scholarly journals Two subpopulations of differentiated chondrocytes identified with a monoclonal antibody to keratan sulfate.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zanetti ◽  
A Ratcliffe ◽  
F M Watt
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Keratan Sulfate ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
Immunofluorescence Studies ◽  
To Come

We have prepared a monoclonal antibody, named MZ15, that specifically binds keratan sulfate. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the distribution of keratan sulfate in articular cartilage was not uniform: the amount of keratan sulfate increased with distance from the articular surface. Two subpopulations of chondrocytes could be distinguished after isolation from cartilage by the presence or absence of cell surface keratan sulfate. Keratan sulfate-negative chondrocytes were shown to come from the upper cartilage layers. There was therefore a direct correlation between biochemical heterogeneity of cartilage matrix and heterogeneity within the chondrocyte population. During growth in monolayer culture, superficial chondrocytes began to synthesize keratan sulfate, but the cells could still be distinguished from cultures of deep or unfractionated chondrocytes by their reduced substrate adhesiveness and tendency to remain rounded.

scholarly journals Localization of proteoglycan monomer and link protein in the matrix of bovine articular cartilage: An immunohistochemical study.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 621-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Poole ◽  
I Pidoux ◽  
A Reiner ◽  
L H Tang ◽  
H Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Superficial Zone ◽  
Surface Culture ◽  
Bovine Articular Cartilage ◽  
Link Protein ◽  
The Matrix

Using monospecific antisera and immunofluorescence microscopy, proteoglycan monomer (PG), and link proteins were demonstrated throughout the extracellular matrix of bovine articular cartilage. A narrow band of strong pericellular staining was usually observed for both molecules, indicating a pericellular concentration of proteoglycan monomer: this conclusion was supported by dye-binding studies. Whereas PG was evenly distributed throughout the remaining matrix, more link protein was detectable in interterritorial sites in middle and deep zones. Well-defined zones of weaker territorial staining for link protein stained strongest for chondroitin sulfate. Trypsin treatment of cartilage resulted in a loss of most of the PG staining, but some selective retention of link protein, particularly around chondrocytes in the superficial zone at and near the articular surface. This residual staining was largely removed if sections were fixed after chondroitinase treatment. After extraction of cartilage with 4M guanidine hydrochloride, only PG remained and this was concentrated in the superficial zone. These observations are shown to support the concept of aggregation of PG and link protein with hyaluronic acid (HA) in cartilage matrix, and the binding of PG and link protein to HA, which is attached to the chondrocyte surface. Culture of cartilage depleted of PG and link protein by trypsin demonstrated that individual chondrocytes can secrete both PG and link proteins and that the organization of cartilage matrix can be regenerated in part over a period of 4 days.

scholarly journals Perlecan is a component of cartilage matrix and promotes chondrocyte attachment

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 2663-2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. SundarRaj ◽  
D. Fite ◽  
S. Ledbetter ◽  
S. Chakravarti ◽  
J.R. Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Keratan Sulfate ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Cartilage Matrix

Aggrecan, a chondroitin/keratan sulfate-containing proteoglycan, is a major component of cartilaginous tissues. Immunolocalization studies, using antibodies directed to perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan first detected in basement membranes, and laminin (another major component of basement membranes), indicate that perlecan and laminin are also present in the matrices of hyaline cartilage in the nasal septum, the articular surface of the bone and the growth plate of the developing bone. Consequently, we used antibodies to both aggrecan and perlecan to characterize their synthesis and secretion by primary cultures of chondrocytes derived from the rat chondrosarcoma. Chondrocytes were pulsed for 20 minutes with [35S]methionine and then chased for up to six hours. The radiolabeled perlecan and aggrecan were immunoprecipitated and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The results show that chondrocytes synthesize precursor proteins to both proteoglycans, but that only the aggrecan precursor protein is secreted as a proteoglycan. Perlecan was also secreted but with less posttranslational modifications than aggrecan. Northern blot analyses of the RNAs from immortalized rat chondrocytes indicated that the major mRNA encoding for perlecan was approximately 13 kb in length, similar in size to that expressed by other cell types, which synthesize 400 kDa core protein perlecan. Analyses of the proteoglycan fractions from the extracts of bovine articular surface indicated that perlecan in this tissue contains both chondroitin and heparan sulfate side-chains. Purified perlecan and laminin were found to promote attachment of immortalized rat chondrocytes in vitro. These studies indicated that perlecan, once thought to be a unique component of the basement membranes, is more widely distributed and is an important component of the cartilage matrix, where it may provide for cell adhesion to the matrix.

