Short‐Term Variations in Chemical Properties of Vertisols as Affected by Amounts, Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio, and Nutrient Concentration of Crop Residues

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1449-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Hulugalle ◽  
T. B. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

THE EFFECT OF CROPPING ON SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A SPHAGNUM PEAT SOIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Townsend ◽  
D. C. MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Chemical analysis, including a conventional scheme of proximate analysis as well as pre-treatment with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, were used to assess changes occurring in the chemical properties of a strongly acid sphagnum peat when it was limed, fertilized and cropped for 3- and 5-year periods. Pre-treatment was necessary to remove the large quantities of added fertilizer and limestone which were found to neutralize substantial amounts of the hydrochloric acid required for the hydrolysis of hemicellulose.In comparison with raw peat the percentages of hemicellulose and cellulose and the carbon-nitrogen ratio decreased in the cropped peat. The situation was reversed in the case of bitumen, the lignin-humic substances complex and cation-exchange capacity. The results indicated further that with cropping the composition of the peat tended towards the composition of an adjacent muck.

scholarly journals Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Selected Cereal and Legume Crop Residues

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Anguria ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa ◽  
Richard N. Onwonga ◽  
Michael A. Ugen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Crop residues have the potential to enhance soil fertility, but this is dependent on their biochemical quality. A study was conducted at the National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute-Serere, Uganda to determine the chemical composition, nutrient release patterns and rates of selected crop residues. The design used was randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments comprised of 20g of finger millet, sorghum, cowpea and groundnut crop residues. Finger millet had the highest initial C (36.28%) and N (3.46%), cowpea had the highest initial P (0.60%) and Ca (0.30%) and groundnut shells had significantly the highest initial K (1.01%). Finger millet husks with the lowest carbon/nitrogen ratio, had significantly the highest rate of dry matter disappearance and nutrient release, while groundnut shells with the highest carbon/nitrogen and carbon/phosphorus ratios had significantly the lowest nutrient release and dry matter disappearance rates. At the end of incubation, finger millet husks had significantly the lowest N (0.29%) and C (10.22%), while cowpea husks had the lowest P (0.27%), K (0.18%) and Ca (0.27%). Nutrient release and dry matter disappearance rates of crop residues occurred in the order of N > K > P > Ca and finger millet husks > cowpea husks > sorghum husks > groundnut shells, respectively. This study has demonstrated that finger millet husks released nutrients faster and this is beneficial for early planted crops, while groundnut shells released nutrients slowly which is appropriate for long term availability of plant nutrients.

THE EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS AND ENVIRONMENT ON SYNNEMATA FORMATION OF STILBELLA THERMOPHILA

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Al-Hassan ◽  
C. L. Fergus
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
The Media ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Exogenous Supply

Stilbella thermophila Fergus was grown on a chemically denned medium of D-glucose, KNO3, MgSO4, KH2PO4, agar, and microelements to determine the effect of environment and nutrition on growth and synnemata production. An exogenous supply of thiamine stimulated growth markedly on pyridine-purified agar, but both thiamine and biotin were required for synnemata to form. Pyrimidine was the effective moiety, not thiazole. S. thermophila grew on a large number of carbon and nitrogen compounds substituted singly into the basal medium, but synnemata formed on less than half of such media. Sucrose did not inhibit synnemata formation with glucose present, but no synnemata formed with sucrose in the medium even with a number of different nitrogen sources. Synnemata production followed chance mold contamination on a few of the media that normally did not allow their production. The carbon–nitrogen ratio significantly affected synnemata formation. So did pH, concentration of phosphate buffer, and temperature. At suboptimal temperatures, reduced synnemata, or only loose bundles of conidiophores, formed. Light was not required for synnemata initiation nor for maturation. Synnemata formation occurred over a narrower range of temperature, pH, vitamin concentration, nutrient concentration, and nutrient spectrum (carbon and nitrogen sources) than did mycelial growth.

Environmental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: an overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Living Organisms

Atrazine, a chlorinated s-triazine group of herbicide is one of the most widely used pesticides in the World. Due to its extensive use, long half-life and various toxic properties, it has very high environmental significance. Up to 22 mg l-1 of atrazine was found in ground water whereas permissible limit of atrazine is in ppb level in drinking water. As per Indian standard there should not be any pesticide present in drinking water. Among many other treatment processes available, Incineration, adsorption, chemical treatment, phytoremediation and biodegradation are the most commonly used ones. Biological degradation of atrazine depends upon various factors like the operating environment, external carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N), water content and the bacterial strain. Although, general atrazine degradation pathways are available, the specific pathways in specific conditions are not yet clearly defined. In this paper extensive review has been made on the occurrence of atrazine in surface and ground water bodies, probable sources and causes of its occurrence in water environment, the toxicity of atrazine on various living organisms and its removal by biological processes.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Bok Choy Growth and Quality in Hydroponic Cultures

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Kazuki Kano ◽  
Hiroaki Kitazawa ◽  
Keitaro Suzuki ◽  
Ani Widiastuti ◽  
Hiromitsu Odani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Steep Liquor

Effects of corn steep liquor (organic fertilizer, OF) and conventional chemical fertilizer (CF) on the growth and yield of bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) in summer and autumn hydroponic growing systems were compared. When OF and CF were applied with the same amount of total nitrogen in summer cultivation, there was no significant difference between yields; however, the growth rate in OF was slower than in CF. When OF was applied with twice the amount of nitrogen in CF (OF2), bok choy growth and yield were significantly inhibited in summer cultivation, likely owing to dissolved oxygen deficiency and different rates of nitrification and nitrogen absorbance by the plant root. Although the contents of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in bok choy showed no difference among the three treatments in both cultivation seasons, the carbon/nitrogen ratio tended to be higher in OF and OF2 than in CF. Lower nitric acid and higher ascorbic acid content was found in OF and OF2 than in CF. Overall, our results suggest that a comparable yield is expected by using the same nitrogen amount with a conventional recipe of chemical fertilization in autumn cultivation. However, further improvement of hydroponic management is needed in summer cultivation.

Short-Term Sustainability of Drainage Water Reuse: Spatio-Temporal Impacts on Soil Chemical Properties

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (S5) ◽  
pp. S-8-S-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Corwin ◽  
Scott M. Lesch ◽  
James D. Oster ◽  
Stephen R. Kaffka
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Drainage Water Reuse

scholarly journals The contributions and mechanisms of iron-microbes-biochar in constructed wetlands for nitrate removal from low carbon/nitrogen ratio wastewater

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 23212-23220
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Xiawei Liu ◽  
Jiaolong Huang ◽  
Manqi Huang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Schematic Diagram ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Schematic diagram of RDCWs system and proposed mechanisms for nitrate removal.

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