Laboratory Evaluation Methods for the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Heavy Oil

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghai Meng ◽  
Chunming Xu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jinsen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation

TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA F. (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE), ESTABLISHED BY THREE EVALUATION METHODS

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Charnetski
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Megachile Rotundata ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leafcutter Bee ◽  
Significant Mortality

AbstractThree methods—tube chambers (ventilated and unventilated), petri dish chambers, and field cages—were used to evaluate the toxicity of deltamethrin, trichlorfon, and methoxychlor deposits on alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., to 1- to 7-day-old alfalfa leafcutter bees, Megachile rotundata (F.), 24 and 48 h after exposure. In unventilated tube chambers, all three insecticides were significantly toxic to male bees after 24 and 48 h, but only deltamethrin and trichlorfon were significantly toxic to female bees after 24 h. In ventilated tube chambers, only deltamethrin was significantly toxic by contact and then only to male bees at 24 h. Significant vapor action was observed only for trichlorfon and only in unventilated tube chambers. By the petri dish method, only deltamethrin caused significant mortality to male and female bees. However, bee mortality increased significantly between 24 and 48 h. By the field cage method, there was no significant difference in mortality among treatments and controls within the 24- and 48-h evaluations. Bee mortality in the controls was much higher in the petri dish and field cage methods than in either of the two variations of the tube chamber method. The three evaluation methods are compared and the need for a standardized laboratory evaluation procedure is discussed.

Effect of steam on heavy oil catalytic pyrolysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Meng ◽  
Ch. Xu ◽  
J. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis

Coking behavior and catalyst deactivation for catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oil

Fuel ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1720-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghai Meng ◽  
Chunming Xu ◽  
Jinsen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation
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