On the Irrelevance of Semantic Information for the “Irrelevant Speech” Effect

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Lisa Irmen ◽  
Edgar Erdfelder
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Serial Recall ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Semantic Distance ◽  
Irrelevant Speech ◽  
Acoustic Information ◽  
Visual Targets ◽  
Irrelevant Speech Effect

Two experiments that tested whether semantic similarity between visually presented targets and auditorily presented distractors has an effect on serial recall of the visual targets are reported. In Experiment 1, we found no difference in the recall of two-digit numbers when distractors were either numbers or words and non-words that were designed to be phonologically similar to the targets. In Experiment 2 the “semantic distance” between targets and distractors had no effect on serial recall. Taken together, these experiments conceptually replicate and extend earlier results, and they establish constraints for models of the effect of unattended acoustic information on serial recall.

Word Dose in the Disruption of Serial Recall by Irrelevant Speech: Phonological Confusions or Changing State?

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Bridges ◽  
Dylan M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Serial Recall ◽  
Phonological Similarity ◽  
Verbal Material ◽  
Irrelevant Speech ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
State Information ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Irrelevant Speech Effect

Irrelevant background speech disrupts serial recall of visually presented lists of verbal material. Three experiments tested the hypothesis that the degree of disruption is dependent on the number of words heard (i.e. word dose) whilst the task was undertaken. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that more disruption is produced if the word dose is increased, thereby providing evidence to support the experimental hypothesis. It was concluded from the first two experiments that the word-dose effect might be the result of increasing the amount of changing-state information in the speech. The results of Experiment 3 supported this conclusion by showing an interaction between word dose and changing-state information. It was noted however that the results might be explained within the working memory account of the disruptive action of irrelevant speech. A further two experiments cast doubt on this possibility by failing to replicate the finding that the phonological similarity between heard and seen material affects the degree of interference (Salamé & Baddeley, 1982). The findings are discussed in relation to the changing state hypothesis of the irrelevant speech effect (e.g. Jones, Madden, & Miles, 1992).

scholarly journals The importance of semantic similarity to the irrelevant speech effect

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig B. Neely ◽  
Denny C. LeCompte
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Irrelevant Speech ◽  
Irrelevant Speech Effect

Disruption of Memory for Lip-Read Lists by Irrelevant Speech: Further Support for the Changing State Hypothesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Irrelevant Speech ◽  
State Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Visual Material ◽  
Irrelevant Speech Effect ◽  
Acoustic Conditions ◽  
Speech Content

Two experiments critically re-examine the finding of Campbell and Dodd (1984, Experiment 2), which suggests that irrelevant speech disrupts the encoding of visual material for serial recall. Support is sought for the competing view that the effect of irrelevant speech is on storage by comparing the effect of a range of acoustic conditions on memory for graphic and lip-read lists. Initially, serial short-term recall of visually presented lists was examined with irrelevant speech that was both asynchronous with the visually presented items and of varied speech content (Experiment 1a). In this experiment substantial impairments in recall of both graphic and lip-read lists were found. However, with unvarying asynchronous speech (Experiment 1b) the effect of speech was small and non-significant. Experiment 2 examined the effect of changing state and of synchrony of speech with lip movements. When conditions of synchronous and asynchronous unvarying speech were contrasted, no significant effect of synchrony or irrelevant speech was found (Experiment 2a and 2c). In contrast, when the speech was varying in content, a strong effect of irrelevant speech was found; moreover, the effect was roughly the same for synchronous and asynchronous materials (Experiment 2b). The contrast in outcome with varying and unvarying speech provides strong support for the “changing state” model of the irrelevant speech effect. Coupled with the absence of an effect of synchrony in Experiment 2, these experiments reinforce the view that disruption by irrelevant speech occurs in memory, not at encoding.

scholarly journals An integrated information-based similarity measurement of gene ontology terms

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Bo Zhang ◽  
Jian-Huang Lai
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Gene Expression Dataset ◽  
Similarity Measurement ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Go Terms ◽  
Validation Experiments ◽  
Integrated Information ◽  
Common Ancestors

Measuring the semantic similarity between pairs of terms in Gene Ontology (GO) can help to compare genes that can not be compared by other computational methods. In this study, we proposed an integrated information-based similarity measurement (IISM) to calculate the semantic similarity between two GO terms by taking into account multiple common ancestors that they share, and aggregating the semantic information and depth information of the non-redundant common ancestors. Our method searches for non-redundant common ancestors in an effective way. Validation experiments were conducted on both gene expression dataset and pathway dataset, and the experimental results suggest the superiority of our method against some existing methods.

scholarly journals Exploring the cognitive mechanism of irrelevant speech effect in Chinese reading: Evidence from eye movements

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Sanmei WU ◽  
Liangsu TIAN ◽  
Jiaqiao CHEN ◽  
Guangyao CHEN ◽  
Jingxin WANG
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Irrelevant Speech ◽  
Chinese Reading ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism ◽  
Irrelevant Speech Effect
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