Approaches to reforming contemporary religious discourse†

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-188
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamal Abou Al-Majd
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
The Past ◽  
Original Frame ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Working Out

This article attempts to attenuate the exaggerated polarization in contemporary religious discourse in Egyptian society emanating from two flawed positions: a wrong conception of ‘applying Shari'a‘; and a wrong intention whereby deliberate cultural exclusion is practised to eradicate any religious orientation. The main subject of this article are manifestations of deviation of this discourse from the orientation of the original frame of reference of religion: (1) The call for Islam through scaring and intimidation; (2) the tendency to be tough on people, thus increasing obligatory duties and decreasing what is permissible; (3) inattention to the objectives of Shari'a and focusing on its literal aspect; (4) inattention to priorities; (5) belittling the role of the mind in Islamic conceptualization; (6) immersion in the past; and (7) Muslims' relationship with others. Nevertheless, rationalizing ‘religious discourse’ and working out a kind of consensus seems to be of utmost importance.

Thinking Through Secrets: Rethinking the Role of Thought Suppression in Secrecy

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1411-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Slepian ◽  
Katharine H. Greenaway ◽  
E. J. Masicampo
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Temporal Focus ◽  
Ironic Process ◽  
The Relationship

Having secrets on the mind is associated with lower well-being, and a common view of secrets is that people work to suppress and avoid them—but might people actually want to think about their secrets? Four studies examining more than 11,000 real-world secrets found that the answer depends on the importance of the secret: People generally seek to engage with thoughts of significant secrets and seek to suppress thoughts of trivial secrets. Inconsistent with an ironic process account, adopting the strategy to suppress thoughts of a secret was not related to a tendency to think about the secret. Instead, adopting the strategy to engage with thoughts of a secret was related the tendency to think about the secret. Moreover, the temporal focus of one’s thoughts moderated the relationship between mind-wandering to the secret and well-being, with a focus on the past exacerbating a harmful link. These results suggest that people do not universally seek to suppress their secrets; they also seek to engage with them, although not always effectively.

scholarly journals Considerations about the quality of UML and GML application schemas

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Chojka
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Data Interchange ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Working Out

AbstractExchange of and access to spatial data is the principal goal of any Spatial Data Infrastructure, therefore, one of the key concepts of SDI is interoperability, especially semantic and syntactic. Whereas application schemas and quality issues are one of the aspects that have to be considered to ensure a successful data interchange in SDI.Two types of application schema are widely used in the European SDI as well as in the Polish SDI. They cover both semantic and syntactic interoperability and are an integral parts of spatial data specifications and relevant regulations in the form of data models. However, working out accurate and correct application schemas may be a challenge.Additionally, faulty or too complex application schemas can influence the ability for valid data interchange, and consequently, prevent achieving interoperability within SDI. Therefore, the capability to examine and estimate the UML and GML application schemas quality seems to be a worthwhile and important issue in the context of semantic and syntactic interoperability in SDI.The main subject of this article it to set out the context of performed studies, among others, the role of application schema in the interoperable data exchange, issues related to the concept of quality and its measures.

scholarly journals A Branching Space-Times Perspective on Presentism

2021 ◽  
pp. 342-386
Author(s):  
Nuel Belnap ◽  
Thomas MÜller ◽  
Tomasz Placek
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Open Future ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Working Out

The chapter constructs a notion of the present that is both relativity-friendly and serves the metaphysical role required by presentism. It draws a distinction between a static present based on simultaneity and a dynamic present based on co-presentness. Co-presentness points to a dynamic role of the present in separating a fixed past from an open future. That dynamical role is linked to the idea that dynamic change must be based on the indeterministic realization of possibilities for the future. In working out the formal details of this idea, the chapter makes use of the rich notion of modal correlations that BST offers. Depending on what exactly the modal correlations are like, the analysis delivers different regions of the past, present, and future of a given event.

scholarly journals Defining the dystopian chronotope: Space, time and genre in George Orwell’s 'Nineteen Eighty-Four'

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-39
Author(s):  
Urszula Terentowicz-Fotyga
Keyword(s):  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Special Relation ◽  
Structural Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The City

The paper examines George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four as a canonical example of the dystopian novel in an attempt to define the principal features of the dystopian chronotope. Following Mikhail Bakhtin, it treats the chronotope as the structural pivot of the narrative, which integrates and determines other aspects of the text. Dystopia, the paper argues, is a particularly appropriate genre to consider the structural role of the chronotope for two reasons. Firstly, due to utopianism’s special relation with space and secondly, due to the structural importance of world-building in the expression of dystopia’s philosophical, political and social ideas. The paper identifies the principal features of dystopian spatiality, among which crucial are the oppositions between the individual and the state, the mind and the body, the high and the low, the central and the peripheral, the past and the present, the city and the natural world, false and true signs.

