Using PEAK and CHEMFLO to Predict Leaching of Piggery Wastewater in Large Undisturbed Soil Cores

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2005-2022
Author(s):  
I. R. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cores ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

Nutrient leaching losses from undisturbed soil cores following applications of piggery wastewater

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Organic N ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores ◽  
Soil Colloids

Land disposal of wastewater from intensive livestock industries can result in large amounts of nutrients and salts being applied to soils. When irrigated at rates to meet crop phosphorus (P) requirements, nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and sulfate (SO4) applied in the wastewater often exceed crop demands, and are susceptible to leaching. Leaching of surface-applied piggery wastewater was investigated using large undisturbed soil cores (30 cm i.d. by 60 or 75 cm long) from 2 piggery wastewater disposal areas (Site 1, Vertosol; Site 2, Sodosol) in south-east Queensland. About 3% of the total wastewater P applied to the Vertosol, and about 10% of that applied to the sodosol, was leached. The magnitude of these losses was consistent with the chemical properties of each soil, and the availability of P sorption sites (i.e. hydrous Fe oxides). The major forms of P in the leachate included both molybdate reactive P (MRP) and unreactive P (UP, includes dissolved organic P, soluble organic P, particulate P, and non-reactive P). Phosphorus leached from the Vertosol was largely (≈80%) as UP because the MRP was sorbed by the soil colloids. Much of the P leached from the sodosol was present as MRP (≈70%) because the wastewater applied to this soil also contained about 70% MRP, and this soil had only a limited ability to sorb MRP. Losses of nitrogen (N) were found to be of a major environmental concern. Both wastewater samples contained very high levels of N, with ammonium (NH4-N) making up about 80% of the total Kjeldahl N (TKN) and organic N about 20%. Negligible amounts of applied NH4-N were detected either sorbed by the soil or in the leachate because it was converted to nitrate (NO3-N) within the soil core. This NO3-N was highly mobile, and was readily leached from the soil cores. Nitrogen represented the major limitation to the long-term use of land for disposal of piggery wastewater. For land disposal to be an effective management option, N applied in piggery wastewater may need to be limited to about 200 kg/ha.year. Significant amounts of Ca, Mg, K, and Na applied in the wastewater were leached from the soil cores. It is recommended that more attention be placed on the impact of N (TKN, NH4-N, and NO3-N), Ca, Mg, K, and Na on the receiving soil and water environments rather than focussing primarily on wastewater P. Management strategies should be developed for disposal sites to minimise leaching losses by maximising nutrient removal from the soil solution through crop uptake, reaction with the soil colloids, and efficient irrigation practices. nitrogen, phosphorus, cations, nitrification, piggery wastewater.

Isoproturon movement and dissipation in undisturbed soil cores from a grassed buffer strip

Agronomie ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Benoit ◽  
Enrique Barriuso ◽  
Philippe Vidon ◽  
Benoit Réal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

Relationship Between Soil Properties and Nitrogen Mineralization in Undisturbed Soil Cores from California Agroecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Miller ◽  
Brenna J. Aegerter ◽  
Nicholas E. Clark ◽  
Michelle Leinfelder-Miles ◽  
Eugene M. Miyao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

Three-Dimensional Quantification of Macropore Networks in Undisturbed Soil Cores

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1530-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Perret ◽  
S. O. Prasher ◽  
A. Kantzas ◽  
C. Langford
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

scholarly journals Estimating the van Genuchten retention curve parameters of undisturbed soil from a single upward infiltration measurement

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Moret-Fernández ◽  
C. Peña-Sancho ◽  
B. Latorre ◽  
Y. Pueyo ◽  
M. V. López
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

Estimation of the soil–water retention curve, θ(h), on undisturbed soil samples is of paramount importance to characterise the hydraulic behaviour of soils. Although a method of determining parameters of the water retention curve (α, a scale parameter inversely proportional to mean pore diameter and n, a measure of pore size distribution) from saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), sorptivity (S) and the β parameter, using S and β calculated from the inverse analysis of upward infiltration (UI) has been satisfactorily applied to sieved soil samples, its applicability to undisturbed soils has not been tested. The aim of the present study was to show that the method can be applied to undisturbed soil cores representing a range of textures and structures. Undisturbed soil cores were collected using stainless steel cylinders (5cm internal diameter×5cm high) from structured soils located in two different places: (1) an agricultural loam soil under conventional, reduced and no tillage systems; and (2) a loam soil under grazed and ungrazed natural shrubland. The α and n values estimated for the different soils using the UI method were compared with those calculated using time domain reflectometry (TDR) pressure cells (PC) for pressure heads of –0.5, –1.5, –3, –5, –10 and –50kPa. To compare the two methods, α values measured with UI were calculated to the drying branch of θ(h). For each treatment, three replicates of UI and PC calculations were performed. The results showed that the 5-cm high cylinders used in all experiments provided accurate estimates of S and β. Overall, the α and n values estimated with UI were larger than those measured with PC. These differences could be attributed, in part, to limitations of the PC method. On average, the n values calculated from the optimised S and β data were 5% larger than those obtained with PC. A relationship with a slope close to 1 fitted the n values estimated using both methods (nPC=0.73 nUI+0.49; R2=0.78, P<0.05). The results show that the UI method is a promising technique to estimate the hydraulic properties of undisturbed soil samples.

Colloid and Phosphorus Leaching From Undisturbed Soil Cores Sampled Along a Natural Clay Gradient

Soil Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 176 (8) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Lindblad Vendelboe ◽  
Per Moldrup ◽  
Goswin Heckrath ◽  
Yan Jin ◽  
Lis Wollesen de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Leaching ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

Vadose Zone Biodegradation of Benzene Vapors in Repacked and Undisturbed Soil Cores

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas H. Kristensen ◽  
Chisato Hosoi ◽  
Kaj Henriksen ◽  
Per Loll ◽  
Per Moldrup
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores
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