scholarly journals Mild proteolytic digestion restores exocytotic activity to N- ethylmaleimide-inactivated cell surface complex from sea urchin eggs

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Proteolytic Digestion ◽  
Surface Complex ◽  
Sea Urchin Eggs

scholarly journals Isolation and partial characterization of the plasma membrane of the sea urchin egg.

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
W H Kinsey ◽  
G L Decker ◽  
W J Lennarz
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Binding Property ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Surface Complex ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
Peripheral Proteins ◽  
Cortical Vesicles

The cell surface complex (Detering et al., 1977, J. Cell Biol. 75, 899-914) of the sea urchin egg consists of two subcellular organelles: the plasma membrane, containing associated peripheral proteins and the vitelline layer, and the cortical vesicles. We have now developed a method of isolating the plasma membrane from this complex and have undertaken its biochemical characterization. Enzymatic assays of the cell surface complex revealed the presence of a plasma membrane marker enzyme, ouabain-sensitive Na+/K+ ATPase, as well as two cortical granule markers, proteoesterase and ovoperoxidase. After separation from the cortical vesicles and purification on a sucrose gradient, the purified plasma membranes are recovered as large sheets devoid of cortical vesicles. The purified plasma membranes are highly enriched in the Na+/K+ ATPase but contain only very low levels of the proteoesterase and ovoperoxidase. Ultrastructurally, the purified plasma membrane is characterized as large sheets containing a "fluffy" proteinaceous layer on the external surface, which probably represent peripheral proteins, including remnants of the vitelline layer. Extraction of these membranes with Kl removes these peripheral proteins and causes the membrane sheets to vesiculate. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cell surface complex, plasma membranes, and Kl-extracted membranes indicates that the plasma membrane contains five to six major proteins species, as well as a large number of minor species, that are not extractable with Kl. The vitelline layer and other peripheral membrane components account for a large proportion of the membrane-associated protein and are represented by at least six to seven polypeptide components. The phospholipid composition of the Kl-extracted membranes is unique, being very rich in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Cholesterol was found to be a major component of the plasma membrane. Before Kl extraction, the purified plasma membranes retain the same species-specific sperm binding property that is found in the intact egg. This observation indicates that the sperm receptor mechanisms remain functional in the isolated, cortical vesicle-free membrane preparation.

On ‘the Stationary Surface Ring’ in Heart-Shaped Cleavage

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-406
Author(s):  
KATSUMA DAN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Sand Dollar ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
Sea Urchin Eggs ◽  
Stationary Surface ◽  
Vegetal Pole

1. The eggs of the sand dollar, Astriclypeus manni, and the medusa, Spirocodon saltatrix, were used for the reason that they cleave in heart shape, the cleavage furrow appearing earlier at the animal than at the vegetal pole. 2. By the superposition of drawings showing contours and astral centres as well as the positions of carbon markers on the cell surface, the presence of a pair of stationary circular zones of the cortex can be demonstrated. These remain absolutely stationary through successive stages of cleavage, as was shown to be true of regularly cleaving sea-urchin eggs. 3. The two planes determined by this pair of stationary surface rings tilt toward each other on the animal pole side in linear proportion to the eccentricity of the mitotic spindle within the cell, and the loci of the astral centres tend to slant toward the animal pole. 4. The above phenomena can be explained by the previously proposed theory for heart-shaped cleavage; i.e. the primary cause of heart-shaped cleavage is the eccentric position of the spindle, which in turn causes the rotation of the asters and the bending of the spindle.

Immunogold and immunoblot studies on a cell surface protein found in primary mesenchyme cells and in the cortical secretory vesicles of the sea urchin egg

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 832-833
Author(s):  
G.L. Decker ◽  
M.C. Valdizan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Cell Surface Protein ◽  
Surface Complexes ◽  
Mesenchyme Cells ◽  
Lowicryl K4m ◽  
Primary Mesenchyme Cells

A monoclonal antibody designated MAb 1223 has been used to show that primary mesenchyme cells of the sea urchin embryo express a 130-kDa cell surface protein that may be directly involved in Ca2+ uptake required for growth of skeletal spicules. Other studies from this laboratory have shown that the 1223 antigen, although in relatively low abundance, is also expressed on the cell surfaces of unfertilized eggs and on the majority of blastomeres formed prior to differentiation of the primary mesenchyme cells.We have studied the distribution of 1223 antigen in S. purpuratus eggs and embryos and in isolated egg cell surface complexes that contain the cortical secretory vesicles. Specimens were fixed in 1.0% paraformaldehyde and 1.0% glutaraldehyde and embedded in Lowicryl K4M as previously reported. Colloidal gold (8nm diameter) was prepared by the method of Mulpfordt.

scholarly journals Identification of polysialic acid-containing glycoprotein in the jelly coat of sea urchin eggs. Occurrence of a novel type of polysialic acid structure.

1994 ◽  
Vol 269 (36) ◽  
pp. 22712-22718 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kitazume ◽  
K. Kitajima ◽  
S. Inoue ◽  
F.A. Troy ◽  
J.W. Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Polysialic Acid ◽  
Sea Urchin Eggs ◽  
Jelly Coat ◽  
Acid Structure
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