The Genius of Genre and the Ingenuity of Women

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Gaines
Keyword(s):  
Silent Cinema ◽  
The Past ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Working Out

This chapter examines a two-minute melodrama by silent cinema director-producer, Alice Guy Blaché, and demonstrates several of its entry points for—mutually exclusive—readings. Crucially, such readings depend on familiar generically gendered possibilities. Thus, against feminism's assertion of difference, rethinking gender as generic foregrounds the role of repetition and its dynamic of expectation. It is here that the woman filmmaker can work. Her “ingenuity” lies in responding to the “genius” of genre's play with expectation, working out of the past to stage permutations for future imaginings. Perhaps the true irony on which Blaché's film turns is the impossible choice between mother and fiancée posed not only for the hero but for female spectators—a type of binary thinking elucidated in the film's generic play and which feminism now challenges.

scholarly journals The embodied view of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
Ágnes Szokolszky ◽  
◽  
Marietta Kékes Szabó ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Perception Action

In the past decades, research has firmly established that Autism Spectrum Disorder is a multicausal, multilevel phenomenon. With this multidimensional approach, theoretical viewpoints informing empirical research have also become more pluralized. In this paper, we describe a turn towards a metatheoretical shift in cognitive science labeled as "embodiment" and its application to theories and research on autism.We show how the premises of the embodied view of cognition: the relational-embodied nature of the mind and the interconnectedness of action, perception, thought, and affect lead to an approach to autism that is different from previous cognitivist approaches. In this framework, we discuss the role of sensorimotor and perception-action processes, as well as intersubjectivity in creating autistic developmental pathways. Autism is understood as rooted in a developmental cascade in which interdependent processes dynamically influence each other.

Thinking Interactively

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Paris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
Neural Connections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Mind

The human mind favors linear thinking, with single causes leading to single effects. Thinking interactively is much more difficult. Understanding mental disorders as due to chemical imbalances or abnormal neural connections is tempting. However, it is wrong to view the neural level as more “real” than measures of the mind. This kind of thinking pays lip service to psychosocial factors but loses sight of the important role that life events play in the etiology of mental disorders. In the past, psychotherapists were just as blindly linear in their thinking. They made broad generalizations, oversimplifying the role of life experiences, sometimes attributing all psychopathology to adverse events in childhood. In parallel with the reductionism of biological psychiatry, these models failed to consider the complexity of pathways from risk factors to outcomes. A more scientifically valid view is that mental disorders arise from complex interactions between genetic vulnerability and psychosocial adversity.

scholarly journals fMRI Evidence for the Role of Recollection in Suppressing Misattribution Errors: The Illusory Truth Effect

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Mitchell ◽  
Chad S. Dodson ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Truth Effect ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Illusory Truth Effect

Misattribution refers to the act of attributing a memory or idea to an incorrect source, such as successfully remembering a bit of information but linking it to an inappropriate person or time [Jacoby, L. L., Kelley, C., Brown, J., & Jasechko, J. (1989). Becoming famous overnight: Limits on the ability to avoid unconscious influences of the past. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 326–338; Schacter, D. L. (1999). The seven sins of memory: Insights from psychology and cognitive neuroscience. American Psychologist, 54, 182–203; Schacter, D. L. (2001). The seven sins of memory: How the mind forgets and remembers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin]. Cognitive studies have suggested that misattribution errors may occur in the absence of recollection for the details of an initial encounter with a stimulus, but little is known about the neural basis of this memory phenomenon. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the hypothesized role of recollection in counteracting the illusory truth effect, a misattribution error whereby perceivers systematically overrate the truth of previously presented information. Imaging was conducted during the encoding and subsequent judgment of unfamiliar statements that were presented as true or false. Event-related fMRI analyses were conditionalized as a function of subsequent performance. Results demonstrated that encoding activation in regions previously associated with successful recollection—including the hippocampus and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC)—correlated with the successful avoidance of misattribution errors, providing initial neuroimaging support for earlier cognitive accounts of misattribution.

scholarly journals Dickens's nightmare: dreams, memory and trauma

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 20190076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Nineteenth Century Literature ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Memory And Trauma ◽  
The Mind

This article considers the role of stress in nineteenth-century literature and culture as both a catalyst for, and a symptom of, troubled sleep. Taking the figure of Charles Dickens as my principal case study, I investigate Dickens's fictional and non-fictional explorations of sleep as a space and time where traumatic memories might be relived and repeated, where grief and longing might be articulated, and, finally, where guilt and loss may give rise to sentimental visions of possible future reunions. The model of stress depicted here is that resulting from trauma, which manifests in later life as a psychological disturbance affecting sleep. For Dickens, I will argue, the state of the mind as it was emerging from sleep was fundamentally associated with human mortality and fragility, and it facilitated the possibility of crossing between different temporalities and states of being, while positing a kind of threshold to the past, the future and the dead.

scholarly journals Enseñanza de la historia y memoria ejemplar

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Bárcena Orbe
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
Educative Process

The intention of this article is to articulate a series of reflections about the teaching of history, using as a frame of reference the principle of discontinuity in the narrativity of the historical narrative and the modern crisis in the transmission of memorable experiences that the information society only exacerbates. Specifically, the article addresses the analysis of the role of memory and the reading of the past in the teaching of history. The article argues that an effort to connect the teaching history to what is singular would make history more effective to the extent that, through the narrative, a discontinuity in consciousness would be introduced in the educative process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document