Predicting Phosphate Fertilizer Requirement Using Sorption Isotherms in Selected Calcareous Soils of Western Azarbaijan Province, Iran

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 2885-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement

Effects of decalcification on the phosphate sorption characteristics of eight calcareous soils

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford ◽  
M Chater ◽  
GEG Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Phosphate Sorption ◽  
Surface Equation ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
Sorption Parameters ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Phosphate sorption isotherms and parameter values were determined on eight calcareous soils which were carefully decalcified using a procedure which minimized changes in cation saturation. Calcite content of the original soils varied from 0.8 to 24 2% and calcite surface areas from 4 . 0 to 8.5 m2 g-1. Sorption parameters were derived from the Langmuir 'two-surface' equation. Decalcification increased phosphate sorption at low residual P concentrations (<0.8 mg L-1) but decreased it at higher concentrations. The higher P sorption was associated with an increase in affinity because the calculated sorption capacities of high-affinity surfaces were not increased. These sorption capacities were well correlated with iron oxide contents of the soils, so the increase in phosphate affinity of these surfaces was consistent with the decrease in pH (0.5 to 1.5 units) of the decalcified soils. The lower P sorption at higher concentrations was associated with a substantial decrease in sorption capacity of the postulated low-affinity surfaces. These latter decreases were quantitatively correlated with the calcite surface areas of the original soils. These and other changes in phosphate sorption characteristics support the utility of the Langmuir 'two-surface' equation in providing information, compatible with what would be expected from more complex mechanistic models, and which exceeds what one would expect from other simpler models such as the Freundlich equation. They also support an hypothesis that an important component of low-affinity surfaces of these calcareous soils is calcite on which organic anions are co-adsorbed.

Effects of soil compaction on yield and fertilizer requirement of sugar beet

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
R. Hull ◽  
A. B. Messem ◽  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Nitrogen Requirement ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYFive experiments (1967–9) on soils formed from calcareous drift examined the effects of soil compaction on seedling emergence and yield of sugar beet, also the interaction between compaction and response to nitrogen fertilizer (N) and phosphate fertilizer (P2O5). Some seedbeds were compacted in winter, others in spring and others prepared with the minimum of compaction; each was tested with 0·6, 1·2 and 1·8 cwt/acre N plus 0·8 cwt/acre additional P2O5. All plots were given a basal dressing of 0–8 cwt/acre P2O6and enough of other major nutrients.Compaction decreased seedling populations in four experiments but increased it in one year, when the weather was dry while the seeds were germinating. However, in every experiment compaction significantly decreased yield of roots and sugar. It also interacted with the fertilizer treatments, significantly on average, increasing nitrogen requirement and decreasing phosphate requirement. On average, 0·6 cwt/acre N and 1·6 cwt/acre P2O5gave the greatest yield without compaction and 1·2 cwt/acre N and 0·8 cwt/acre P2O6with compaction.

Improving soil phosphorus supply and wheat yield with manure-amended phosphate fertilizer

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akhtar ◽  
Wasiq Ikram ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Sundas Yousaf ◽  
Syed M. Waqas Gillani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractMixing of phosphate fertilizer with farmyard manure (FYM) is a simple technique for optimizing phosphorus (P) availability and then improving the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in alkaline calcareous soils. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and phosphoric acid (PA) were applied to soil at 36 mg P kg−1, either as sole or after amending 1-g P fertilizer with 2-g FYM (1:2, w/w basis). After 45-day incubation, concentration of P ions in the soil solution (Cp) and exchangeable P present in soil solid (E-value) were determined to evaluate the amount of total plant-available pool. The FYM-amended fertilizers, i.e., PA+FYM and DAP+FYM, showed higher E-values, i.e., 114 and 97 mg kg−1 soil, respectively. Similarly, PA+FYM exhibited the highest proportion of P derived from fertilizer (Pdff = 51.5%) and induced the highest P uptake by wheat seedlings (L-value = 72.1 mg kg−1). Consequently, PA+FYM and DAP+FYM treatments caused higher grain yield and P-use efficiency. The regression analysis revealed strong and positive correlation between L-value and grain yield (r = 0.86), biomass production (r = 0.84) and P-use efficiency (r = 0.87) by wheat crop. Results suggested that FYM-amended inorganic P fertilizer can be a promising technique to optimize supply of P from soil, improve efficiency of inorganic P fertilizers, and improve wheat yield in alkaline calcareous soils.

