scholarly journals Microtubules of the kinetochore fiber turn over in metaphase but not in anaphase.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Gorbsky ◽  
G G Borisy
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Fluorescence Recovery ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Spindle Microtubules ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Turn Over

In previous work we injected mitotic cells with fluorescent tubulin and photobleached them to mark domains on the spindle microtubules. We concluded that chromosomes move poleward along kinetochore fiber microtubules that remain stationary with respect to the pole while depolymerizing at the kinetochore. In those experiments, bleached zones in anaphase spindles showed some recovery of fluorescence with time. We wished to determine the nature of this recovery. Was it due to turnover of kinetochore fiber microtubules or of nonkinetochore microtubules or both? We also wished to investigate the question of turnover of kinetochore microtubules in metaphase. We microinjected cells with x-rhodamine tubulin (x-rh tubulin) and photobleached spindles in anaphase and metaphase. At various times after photobleaching, cells were detergent lysed in a cold buffer containing 80 microM calcium, conditions that led to the disassembly of almost all nonkinetochore microtubules. Quantitative analysis with a charge coupled device image sensor revealed that the bleached zones in anaphase cells showed no fluorescence recovery, suggesting that these kinetochore fiber microtubules do not turn over. Thus, the partial fluorescence recovery seen in our earlier anaphase experiments was likely due to turnover of nonkinetochore microtubules. In contrast fluorescence in metaphase cells recovered to approximately 70% the control level within 7 min suggesting that many, but perhaps not all, kinetochore fiber microtubules of metaphase cells do turn over. Analysis of the movements of metaphase bleached zones suggested that a slow poleward translocation of kinetochore microtubules occurred. However, within the variation of the data (0.12 +/- 0.24 micron/min), it could not be determined whether the apparent movement was real or artifactual.

scholarly journals The Inspection of Raw- Silk Defects Using Image Vision

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtian Pan ◽  
Miao Chen ◽  
Baoqi Zuo ◽  
Yucai Hu
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
The Moment ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Ccd Image

The inspection of defects is one of the most important aspects in the quality inspection of raw silk. We introduce a raw-silk defect detection system based on image vision and image analysis that is accurate and objective. In the experimental phase, we develop an image-acquisition section—which includes a charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor, a telecentric lens, a light source, and a raw-silk winding device to capture the raw silk images steadily. After the image capture stage, an image-processing section tasked with threshold segmentation and morphology operations is carried out to obtain the defects of raw silk. To classify the raw-silk defects accurately and quickly, we propose an area method for the classification of raw-silk defects into five categories: larger defects, large defects, common defects, small defects, and smaller defects. Meanwhile, in order to recognize the common raw-silk defects—e.g., Bavella silk, nodes, and loose ends—that cannot be detected by the Uster evenness tester, the moment invariants of each segmented region of the images are extracted and used as the input of support vector machine(SVM).A SVM is designed as a classifier to recognize the samples. The experimental results show that the proposed method can recognize these common raw-silk defects effectively. According to the new classification and accurate recognition of raw-silk defects using the proposed method, we can improve the inspection standards for raw silk and advise raw-silk reeling enterprises seeking to optimize the technological parameters.

Two-dimensional polarimeter with a charge-coupled-device image sensor and a piezoelastic modulator

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (19) ◽  
pp. 4254 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Povel ◽  
C. U. Keller ◽  
I.-A. Yadigaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Image Sensor ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
A Charge

THE EFFECTS OF MORPHINE AND OTHER NARCOTICS ON THYROID FUNCTION IN MICE

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommie W. Redding ◽  
Cyril Y. Bowers ◽  
Andrew V. Schally
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Pituitary Secretion ◽  
Turn Over

ABSTRACT Several drugs from the morphine, pethidine and morphinan series were evaluated with respect to their action on the pituitary secretion of thyrotrophin (TSH). This action was measured by the release and the uptake of 131I by the thyroid gland of mice. Daily administration of 500 μg of morphine, codeine, dihydromorphinone, levorphan, dextrorphan or meperidine significantly depressed the uptake of 131I by the thyroid gland within five days. Single injections of 500 μg of either dihydromorphinone or levorphan increased the thyroidal uptake of 131I The thyroids of hypophysectomized mice, pretreated with 131I and thyroxine, failed to respond to injections of these drugs. Daily administration of these drugs for five days failed to change pituitary content of TSH from the control level, or to effect a change in the turn-over rate of exogenous radiothyroxine. These results suggest that these drugs do not exert direct action on the thyroid but act on thyroid function through their effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic flat-fields can be used for precision CCD gain and noise tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gordon Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Optical Fibres ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Flat Field ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Analogue To Digital

Abstract One of the basic parameters of a charge coupled device (CCD) camera is its gain, that is, the number of detected electrons per output Analogue to Digital Unit (ADU). This is normally determined by finding the statistical variances from a series of flat-field exposures with nearly constant levels over substantial areas, and making use of the fact that photon (Poisson) noise has variance equal to the mean. However, when a CCD has been installed in a spectroscopic instrument fed by numerous optical fibres, or with an echelle format, it is no longer possible to obtain illumination that is constant over large areas. Instead of making do with selected small areas, it is shown here that the wide variation of signal level in a spectroscopic ‘flat-field’ can be used to obtain accurate values of the CCD gain, needing only a matched pair of exposures (that differ in their realisation of the noise). Once the gain is known, the CCD readout noise (in electrons) is easily found from a pair of bias frames. Spatial stability of the image in the two flat-fields is important, although correction of minor shifts is shown to be possible, at the expense of further analysis.

