scholarly journals Cytokine-mediated protein kinase C activation is a signal for lineage determination in bipotential granulocyte macrophage colony-forming cells.

1994 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D Whetton ◽  
C M Heyworth ◽  
S E Nicholls ◽  
C A Evans ◽  
J M Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Pkc Alpha ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Protein Kinase C Activation

Granulocyte macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) have the potential to develop into either macrophages and/or neutrophils. With a highly enriched population of these cells we have found that although GM-CFC are equally responsive to macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF) in terms of DNA synthesis, M-CSF stimulated the development of colonies containing macrophages in soft gel assays, while SCF promoted neutrophilic colony formation. When SCF and M-CSF were combined, mainly macrophage development was stimulated both in soft agar colony-forming assays and liquid cultures. An analysis of some potential signaling mechanisms associated with cytokine-mediated developmental decisions in GM-CFC revealed that M-CSF, but not SCF, was able to chronically stimulate phosphatidylcholine breakdown and diacylglycerol production, indicating that protein kinase C (PKC) may be involved in the action of M-CSF. Furthermore, M-CSF, but not SCF, can increase the levels of PKC alpha (PKC alpha) expression and stimulate the translocation of PKC alpha to the nucleus. When the PKC inhibitor, calphostin C, was added to GM-CFC cultured in M-CSF then predominantly neutrophils were produced, conversely PKC activators added with SCF stimulated macrophage development. The data indicate a role for PKC in M-CSF-stimulated macrophage development from GM-CFC.

scholarly journals Ciprofloxacin Transport by Chemoattractant-Activated Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes: Regulation by Priming and Protein Kinase C

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 3345-3348 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Walters ◽  
Robin J. Nakkula
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Formyl Peptides ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Protein Kinase C Activation

ABSTRACT At infection sites, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function is enhanced (“primed”) by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and activated by formyl peptides. In this study, GM-CSF or LPS alone had no significant effects on PMN ciprofloxacin transport. Through a mechanism involving protein kinase C, activation by formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) significantly decreased the Km of ciprofloxacin transport and enhanced ciprofloxacin accumulation. This effect was dramatically enhanced when PMNs were primed with GM-CSF or LPS prior to activation by fMLP.

Enhancement of ovine trophoblast interferon by granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor: possible involvement of protein kinase C

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Imakawa ◽  
KD Carlson ◽  
WJ McGuire ◽  
RK Christenson ◽  
A Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Calphostin C ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Messenger System ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Interferon-tau (oIFNtau), the major secretory product of ovine conceptuses between days 13 and 21 (day 0=day of estrus) of pregnancy, is implicated in the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy. Culturing of day-14 and day-16 conceptus tissues in the presence of human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) or interleukin-3 (IL-3) produces a marked increase in oIFNtau mRNA and protein expression. Since GM-CSF and IL-3 are localized at the luminal and glandular epithelia of the ovine endometrium, maternally derived GM-CSF and IL-3 may affect conceptus production of oIFNtau in a paracrine manner. However, the molecular mechanisms by which endometrial GM-CSF and IL-3 up-regulate oIFNtau production have not been defined. As an initial investigation of the signaling pathway regulating the GM-CSF induction of the oIFNtau gene, day-16 conceptuses were treated with an inducer, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and an inhibitor, calphostin C of the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. Treatment with either 150 units/ml hGM-CSF (P<0.01) or 10 nM PMA (P<0.05) resulted in a significant increase in oIFNtau mRNA expression. Pretreatment of conceptuses with 1 microM PMA for 12 h to produce PKC-deficient tissues or treatment with 50 mM calphostin C abolished the hGM-CSF-induced increase in oIFNtau mRNA. An in vitro expression system was established for the analysis of oIFNtau gene regulatory sequences. The oIFNtau010 gene has been isolated previously and found to be the principal oIFNtau gene up-regulated during the preimplantation period. 5'-Flanking regions of the oIFNtau010 gene, 2 kb and 0.8 kb, were cloned into a basic chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter plasmid. These oIFNtau010 promoter constructs, along with expression controls, were transfected into human choriocarcinoma cells (JAR and JEG3) and their responsiveness to hGM-CSF and second messenger system activators including PMA, calcium ionophore (A23187) and 8-bromo-cAMP were characterized. The oIFNtau010 promoter constructs were up-regulated by hGM-CSF and PMA treatments (P<0.01). Combined treatment with PMA and A23187 prevented the promoter activation seen with PMA alone. The conceptus culture data, along with the results from the transfection experiments, suggest that the stimulatory effect of GM-CSF on oIFNtau is mediated through the PKC second messenger system.

scholarly journals Protein kinase C activators can interact synergistically with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-6 to stimulate colony formation from enriched granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 894-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Heyworth ◽  
TM Dexter ◽  
SE Nicholls ◽  
AD Whetton
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

