Employment change in the small establishment sector in UK manufacturing

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Employment Change

Classifying Countries within the Transitional Justice Typology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Truth Commissions ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
Employment Change ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
File Access ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Public Disclosures

Chapter 2 explores each of the country cases in this project, namely the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine, and Albania. The chapter provides historical details of the transitional justice reforms in all twelve countries from 1989–2013, covering lustration, file access, public disclosures, and truth commissions. This material is then used to place each country case within the typology developed in Chapter 1, according to whether the measures were expansive and included compulsory employment change, limited and included largely voluntary employment change, informal and largely symbolic, or actively rejected. The chapter provides variable conceptualization and operationalization specifics to be used in the subsequent statistical analyses, including three different lustration variables, a truth commission variable, and timing of reform variables. It provides qualitative, comparative historical details to justify the classification of countries according to the primary independent variable, namely lustration and public disclosure programs.

The Impact of the Entrepreneur’s Educational Level on the Employment Creation by New Small and Medium Enterprises

2014 ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
João Zambujal-Oliveira ◽  
Luis Contente
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Business Owner ◽  
Employment Change ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Regional Employment ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Start Ups

This chapter examines the effects of different types of start-up rates on subsequent employment change. Longitudinal data on start-ups and employment in Portuguese regions in the period 1996–2007 is used for the analysis. The study addresses whether diverse types of new small- and medium-sized enterprise formation have heterogeneous effects on regional employment generation. It is found that, for the range considered, the seven types of start-ups led to significant and negative effects on the average variation of regional employment. It is also observed that these effects were more negative for start-ups with at least one business owner with higher education in engineering and for start-ups with at least one business owner with higher education in management. The last conclusion is that the share of highly skilled employees has a statistically significant and positive impact on the average employment change and, therefore, on regional development.

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