scholarly journals Kinesin associates with anterogradely transported membranous organelles in vivo.

1991 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Hirokawa ◽  
R Sato-Yoshitake ◽  
N Kobayashi ◽  
K K Pfister ◽  
G S Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽  
Precise Localization ◽  
Fast Axonal Transport ◽  
Immunocytochemical Studies

Biochemical, pharmacological and immunocytochemical studies have implicated the microtubule-activated ATPase, kinesin, in the movement of membrane bounded organelles in fast axonal transport. In vitro studies suggested that kinesin moves organelles preferentially in the anterograde direction, but data about the function and precise localization of kinesin in the living axon were lacking. The current study was undertaken to establish whether kinesin associates with anterograde or retrograde moving organelles in vivo. Peripheral nerves were ligated to produce accumulations of organelles moving in defined directions. Regions proximal (anterograde) and distal (retrograde) to the ligation were analyzed for kinesin localization by immunofluorescence, and by immunogold electron microscopy using ultracryomicrotomy. Substantial amounts of kinesin were associated with anterograde moving organelles on the proximal side, while significantly less kinesin was detected distally. Statistical analyses indicated that kinesin was mostly associated with membrane-bounded organelles. These observations indicate that axonal kinesin is primarily associated with anterograde moving organelles in vivo.

Continuation of fast axonal transport in regenerating axons in vitro

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1251-1255
Author(s):  
M. A. Bisby ◽  
C. E. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Fast Axonal Transport ◽  
Sensory Axons

A previous study by McLean and co-workers reported that regenerating axons of the rabbit vagus nerve were unable to sustain axonal transport in vitro for several months after nerve injury. In contrast, we found that sensory axons of the rat sciatic nerve were able to transport 3H-labeled protein into their regenerating portions distal to the site of injury within a week after injury when placed in vitro. Transport in vitro was not significantly less than transport in axons maintained in vivo for the same period. Transport occurred in the medium that was used by the McLean group, but was significantly reduced in calcium-free medium. When axon regeneration was delared, only small amounts of activity were present in the nerve distal to the site of injury, showing that labeled protein normally present in that part of the nerve was associated with axons and was not a result of local precursor uptake by nonneural elements in the sciatic nerve. We were not able to explain the failure of McLean and co-workers to demonstrate transport in vitro in regenerating vagus nerve, but we conclude that there is no general peculiarity of growing axons that makes them unable to sustain transport in vitro.

Inhibition of fast axonal transport in vitro by the local anesthetics prilocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1478-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-A. Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Conduction Block ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Fast Axonal Transport ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Transport Inhibitors

The aim of the present study was to establish the concentrations of prilocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine which are effective at blocking fast axonal transport, to determine whether prilocaine and mepivacaine offer a better prospect of dissociating conduction block and transport block in vivo than does lidocaine and whether bupivacaine offers a better prospect than etidocaine in the same context. Fast axonal transport of [3H]leucine-labeled proteins was studied in vitro in bullfrog spinal nerves and quantitated by liquid scintillation counting. Exposure of spinal nerves to 14 mM prilocaine reduced the quantity of 3H-labeled proteins which accumulated at a ligature by 86%, and exposure to 14 mM mepivacaine reduced it by 70%; 10 mM prilocaine reduced this same parameter by 54%, a degree of inhibition close to the 44% reduction caused by 14 mM lidocaine. The D(−) and L(+) stereoisomers of mepivacaine each reduced transport to the ligature by approximately 50% at a concentration of 14 mM. Bupivacaine reduced the accumulation of 3H-labeled proteins at the ligature by 49% at a 10 mM concentration (pH 6.2); its potency is close to that found for etidocaine in a previous study. Since prilocaine and mepivacaine are at least as potent as lidocaine as transport inhibitors and at blocking impulse conduction, these two anesthetics offer no advantage over lidocaine to achieve dissociation of conduction block from transport block in vivo. Bupivacaine appears to offer no advantage over etidocaine in the same context, as the two agents have a similar potency as local anesthetics and a similar potency as inhibitors of fast axonal transport.

scholarly journals Immunogold electron microscopy of phytochrome in Avena: identification of intracellular sites responsible for phytochrome sequestering and enhanced pelletability.

