The use of large biological sample collections in genetics research: Issues for public policy

The purpose of this essay is to identify factors that constrain customers’ ability to engage in sustainable energy consumption, conceived of as a consumption practice that reduces the moral hazards associated with fossil fuel overconsumption. The authors outline some marketing policy and consumer research issues related to the market system and identify four constraints to sustainable energy consumption: policies and regulation, product accessibility and availability, pricing, and customer knowledge. This topic is important because of changes in the macro context of energy consumption—namely, the growing recognition of a fundamentally resource-constrained environment and the increased salience of various global commons effects to customers. The authors conclude with directions for further research.

Download Full-text

Mental Health in the Mainstream of Public Policy: Research Issues and Opportunities

American Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08040584 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 165 (9) ◽

pp. 1099-1101 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Howard H. Goldman ◽

Sherry A. GLIED ◽

Margarita Alegria

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Public Policy ◽

Policy Research ◽

Research Issues ◽

Public Policy Research

Download Full-text

Systemic, Policy, and Research Issues

Assessing Negative Response Bias in Competency to Stand Trial Evaluations ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190653163.003.0011 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 189-196

Author(s):

Steve Rubenzer

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Response Bias ◽

Negative Response ◽

Efficient Manner ◽

Research Issues ◽

The Past ◽

Validity Assessment ◽

Negative Response Bias ◽

Time Requirements ◽

Validity Tests

This chapter briefly recaps the major findings from the preceding chapters and discusses the enormous implications of the transition from inpatient to outpatient CST assessment over the past 20 years. Along with low fees for outpatient CST examinations, this shift to outpatient assessment has led to a greater urgency for examiners to be able to address negative response bias in a time-efficient manner. The chapter reviews the time requirements for various validity tests and other data that may inform validity assessment; it also considers advantages or disadvantages of the location of evaluations and provides recommendations regarding situations in which a second opinion CST exam is ordered. Recommendations for public policy and future CST research are offered.

Download Full-text

Scanning tunneling microscopy of E. coli RNA polymerase deposited onto an Au substrate by an electrochemical process

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100086192 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 378-379

Author(s):

Rebecca W. Keller ◽

Carlos Bustamante ◽

David Bear

Keyword(s):

Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽

Biological Sample ◽

Substrate Surface ◽

Electrochemical Process ◽

Atomic Resolution ◽

Scanning Tunneling ◽

Tunneling Microscopy ◽

Tunneling Microscope ◽

E Coli ◽

Preparation Techniques

Under ideal conditions, the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) can create atomic resolution images of different kinds of samples. The STM can also be operated in a variety of non-vacuum environments. Because of its potentially high resolution and flexibility of operation, it is now being applied to image biological systems. Several groups have communicated the imaging of double and single stranded DNA.However, reproducibility is still the main problem with most STM results on biological samples. One source of irreproducibility is unreliable sample preparation techniques. Traditional deposition methods used in electron microscopy, such as glow discharge and spreading techniques, do not appear to work with STM. It seems that these techniques do not fix the biological sample strongly enough to the substrate surface. There is now evidence that there are strong forces between the STM tip and the sample and, unless the sample is strongly bound to the surface, it can be swept aside by the tip.

Download Full-text

Scanning tunneling microscopy of polymers: A status report

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100153622 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 330-331

Author(s):

P.E. Russell ◽

I.H. Musselman

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽

Sample Surface ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Constant Current ◽

Scanning Tunneling ◽

Status Report ◽

Tunneling Microscopy ◽

Research Issues ◽

Wide Range

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has evolved rapidly in the past few years. Major developments have occurred in instrumentation, theory, and in a wide range of applications. In this paper, an overview of the application of STM and related techniques to polymers will be given, followed by a discussion of current research issues and prospects for future developments. The application of STM to polymers can be conveniently divided into the following subject areas: atomic scale imaging of uncoated polymer structures; topographic imaging and metrology of man-made polymer structures; and modification of polymer structures. Since many polymers are poor electrical conductors and hence unsuitable for use as a tunneling electrode, the related atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique which is capable of imaging both conductors and insulators has also been applied to polymers.The STM is well known for its high resolution capabilities in the x, y and z axes (Å in x andy and sub-Å in z). In addition to high resolution capabilities, the STM technique provides true three dimensional information in the constant current mode. In this mode, the STM tip is held at a fixed tunneling current (and a fixed bias voltage) and hence a fixed height above the sample surface while scanning across the sample surface.

Download Full-text