenesis, the dimerization with the proapoptosis members of the Bcl-2 family, and the responses to hormonal stimulation in vitro and apoptosis-inducing signals in vivo were investigated. Both Bcl-w mRNA and protein were detected in Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes, as well as in Leydig cells. The steady-state levels of Bcl-w mRNA and protein were much higher in Sertoli cells than in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. In the adult rat testis, both Bcl-w mRNA and protein in Sertoli cells displayed a stage-specific expression pattern. Bcl-w could form complexes with Bax and Bak but not with Bad. Bax and Bak were immunohistochemically localized to the same cell types as Bcl-w, but with higher expression levels in spermatocytes and spermatogonia than in Sertoli cells. FSH could up-regulate Bcl-w mRNA levels in the seminiferous tubules cultured in vitro, whereas no effect was observed when testosterone was applied. Three animal models that display spermatogonial apoptosis induced by blockade of stem cell factor/c-kit interaction by a function-blocking anti-c-kit antibody, spermatocyte apoptosis induced by methoxyacetic acid, and apoptosis of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids induced by testosterone withdrawal after ethylene dimethane sulfonate treatment were employed to check the changes of Bcl-w, Bax, and Bak protein levels during apoptosis of specific germ cells. In all three models, the ratios of Bax/Bcl-w and Bak/Bcl-w were significantly elevated. The present study suggests that Bcl-w is an important prosurvival factor of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes and participates in the regulation of apoptosis by binding proapoptotic factors Bax and Bak. The ratios of Bax/Bcl-w and Bak/Bcl-w may be decisive for the survival of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes.

Role of microenvironment on proliferation and migration of an SDHB silenced murine Pheochromocytoma cell line

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Martinelli ◽  
Vanessa D'Antongiovanni ◽  
Susan Richter ◽  
Letizia Canu ◽  
Tonino Ercolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Pheochromocytoma Cell ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

ARFGAP3 an androgen target gene promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Lncap Cells ◽  
Gtpase Activating Protein ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

ADP ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 (ARFGAP3) is a GTPase-activating protein that associates with the Golgiapparatus and regulates the vesicular trafficking pathway. In the present study, we examined the contribution of ARFGAP3 toprostate cancer cell biology. We showed that ARFGAP3 expression was induced by 100 nM of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) atboth the mRNA and protein levels in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. We generated stable transfectants of LNCaP cells withFLAG-tagged ARFGAP3 or a control empty vector and showed that ARFGAP3 overexpression promoted cell proliferation andmigration compared with control cells. We found that ARFGAP3 interacted with paxillin, a focal adhesion adaptor protein thatis important for cell mobility and migration. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of ARFGAP3 showed thatARFGAP3 siRNA markedly reduced LNCaP cell growth. Androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transactivation activity on prostatespecificantigen (PSA) enhancer was synergistically promoted by exogenous ARFGAP3 and paxillin expression, as shown byluciferase assay in LNCaP cells. Thus, our results suggest that ARFGAP3 is a novel androgen-regulated gene that can promoteprostate cancer cell proliferation and migration in collaboration with paxillin.

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