Binocular Eye Movements and Stereoscopic Depth Discrimination

1962 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Stereoscopic Depth ◽  
Depth Discrimination

scholarly journals Shape recognition alters sensitivity in stereoscopic depth discrimination

10.1167/6.1.7 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjing Lu ◽  
Bosco S. Tjan ◽  
Zili Liu
Keyword(s):  
Shape Recognition ◽  
Stereoscopic Depth ◽  
Depth Discrimination

scholarly journals Vergence eye movements are not essential for stereoscopic depth

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1776) ◽  
pp. 20132118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Lugtigheid ◽  
Laurie M. Wilcox ◽  
Robert S. Allison ◽  
Ian P. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Stereoscopic Depth ◽  
Direct Process ◽  
Retinal Disparity ◽  
Strong Link ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Retinal Input ◽  
The Brain

The brain receives disparate retinal input owing to the separation of the eyes, yet we usually perceive a single fused world. This is because of complex interactions between sensory and oculomotor processes that quickly act to reduce excessive retinal disparity. This implies a strong link between depth perception and fusion, but it is well established that stereoscopic depth percepts are also obtained from stimuli that produce double images. Surprisingly, the nature of depth percepts from such diplopic stimuli remains poorly understood. Specifically, despite long-standing debate it is unclear whether depth under diplopia is owing to the retinal disparity (directly), or whether the brain interprets signals from fusional vergence responses to large disparities (indirectly). Here, we addressed this question using stereoscopic afterimages, for which fusional vergence cannot provide retinal feedback about depth. We showed that observers could reliably recover depth sign and magnitude from diplopic afterimages. In addition, measuring vergence responses to large disparity stimuli revealed that that the sign and magnitude of vergence responses are not systematically related to the target disparity, thus ruling out an indirect explanation of our results. Taken together, our research provides the first conclusive evidence that stereopsis is a direct process, even for diplopic targets.

Convex Grouping Impedes Detection of Stereoscopic Depth

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 242-242
Author(s):  
Z Liu
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Stereoscopic Depth ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Good Continuation ◽  
Depth Discrimination ◽  
Ground Segmentation ◽  
Planar Regions ◽  
Oval Shape

When two image regions are separated by an occluder, the strength of their perceptual grouping behind the occluder depends in part on the possible smoothness of the hidden contour completions (ie, Gestalt ‘good continuation’). We consider if grouping strength also depends on whether the contour completion is convex or concave. We hypothesised that the stronger the grouping between two such regions, the harder it is to resolve their relative stereoscopic depth; and employed accordingly an objective method of relative depth discrimination. The stimulus was in stereo. A horizontal bar in the centre of the image occluded two pairs of planar regions parallel with the image plane. One pair assumed a convex (oval) shape behind the occluder, the other pair a concave (hourglass) shape. The regions in one pair had a slight depth difference. The task was to detect which pair was not coplanar. The convex grouping impeded detection of stereoscopic relative depth (73% vs 86%, F1,10=8.66, p < 0.02). This held even when the convex completion boundaries were less smooth than the concave ones, a result opposite to predictions by Gestalt ‘good continuation’. In a control experiment, the stimulus was viewed with the ‘occluder’ in the background, so grouping was no longer possible. No difference between the two pairs was found. Our results suggest that convexity, known to play a role in figure/ground segmentation, is also significant in perceptual grouping, and can even win out over ‘good continuation’. We also propose an objective method of depth discrimination to study perceptual grouping in general.

scholarly journals Stereoscopic depth discrimination with contrast windowed stimuli

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (19) ◽  
pp. 3090-3097
Author(s):  
Athena Buckthought ◽  
Lew B. Stelmach
Keyword(s):  
Stereoscopic Depth ◽  
Depth Discrimination

Low-light-level three-dimensional video microscope with long working distance objective lenses

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
W. Lin ◽  
J. Gregorio ◽  
T.J. Holmes ◽  
D. H. Szarowski ◽  
J.N. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Initial Image ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Depth Discrimination ◽  
Video Microscope ◽  
Working Distance

A low-light level video microscope with long working distance objective lenses has been built as part of our integrated three-dimensional (3-D) light microscopy workstation (Fig. 1). It allows the observation of living specimens under sufficiently low light illumination that no significant photobleaching or alternation of specimen physiology is produced. The improved image quality, depth discrimination and 3-D reconstruction provides a versatile intermediate resolution system that replaces the commonly used dissection microscope for initial image recording and positioning of microelectrodes for neurobiology. A 3-D image is displayed on-line to guide the execution of complex experiments. An image composed of 40 optical sections requires 7 minutes to process and display a stereo pair.The low-light level video microscope utilizes long working distance objective lenses from Mitutoyo (10X, 0.28NA, 37 mm working distance; 20X, 0.42NA, 20 mm working distance; 50X, 0.42NA, 20 mm working distance). They provide enough working distance to allow the placement of microelectrodes in the specimen.

The effect of clause wrap-up on eye movements during reading

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Rayner ◽  
Gretchen Kambe ◽  
Susan A. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading
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