UPTAKE OF 15N-LABELLED UREA AND 32P-LABELLED PHOSPHATE FROM ACID-BASED UREA PHOSPHATE AND GRANULAR FERTILIZERS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
J. B. BOLE
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Urea Phosphate

The availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizer products labelled with both 32P and 15N was measured in a growth chamber experiment. The uptake of N and P by soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from a solution of acid urea phosphate fertilizer did not differ significantly from that of a mixture of granular urea and monammonium phosphate fertilizer. The fertilizer-P uptake efficiency of both sources was higher in a neutral soil than in acid or calcareous soils. Banding either fertilizer increased the uptake of fertilizer P compared with sources mixed with the soil, but did not significantly affect fertilizer-N uptake. The increase in fertilizer-P efficiency due to banding was significantly greater for the urea-monammonium phosphate than for the acid urea phosphate solution. Banding fertilizer did not increase the uptake of fertilizer P in the calcareous soil, and decreased the uptake of fertilizer N in that soil compared with mixed treatments. It is suggested that soluble Ca formed from the reaction of acid with naturally occurring lime may have reduced the availability of fertilizer P in the band. Key words: Acid fertilizers, monoammonium phosphate, nitrogen, phosphorus, urea phosphate

scholarly journals POTASSIUM ADSORPTION IN CALCAREOUS SOILS OF KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gh. A. Mam-Rasul
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Nutrients Availability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sorption Parameters

Sorption is one of the most chemical important processes, which determine nutrients availability in soil. Sorption isotherms provide sufficient information about soils sorption’s capacity, and it’s data can be used to determine thermodynamic sorption parameters. The aim of this studyis to evaluate the sorption of potassium onto some soils. An experiment was conducted with four calcareous soils of the Sulaimani province Kurdistan Region of Iraq by using the batch methods. 5g soil samples were equilibrated at 298±1 Kelvin with 50 ml of 0.01M CaCl2 containing 0 to 250 mg L-1 K as KCl. Suspensions were centrifuged, filtered, and concentration of K+ in the clear extract solution was determined. Amount of K+ sorbed by the soil was calculated from the difference between the initial and final concentration of K+ in the equilibrium solution. Sorption of K+ was evaluated using adsorption isotherms. The results showed that K+ sorption was described by linear, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin equations. Langmuir equation gave a better fit of equilibrium K adsorption when it has a higher R2 and lowers SE.  The data indicated that the maximum monolayer coverage capacity (b) from the Langmuir isotherm model ranged between (-113.63 to 2500) mg kg-1. The negative values of (b) for studied locations soils indicated to potassium release instead of adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm constant (KL) ranged from (-0.01 to 0.01) L mg-1. Maximum buffering capacity (MBC) is a capacity factor, which measures the ability of the soil to replenish K ion to soil solution that the ability of a soil to supply K to the soil solution. The value of MBC of the studied soils ranged from 0.453 to 23.75 mg kg-1.The sorption processes for the forth locations are favorable and spontaneous because the value of RL was an equal one.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of Zinc in Bread Wheat Grown in the Calcareous Soils of the Kurdistan Region of IRAQ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed S. Rasheed ◽  
Scott Young ◽  
Elezabeth Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Zn Bioavailability ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Whole Grain Flour

Abstract A survey of wheat grain from 120 fields in Sulaimanyah province, Kurdistan region, Iraq was undertaken in 2017. We evaluated the concentrations of phosphorus (P), Zn and phytic acid (PA) and the estimated Zn bioavailability in wheat grain grown in the calcareous soils of the region. Concentrations of P in wheat grain were higher than the recommended value of 3570 mg kg− 1; PA was within the range of other countries but Zn concentration in 88% of wheat grain samples fell below the value recommended for human nutrition of 41.6 mg kg− 1. Bioavailable Zn intake (mg d− 1) was estimated assuming bread consumption of 300 g day− 1 in the region. Considering PA and Zn intake suggested only 21.5 ± 2.9% of whole grain flour Zn was bioavailable. Thus the effective Zn intakes from whole wheat was only 1.25–2.05 mg d− 1 for the local population. Typical dietary Zn was below recommended levels (11 mg d− 1), due to low soil Zn uptake by wheat and the large concentrations of PA in wheat grains, probably from over-use of phosphate fertilizer.

