scholarly journals Expression and modulation of CD44 variant isoforms in humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Mackay ◽  
HJ Terpe ◽  
R Stauder ◽  
WL Marston ◽  
H Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Cd44 Variant ◽  
Variant Isoforms ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cd44 Variant Isoforms

CD44 is a ubiquitous surface molecule that exists as a number of isoforms, generated by alternative splicing of 10 "variant" exons. Little is known about the expression and function of the variant isoforms, except that certain isoforms may play a role in cancer metastasis. We produced mAbs against CD44 variant regions encoded by exons 4v, 6v, and 9v, by immunizing mice with a fusion protein spanning variant exons 3v to 10v. A comprehensive analysis of human tissues revealed that CD44 variant isoforms were expressed widely throughout the body, principally by epithelial cells. However there was differential expression of CD44 variant exons by different epithelia. Most epithelia expressed exon 9v, but much fewer expressed 6v or 4v. The regions of epithelia that expressed the highest levels of the variant isoforms were the generative cells, particularly the basal cells of stratified squamous epithelium, and of glandular epithelium. CD44 variant isoforms were also expressed differentially by leukocytes, with CD44-9v expressed at very low levels and CD44-6v and 4v virtually absent. However, CD44-9v and CD44-6v were the main variants that were transiently upregulated on T cells after mitogenic stimulation and on myelomonocytic cell lines by TNF alpha and IFN gamma treatment. Some epithelial cell lines could preferentially upregulate CD44-6v upon IFN gamma incubation. These results show that CD44 variant isoforms are expressed much more widely than first appreciated, and that expression of the variant isoforms on some cell types can be modulated by particular cytokines.

Expression and function of TRAF-3 splice-variant isoforms in human lymphoma cell lines

2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1167-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Gamper ◽  
Coral O Omene ◽  
Winfried G van Eyndhoven ◽  
Grace D Glassman ◽  
Seth Lederman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Splice Variant ◽  
Lymphoma Cell ◽  
Variant Isoforms ◽  
Human Lymphoma ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Molecular and functional characteristics of heart-valve interstitial cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 362 (1484) ◽  
pp. 1437-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian H Chester ◽  
Patricia M Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Valve Function ◽  
And Function

The cells that reside within valve cusps play an integral role in the durability and function of heart valves. There are principally two types of cells found in cusp tissue: the endothelial cells that cover the surface of the cusps and the interstitial cells (ICs) that form a network within the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the body of the cusp. Both cell types exhibit unique functions that are unlike those of other endothelial and ICs found throughout the body. The valve ICs express a complex pattern of cell-surface, cytoskeletal and muscle proteins. They are able to bind to, and communicate with, each other and the ECM. The endothelial cells on the outflow and inflow surfaces of the valve differ from one another. Their individual characteristics and functions reflect the fact that they are exposed to separate patterns of flow and pressure. In addition to providing a structural role in the valve, it is now known that the biological function of valve cells is important in maintaining the integrity of the cusps and the optimum function of the valve. In response to inappropriate stimuli, valve interstitial and endothelial cells may also participate in processes that lead to valve degeneration and calcification. Understanding the complex biology of valve interstitial and endothelial cells is an important requirement in elucidating the mechanisms that regulate valve function in health and disease, as well as setting a benchmark for the function of cells that may be used to tissue engineer a heart valve.

CD44 variant isoforms control experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by affecting the lifespan of the pathogenic T cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 3683-3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizette Ghazi‐Visser ◽  
Jon D. Laman ◽  
Sabine Nagel ◽  
Marjan Meurs ◽  
Debby Riel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Cd44 Variant ◽  
Variant Isoforms ◽  
Cd44 Variant Isoforms ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Functional activity of murine CD44 variant isoforms in allergic and delayed type hypersensitivity

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Wittig ◽  
S Seiter ◽  
N Föger ◽  
C Schwärzler ◽  
U Günthert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cd44 Variant ◽  
Variant Isoforms ◽  
Cd44 Variant Isoforms

CD44 variant isoforms are involved in TH1 and TH2 delayed type hypersensitivity

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. S4
Author(s):  
Simone Seiter ◽  
Marc Rösel ◽  
Uulla Günthert ◽  
Wolfgang Tilgen ◽  
Margot Zöller
Keyword(s):  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cd44 Variant ◽  
Variant Isoforms ◽  
Cd44 Variant Isoforms ◽  
Th1 And Th2

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle releases extracellular vesicles with distinct protein and miRNA signatures that accumulate and function within the muscle microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Watanabe ◽  
Yuri Sudo ◽  
Satoshi Kimura ◽  
Kenji Tomita ◽  
Makoto Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
C2c12 Cells ◽  
Ips Cell ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
And Function ◽  
Intercellular Communications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various regulatory molecules and mediate intercellular communications. Although EVs are secreted from various cell types, including skeletal muscle cells, and present in the blood, their identity is poorly characterized in vivo, limiting the identification of their origin in the blood. Since the skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body, it could substantially contribute to circulating EVs as their source. However, due to the lack of defined markers that distinguish SkM-EVs from others, whether the skeletal muscle releases EVs in vivo and how much the skeletal muscle-derived EVs (SkM-EVs) account for plasma EVs remain poorly understood. In this work, we perform quantitative proteomic analyses on EVs released from C2C12 cells and human iPS cell-derived myocytes and identify potential marker proteins that mark SkM-EVs. These markers we identified apply to in vivo tracking of SkM-EVs. The results show that skeletal muscle makes only a subtle contribution to plasma EVs as their source in both control and exercise conditions in mice. On the other hand, we demonstrate that SkM-EVs are concentrated in the skeletal muscle interstitium. Furthermore, we show that interstitium EVs are highly enriched with the muscle-specific miRNAs and repress the expression of the paired box transcription factor Pax7, a master regulator for myogenesis. Taken together, our findings reveal that the skeletal muscle releases exosome-like small EVs with distinct protein and miRNA profiles in vivo and that SkM-EVs mainly play a role within the muscle microenvironment where they accumulate.

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