1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2541-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W McCurdy ◽  
L H Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Immunogold Labeling ◽  
Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽  
Subcellular Component ◽  
Discrete Structures

Using monoclonal antibodies to the plant photoreceptor, phytochrome, we have investigated by immunogold electron microscopy the rapid, red light-induced, intracellular redistribution (termed "sequestering") of phytochrome in dark-grown Avena coleoptiles. Pre-embedding immunolabeling of 5-micron-thick cryosections reveals that sequestered phytochrome is associated with numerous, discrete structures of similar morphology. Specific labeling of these structures was also achieved by post-embedding ("on-grid") immunostaining of LR-White-embedded tissue, regardless of whether the tissue had been fixed chemically or by freeze substitution. The phytochrome-associated structures are globular to oval in shape, 200-400 nm in size, and are composed of amorphous, granular material. No morphologically identifiable membranes are present either surrounding or within these structures, which are often present as apparent aggregates that approach several micrometers in size. An immunogold labeling procedure has also been developed to identify the particulate, subcellular component with which phytochrome is associated in vitro as a consequence of irradiation of Avena coleoptiles before their homogenization. Structures with appearance similar to those identified in situ are the only components of the pelletable material that are specifically labeled with gold. We conclude that the association of phytochrome with these structures in Avena represents the underlying molecular event that ultimately is expressed both as red light-induced sequestering in vivo and enhanced pelletability of phytochrome detected in vitro.

The Venom of the Boomslang (Dispholidus Typus): In Vivo and in Vitro Studies

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 234-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Mackay ◽  
J.C Ferguson ◽  
Antonia Bagshawe ◽  
A.T.T Forrester ◽  
G.P Mcnicol
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Studies

SummaryAn account is given of the effects of boomslang venom in man. Evidence was found of a fibrinolytic state apparently secondary to the coagulant action of the venom. These features rapidly responded to the administration of specific antivenom. In vitro studies, using a homogenate of boomslang parotids, confirmed the coagulant properties of the venom and showed them to be of much greater potency than the proteolytic actions.

Effect of X-irradiation on gene expression of rat liver chemokines: in vivo and in vitro studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Moriconi ◽  
H Christiansen ◽  
H Christiansen ◽  
N Sheikh ◽  
J Dudas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
X Irradiation

Ciamexon in low-dose streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus. In vivo and in vitro studies

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S120-S121
Author(s):  
TH. LINN ◽  
H. GERMANN ◽  
B. HERING ◽  
R. BRETZEL ◽  
K. FEDERLIN
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Delayed hypersensitivity to tetanus toxoid in man: in vivo and in vitro studies

Pathology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Johnson ◽  
R.S. Walls ◽  
A. Ruwoldt
Keyword(s):  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity

Transplantation of Adipose-derived Cells for Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilcele Silva Moreira Dziedzic ◽  
Bassam Felipe Mogharbel ◽  
Priscila Elias Ferreira ◽  
Ana Carolina Irioda ◽  
Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Study Designs

This systematic review evaluated the transplantation of cells derived from adipose tissue for applications in dentistry. SCOPUS, PUBMED and LILACS databases were searched for in vitro studies and pre-clinical animal model studies using the keywords “ADIPOSE”, “CELLS”, and “PERIODONTAL”, with the Boolean operator “AND”. A total of 160 titles and abstracts were identified, and 29 publications met the inclusion criteria, 14 in vitro and 15 in vivo studies. In vitro studies demonstrated that adipose- derived cells stimulate neovascularization, have osteogenic and odontogenic potential; besides adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on probable cell carriers. Preclinical studies described improvement of bone and periodontal healing with the association of adipose-derived cells and the carrier materials tested: Platelet Rich Plasma, Fibrin, Collagen and Synthetic polymer. There is evidence from the current in vitro and in vivo data indicating that adipose-derived cells may contribute to bone and periodontal regeneration. The small quantity of studies and the large variation on study designs, from animal models, cell sources and defect morphology, did not favor a meta-analysis. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate the regeneration variability and the mechanisms of cell participation in the processes. An overview of animal models, cell sources, and scaffolds, as well as new perspectives are provided for future bone and periodontal regeneration study designs.

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