Immunochemical characterization of anti-islet cell surface monoclonal antibody from nonobese diabetic mice

Diabetes ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hari ◽  
K. Yokono ◽  
K. Yonezawa ◽  
K. Amano ◽  
S. Yaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Immunochemical Characterization ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic Mice

scholarly journals Anatomy of the Intermetatarsal Facets of the Fourth and Fifth Metatarsals

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 247301142097570
Author(s):  
Mossub Qatu ◽  
George Borrelli ◽  
Christopher Traynor ◽  
Joseph Weistroffer ◽  
James Jastifer
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Fracture Classification ◽  
Articular Damage ◽  
Metatarsal Fracture ◽  
Metatarsal Fractures ◽  
The Mean

Background: The intermetatarsal joint between the fourth and fifth metatarsals (4-5 IM) is important in defining fifth metatarsal fractures. The purpose of the current study was to quantify this joint in order to determine the mean cartilage area, the percentage of the articulation that is cartilage, and to give the clinician data to help understand the joint anatomy as it relates to fifth metatarsal fracture classification. Methods: Twenty cadaver 4-5 IM joints were dissected. Digital images were taken and the articular cartilage was quantified by calibrated digital imaging software. Results: For the lateral fourth proximal intermetatarsal articulation, the mean area of articulation was 188 ± 49 mm2, with 49% of the area composed of articular cartilage. The shape of the articular cartilage had 3 variations: triangular, oval, and square. A triangular variant was the most common (80%, 16 of 20 specimens). For the medial fifth proximal intermetatarsal articulation, the mean area of articulation was 143 ± 30 mm2, with 48% of the joint surface being composed of articular cartilage. The shape of the articular surface was oval or triangular. An oval variant was the most common (75%, 15 of 20 specimens). Conclusion: This study supports the notion that the 4-5 IM joint is not completely articular and has both fibrous and cartilaginous components. Clinical Relevance: The clinical significance of this study is that it quantifies the articular surface area and shape. This information may be useful in understanding fifth metatarsal fracture extension into the articular surface and to inform implant design and also help guide surgeons intraoperatively in order to minimize articular damage.

A Review of the Collagen Orientation in the Articular Cartilage

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352098877
Author(s):  
Roy D. Bloebaum ◽  
Andrew S. Wilson ◽  
William N. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Deep Zone ◽  
Collagen Fiber Orientation ◽  
Critical Point Drying

Objective There has been a debate as to the alignment of the collagen fibers. Using a hand lens, Sir William Hunter demonstrated that the collagen fibers ran perpendicular and later aspects were supported by Benninghoff. Despite these 2 historical studies, modern technology has conflicting data on the collagen alignment. Design Ten mature New Zealand rabbits were used to obtain 40 condyle specimens. The specimens were passed through ascending grades of alcohol, subjected to critical point drying (CPD), and viewed in the scanning electron microscope. Specimens revealed splits from the dehydration process. When observing the fibers exposed within the opening of the splits, parallel fibers were observed to run in a radial direction, normal to the surface of the articular cartilage, radiating from the deep zone and arcading as they approach the surface layer. After these observations, the same samples were mechanically fractured and damaged by scalpel. Results The splits in the articular surface created deep fissures, exposing parallel bundles of collagen fibers, radiating from the deep zone and arcading as they approach the surface layer. On higher magnification, individual fibers were observed to run parallel to one another, traversing radially toward the surface of the articular cartilage and arcading. Mechanical fracturing and scalpel damage induced on the same specimens with the splits showed randomly oriented fibers. Conclusion Collagen fiber orientation corroborates aspects of Hunter’s findings and compliments Benninghoff. Investigators must be aware of the limits of their processing and imaging techniques in order to interpret collagen fiber orientation in cartilage.

scholarly journals The orphan G-protein coupled receptor RDC1: evidence for a role in chondrocyte hypertrophy and articular cartilage matrix turnover

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.W. Jones ◽  
S.M.V. Brockbank ◽  
M.L. Mobbs ◽  
N.J. Le Good ◽  
S. Soma-Haddrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Chondrocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Cell surface detection of HLA-E gene products with a specific monoclonal antibody

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Pacasova ◽  
Silvia Martinozzi ◽  
Henri-Jean Boulouis ◽  
Yann Szpak ◽  
Matthias Ulbrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Specific Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
E Gene ◽  
Surface Detection

Flow cytometric and immunoblot assays for cell surface ADP-ribosylation using a monoclonal antibody specific for ethenoadenosine

2003 ◽  
Vol 314 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Krebs ◽  
Wolfgang Koestner ◽  
Marion Nissen ◽  
Vivienne Welge ◽  
Ines Parusel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Adp Ribosylation ◽  
Flow Cytometric

On the Natural Lubrication of Synovial Joints: Normal and Degenerate

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Mansour ◽  
Van C. Mow
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Moving Load ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Elastic Solid ◽  
Surface Load ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Synovial Joints

Fluid flow and mass transport mechanisms associated with articular cartilage function are important biomechanical processes of normal and pathological synovial joints. A three-layer permeable, two-phase medium of an incompressible fluid and a linear elastic solid are used to model the flow and deformational behavior of articular cartilage. The frictional resistance of the relative motion of the fluid phase with respect to the solid phase is given by a linear diffusive dissipation term. The subchondral bony substrate is represented by an elastic solid. The three-layer model of articular cartilage is chosen because of the known histological, ultrastructural, and biomechanical variations of the tissue properties. The calculated flow field shows that for material properties of normal healthy articular cartilage the tissue creates a naturally lubricated surface. The movement of the interstitial fluid at the surface is circulatory in manner, being exuded in front and near the leading half of the moving surface load and imbibed behind and near the trailing half of the moving load. The flow fields of healthy tissues are capable of sustaining a film of fluid at the articular surface whereas pathological tissues cannot.

A new mouse cell-surface antigen (Ly-m18) defined by a monoclonal antibody

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Kimura ◽  
Nobuhiko Tada ◽  
Yen Liu ◽  
Ulrich H�mmerling
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Mouse Cell ◽  
Cell Surface Antigen
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