The effects of direct activators of protein kinase C (PKC) (the phorbol ester tetradecanoyl phorbol myristic acid [TPA] or bryostatin) on the ability of a highly enriched population of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) to proliferate and develop in soft agar was assessed. In the absence of colony stimulating factors, the PKC activators did not stimulate colony formation. However, in the presence of optimal concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G- CSF) or interleukin-6 (IL-6), TPA or bryostatin markedly elevated the number of colonies formed from the GM-CFC. In the absence of TPA, IL-6, and G-CSF, respectively, both stimulated the formation of about 3% of the colonies observed when IL-3 was present. When TPA plus G-CSF or IL- 6 were added together, this figure increased to 48% and 54%, respectively. In both instances, the types of mature cells formed was altered from colonies of mature neutrophilic cells to a mixture consisting predominantly of macrophages with some neutrophils. Similar results were observed when bryostatin replaced TPA in these assays. When single cell colony-forming assays were performed, the same results were obtained. The presence of G-CSF, or IL-6, and the activator of PKC used (TPA or bryostatin) was required throughout the colony-forming assay for an optimal synergistic effect to be observed. These data indicate that agents that activate PKC can promote the proliferation and development of GM-CFC via a synergistic interaction with G-CSF or IL-6. Furthermore, there is an apparent role for PKC in development and possibly lineage commitment of GM-CFC.

scholarly journals Stimulation of phosphoinositol turnover and protein kinase C activation by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in HL-60 cells

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1045-1051
Author(s):  
M Nishimura ◽  
K Kaku ◽  
Y Azuno ◽  
K Okafuji ◽  
Y Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Phosphoinositol turnover, diacylglycerol generation, protein kinase C (PK-C) activity, and intracellular cyclic nucleotides were studied in an established human leukemia cell line, HL-60, in response to one of the hematopoietic cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Continuous exposure of HL-60 cells to GM-CSF induced the cell differentiation that was evaluated by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reducing activity. GM-CSF also exhibited a proliferative effect on HL-60 cells. GM-CSF at 1 nmol/L, an optimal concentration for cell growth and cell differentiation, induced significant changes in the intracellular inositoltriphosphate (IP3). Diacylglycerol generation was also stimulated by GM-CSF treatment. GM- CSF increased the membrane PK-C activity by 10-fold of the control, whereas no measurable change in cyclic nucleotides was observed. These data indicated that phosphoinositol turnover and the activation of PK-C were included in the GM-CSF signal transducing pathway in HL-60 cell. Phosphoinositol response leading to PK-C activation may act as a trigger signal of cell differentiation by GM-CSF.

scholarly journals An Activated Protein Kinase C α Gives a Differentiation Signal for Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Mimicks Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor–stimulated Signaling Events

1998 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pierce ◽  
Clare M. Heyworth ◽  
Sian E. Nicholls ◽  
Elaine Spooncer ◽  
T. Michael Dexter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Highly enriched, bipotent, hematopoietic granulocyte macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) require cytokines for their survival, proliferation, and development. GM-CFC will form neutrophils in the presence of the cytokines stem cell factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, whereas macrophage colony-stimulating factor leads to macrophage formation. Previously, we have shown that the commitment to the macrophage lineage is associated with lipid hydrolysis and translocation of protein kinase C α (PKCα) to the nucleus. Here we have transfected freshly prepared GM-CFC with a constitutively activated form of PKCα, namely PKAC, in which the regulatory domain has been truncated. Greater than 95% of the transfected cells showed over a twofold increase in PKCα expression with the protein being located primarily within the nucleus. The expression of PKAC caused macrophage development even in the presence of stimuli that normally promote only neutrophilic development. Thus, M-CSF–stimulated translocation of PKCα to the nucleus is a signal associated with macrophage development in primary mammalian hematopoietic progenitor cells, and this signal can be mimicked by ectopic PKAC, which is also expressed in the nucleus.

Phorbol ester inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor binding and tyrosine phosphorylation

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. C276-C281 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gomez-Cambronero ◽  
C. K. Huang ◽  
M. Yamazaki ◽  
E. Wang ◽  
T. F. Molski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Phorbol Ester ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Exposure of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) results in a 70-75% reduction in the specific binding of 125I-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to its receptors. The PMA-induced reduction in 125I-GM-CSF binding is due to a decrease in the number of available GM-CSF receptors, as derived from Scatchard analysis of the binding data. On the other hand, the phorbol ester 4-alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4 alpha-PDD) fails to affect 125I-GM-CSF binding. PMA promotes phosphorylation on tyrosine residues of several proteins, as demonstrated by Western blotting analysis using antiphosphotyrosine antibodies. The molecular masses of those proteins are 41, 55, 66, 78, 85, 104, and 115 kDa. GM-CSF increases the levels of the tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, the majority of which have similar Mr to those found in PMA-stimulated neutrophils. This increase, on all but the 41-kDa protein, is partially prevented by treatment of the cells with PMA. The inhibition by PMA of GM-CSF binding to its receptors and its phosphorylated effects is partially prevented by the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine and, to a greater extent, by staurosporine. It is suggested that PMA, through the activation of protein kinase C, interrupts the excitation-response sequence initiated by GM-CSF, which includes tyrosine phosphorylation, and that the earliest altered step is the binding of GM-CSF to its receptor.

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