Genetic defects in the development and function of the anterior pituitary gland

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Cushman ◽  
Aaron Showalter ◽  
Simon Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
And Function

Genetic defects in the development and function of the anterior pituitary gland

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J Cushman ◽  
Aaron D Showalter ◽  
Simon J Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Complement C5a receptors in the pituitary gland: expression and function

2008 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Francis ◽  
B Mary Lewis ◽  
Peter N Monk ◽  
Jack Ham
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
C5a Receptors ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Complement C5a ◽  
And Function

Communication between the immune and endocrine system is important for the control of inflammation that is primarily mediated through the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. The innate immune system rapidly responds to pathogens by releasing complement proteins that include the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. We previously reported the existence of C3a receptors in the anterior pituitary gland and now describe the presence of C5a receptors in the gland. C5a and its less active derivative (C5adR) can bind to its own receptor and to another receptor called C5L2. Using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, C5a receptors and C5L2 were demonstrated in the rat anterior pituitary gland and in several rodent anterior pituitary cell lines. Western blotting analysis showed that C5a stimulated the phosphorylation of MAPK and AKT but not p38; C5adR on the other hand, had no effect on any of the signal molecules investigated. The effects of C5a and C5adR on the secretion of the inflammatory molecule, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were investigated by ELISA. Both compounds showed a dose-dependent inhibition of MIF release, 30–40% inhibition at around 35–70 nM agonist with IC50 values of around 20 nM. C5a and C5adR also stimulated ACTH secretion (up to 25%) from AtT-20DV16 cells. These data show that functional C5a receptors (C5a and C5L2) are present in the anterior pituitary gland and they may play a role in dampening down inflammation by inhibiting the release of MIF and stimulating the release of ACTH.

Resistance exercise induces region-specific adaptations in anterior pituitary gland structure and function in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1641-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Shawn D. Flanagan ◽  
Jeff S. Volek ◽  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
Jakob L. Vingren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
And Function

The anterior pituitary gland (AP) increases growth hormone (GH) secretion in response to resistance exercise (RE), but the nature of AP adaptations to RE is unknown. To that end, we examined the effects of RE on regional AP somatotroph GH release, structure, and relative quantity. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of four groups: 1) no training or acute exercise (NT-NEX); 2) no training with acute exercise (NT-EX); 3) resistance training without acute exercise (RT-NEX); 4) resistance training with acute exercise (RT-EX). RE incorporated 10, 1 m-weighted ladder climbs at an 85° angle. RT groups trained 3 days/wk for 7 wk, progressively. After death, trunk blood was collected, and each AP was divided into quadrants (ventral-dorsal and left-right). We measured: 1) trunk plasma GH; 2) somatotroph GH release; 3) somatotroph size; 4) somatotroph secretory content; and 5) percent of AP cells identified as somatotrophs. Trunk GH differed by group (NT-NEX, 8.9 ± 2.4 μg/l; RT-NEX, 9.2 ± 3.5 μg/l; NT-EX, 15.6 ± 3.4 μg/l; RT-EX, 23.4 ± 4.6 μg/l). RT-EX demonstrated greater somatotroph GH release than all other groups, predominantly in ventral regions ( P < 0.05-0.10). Ventral somatotrophs were larger in NT-EX and RT-NEX compared with RT-EX ( P < 0.05–0.10). RT-NEX exhibited significantly greater secretory granule content than all other groups but in the ventral-right region only ( P < 0.05–0.10). Our findings indicate reproducible patterns of spatially distinct, functionally different somatotroph subpopulations in the rat pituitary gland. RE training appears to induce dynamic adaptations in somatotroph structure and function.

scholarly journals The Structure and Function of Folliculo-Stellate Cells in the Anterior Pituitary Gland.

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinji INOUE ◽  
Ernest F. COUCH ◽  
Kaiya TAKANO ◽  
Satoshi OGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
And Function

Effects of estrogens on the characteristics of [3H]spiroperidol and [3H]RU24213 binding in rat anterior pituitary gland and brain

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thérèse Di Paolo ◽  
Réjean Carmichael ◽  
Fernand Labrie ◽  
Jean-Pierre Raynaud
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland
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