Combatting Bias in the Criminal Courts of France, 1870s-1913

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-168
Author(s):  
James Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Working Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Chief Justice ◽  
Jury Verdicts ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
A Charge

Abstract In nineteenth-century France, liberals assumed that a conservative judiciary was frequently biased in favour of the prosecution, and socialists assumed that juries were dominated by the upper classes and too unrepresentative of the population to render justice equitably. Agitation by the left to combat these perceived biases led to the adoption of two key reforms of the fin de siècle. One was the abolition in 1881 of the résumé, or summing-up of the case by the chief justice of the cour d’assises (felony court). Liberals thought this reform was necessary because judges allegedly often used the résumé to persuade jurors in favour of conviction, a charge repeated by modern historians. The other reform, beginning at about the same time, was to make jury composition more democratic. By 1880, newly empowered liberals (at least in Paris) had begun to reduce the proportion of wealthy men on jury lists. This was followed in 1908 by the implementation of a circular issued by the Minister of Justice ordering the jury commissions to inscribe working-class men on the annual jury lists. However, a quantitative analysis of jury verdicts suggests that the reforms of the early 1880s and 1908 had only modest impacts on jury verdicts. Ideas and attitudes seem to have been more important. This has implications regarding two key controversies among modern jurists: the extent to which judges influence jurors and the extent to which the characteristics of jurors influence their verdicts.

Detailed Performance Analysis of a 10kW Dish∕Stirling System

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Reinalter ◽  
S. Ulmer ◽  
P. Heller ◽  
T. Rauch ◽  
J.-M. Gineste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Conversion Unit ◽  
A Charge

The CNRS-Promes dish∕Stirling system was erected in Jun. 2004 as the last of three country reference units built in the “Envirodish” project. It represents the latest development step of the EuroDish system with many improved components. With a measured peak of 11kW electrical output power, it is also the best performing system so far. The measurement campaign to determine the optical and thermodynamic efficiency of the system is presented. The optical quality of the concentrator and the energy input to the power conversion unit was measured with a classical flux-mapping system using a Lambertian target and a charge coupled device camera system. An efficiency of the concentrator including the intercept losses of 74.4% could be defined for this particular system. For the thermodynamic analysis all the data necessary for a complete energy balance around the Stirling engine were measured or approximated by calculations. For the given ambient conditions during the tests, a Stirling engine efficiency of 39.4% could be measured. The overall efficiency for the conversion of solar to electric energy was 22.5%.

Differential Involvement of Projection Neurons During Emergence of Spontaneous Activity in the Developing Avian Hindbrain

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiraku Mochida ◽  
Gilles Fortin ◽  
Jean Champagnat ◽  
Joel C. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Projection Neuron ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Neuron Populations ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Differential Involvement ◽  
A Charge ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Calcium Green

To better characterize the emergence of spontaneous neuronal activity in the developing hindbrain, spontaneous activity was recorded optically from defined projection neuron populations in isolated preparations of the brain stem of the chicken embryo. Ipsilaterally projecting reticulospinal (RS) neurons and several groups of vestibuloocular (VO) neurons were labeled retrogradely with Calcium Green-1 dextran amine and spontaneous calcium transients were recorded using a charge-coupled-device camera mounted on a fluorescence microscope. Simultaneous extracellular recordings were made from one of the trigeminal motor nerves (nV) to register the occurrence of spontaneous synchronous bursts of activity. Two types of spontaneous activity were observed: synchronous events (SEs), which occurred in register with spontaneous bursts in nV once every few minutes and were tetrodotoxin (TTX) dependent, and asynchronous events (AEs), which occurred in the intervals between SEs and were TTX resistant. AEs occurred developmentally before SEs and were in general smaller and more variable in amplitude than SEs. SEs appeared at the same stage as nV bursts early on embryonic day 4, first in RS neurons and then in VO neurons. All RS neurons participated equally in SEs from the outset, whereas different subpopulations of VO neurons participated differentially, both in terms of the proportion of neurons that exhibited SEs, the fidelity with which the SEs in individual neurons followed the nV bursts, and the developmental stage at which SEs appeared and matured. The results show that spontaneous activity is expressed heterogeneously among hindbrain projection neuron populations, suggesting its differential involvement in the formation of different functional neuronal circuits.

scholarly journals A broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer for aircraft measurements of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, nitrous acid, nitrogen dioxide, and water vapor

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-E. Min ◽  
R. A. Washenfelder ◽  
W. P. Dubé ◽  
A. O. Langford ◽  
P. M. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Absorption Spectrometer

Abstract. We describe a two-channel broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer (BBCEAS) for aircraft measurements of glyoxal (CHOCHO), methylglyoxal (CH3COCHO), nitrous acid (HONO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and water (H2O). The instrument spans 361–389 and 438–468 nm, using two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a single grating spectrometer with a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. Robust performance is achieved using a custom optical mounting system, high-power LEDs with electronic on/off modulation, high-reflectivity cavity mirrors, and materials that minimize analyte surface losses. We have successfully deployed this instrument during two aircraft and two ground-based field campaigns to date. The demonstrated precision (2σ) for retrievals of CHOCHO, HONO and NO2 are 34, 350, and 80 parts per trillion (pptv) in 5 s. The accuracy is 5.8, 9.0, and 5.0 %, limited mainly by the available absorption cross sections.

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