Weathering of clay minerals induced by fluoride-containing solutions from phosphogypsum by-product

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Arocena ◽  
M. J. Dudas ◽  
L. Poulsen ◽  
P. M. Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Clay Liners ◽  
Mineral Stability ◽  
Geochemical Reactions

The production of phosphate fertilizer from phosphate rock results in the formation of phosphogypsum (PG) and HF. Soluble F− ends up in process water and in the pore space of the PG by-product. This study determined changes in the amount, properties and mineral composition of soil clay upon reaction with acidic PG solutions. Calcareous and non calcareous soils were reacted with PG leachates (PG-L, 30 mg F− L−1) and process water (PG-PW, 6070 mg F− L−1) using a sequential batch equilibration method. Phosphogypsum-L did not alter the clay fraction as much as PG-PW, which dissolved as much as two-thirds of the clay fraction. Phosphogypsum-PW reduced surface area of clay fractions from about 500 to 150 m2 g−1; Cation exchange capacity CEC was decreased from about 60 to 17 cmolc kg−1 clay. Reduction in surface area and CEC in PG-PW treated soil corresponded to near complete dissolution of smectite and a negative enrichment of mica. Kaolinite in coarse clay of the PG-PW treatment was reduced to 20% of the control and was completely destroyed in fine clay fractions. Amorphous silica was produced from the F−-induced dissolution of clay. The results indicate there is likely to be considerable alteration of minerals in subsoils beneath PG waste repositories and of clay liners used at some storage facilities. Key words: Clay liners, landfills, dissolution, waste management, leachates, geochemical reactions, mineral stability

Phosphorus: Past History and Contributions to the Global Food Supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Past History ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Global Food Supply

Since its early rudimentary forms, phosphate fertilizer has developed in step with our understanding of successful food production systems. Recognized as essential to life, the responsible use P in agriculture remains key to food security.

The Influence of Disintegration of Hard Coal Varieties of Different Metamorphism Grade on the Amount of Sorbed Ethane / Wpływ rozdrobnienia odmian węgla kamiennego o różnym stopniu metamorfizmu na ilości sorbowanego etanu

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Żyła ◽  
Agnieszka Dudzińska ◽  
Janusz Cygankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Surface ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Content Of Oxygen

Ethane constitutes an explosive gas. It most often accompanies methane realizing during exploitation and mining works. In this paper the results of ethane sorption have been discussed on three grain classes of six selected hard coal samples collected from active Polish coalmines. On the basis of obtained results, it has been stated that the tested hard coals prove differentiated sorption power with reference to ethane. Te extreme amount of ethane is sorbed by low carbonized hard coal from “Jaworzno” coalmine. This sort of coal shows great porosity, and great content of oxygen and moisture. The least amount of ethane is sorbed by hard coal from “Sośnica” coalmine. This sort of coal possesses relatively a great deal of ash contents. Together with the process of coal disintegration, the amount of sorbed ethane increases for all tested coal samples. Between tested coals there are three medium carbonized samples collected from “Pniówek”, “Chwałowice” “Zofiówka” coalmines which are characterized by small surface values counted according to model BET from nitrogen sorption isotherms determined at the temperature of 77.5 K. The samples of these three coals prove the highest, from between tested coals, increase of ethane sorption occurring together with their disintegration. These samples disintegrated to 0,063-0,075 mm grain class sorb ethane in the amount corresponding with the sorption quantity of low carbonized coal from “Jaworzno” coalmine in 0.5-0.7 mm grain class. It should be marked that the low carbonized samples collected from “Jaworzno” and Wesoła” coalmines possess large specific surface and great porosity and belong to coal group of “loose” spatial structure. Regarding profusion of sorbed ethane on disintegrated medium carbonized samples from “Pniówek”, “Zofiówka”, “Chwałowice” coalmines it can be supposed that in the process of coal disintegration, breaking their “compact’ structure occurs. Loosened structure of medium carbonized coals results in increasing accessibility of ethane particles to sorption centres both electron donors and electron acceptors which are present on hard coal surface. The surface sorption centre increase may result in formation a compact layer of ethane particles on coal surface. In the formed layer, not only the strengths of vertical binding of ethane particles with the coal surface appear but also the impact of horizontal strengths appears which forms a compact layer of sorbed ethane particles. The surface layer of ethane particles may lead to explosion.

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