Growth Patterns of the Japanese Economy in the 1980s: Before and After the Appreciation of the Yen

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsuki Fujita ◽  
William E. James
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Before And After

Renal Osteodystrophy in Children with Chronic Renal Failure: An Unexpectedly Common and Incapacitating Complication

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Hsu ◽  
Sang Whay Kooh ◽  
Donald Fraser ◽  
William A. Cumming ◽  
Victor L. Fornasier
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Osteodystrophy ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
End Stage

The incidence, age at onset, and progression of the biochemical, radiographic, and histologic characteristics of renal osteodystrophy were studied in 50 children in whom chronic renal failure had been recently diagnosed. During a ten-year observation period, 19 patients progressed to end-stage renal failure and radiographic signs of renal osteodystrophy developed in 15 of these (79%). Renal osteodystrophy developed in all nine patients whose chronic renal failure was diagnosed before 3 years of age and in six of the ten children with later onset of failure. The mean interval from diagnosis of renal failure to development of osteodystrophy was 1.4 years. Radiographically, growth zone lesions predominated in the younger children, whereas cortical erosions were more prevalent in the older children. Histologic examination, performed in 38 patients, showed both defective mineralization and excessive resorption and was a more sensitive diagnostic index than radiography. Noticeable deformities developed in one third of the patients with osteodystrophy, despite medical treatment including vitamin D2 therapy. Deformities were particularly frequent and Severe in patients whose renal failure developed in infancy. In all 13 patients whose growth patterns were studied before and after osteodystrophy developed, the onset of bone lesions was associated with a deterioration of growth, indicating that osteodystrophy plays a major role in causing the growth retardation commonly observed in children with chronic renal failure.

scholarly journals Changes in growth and migration patterns of sea trout before and after the introduction of Atlantic salmon farming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindre Håvarstein Eldøy ◽  
D Ryan ◽  
W K Roche ◽  
E B Thorstad ◽  
T F Næsje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Salmon Farming ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Visual Reading

Marine growth has strong implications for reproductive potential and ultimate fitness of sea trout. Hence, the effects of anthropogenic factors on marine growth are important when evaluating population responses and implementing management measures. Temporal changes in growth patterns of sea trout from three Norwegian and two Irish watercourses were examined, covering time spans of 25–65 years. Elemental chemistry Ba:Ca profiles and visual reading of fish scales were used to estimate smolt length and lifetime growth after first sea entry. Reduced growth after the first sea entry coincided with periods of nearby (<14 km) salmon-farming activity in impacted watersheds in both countries. Increased Ba:Ca levels were also recorded during these periods, likely indicating reduced residency in marine habitats caused by premature return to freshwater and estuaries. An increase in estimated length at first sea entry coinciding with salmon-farming activity, for groups of fish sampled after sea migration, suggests a size-selective marine mortality, with the smallest individuals experiencing a larger mortality.

Influence of Photoperiod on Smolt Development and Growth of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo solar)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1295-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Saunders ◽  
Eugene B. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
External Stimuli

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) subjected in the spring to a constant photoperiod of 13 hr light/day or to simulated natural photoperiod (increasing day length) smoltified and grew rapidly before and after entering sea water. Others subjected to the reciprocal (complement) of natural photoperiod (decreasing day length in the spring) had the silvery color of smolts and grew rapidly but, unlike smolts, developed high condition factors while in fresh water. After they were transferred to sea water these fish ate less, grew more slowly, and had lower efficiencies of food conversion than those subjected to natural and constant photoperiod.Salmon experiencing reciprocal photoperiod had decreased sensitivity to external stimuli, suggesting reduced thyroid activity. Histological studies in June showed no differences in the appearance of the thyroid glands, suggesting no difference in thyroid activity between groups in natural and reciprocal photoperiod. Nor was there any difference in plasma osmotic and chloride levels between natural and reciprocal photoperiod groups, either in routinely active or fatigued fish.It is suggested that photoperiod acts through the endocrine system to affect growth patterns during and after smoking and possibly certain aspects of the smolting process itself. Effects of photoperiod on smolting and growth of salmon are discussed in connection with other cyclical changes in salmonid physiology known to be influenced by photoperiod.

scholarly journals Influence of European Red Mite on Leaf and Whole-canopy Carbon Dioxide Exchange, Yield, Fruit Size, Quality, and Return Cropping in `Starkrimson Delicious' Apple Trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Lakso ◽  
G.B. Mattii ◽  
J.P. Nyrop ◽  
S.S. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Late Season ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Individual Trees

The hypothesis was tested that effects of late-season European Red Mite (ERM) [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] injury on apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit development are better explained by carbon physiology than by pest densities. Midseason ERM populations were allowed to develop in mature semi-dwarf `Starkrimson Delicious'/M26 trees with moderately heavy crops, then were controlled with miticides at different mite-day (activity of one mite per leaf for 1 day) levels as estimated by weekly leaf sampling. The range of final mite-days was from 250 to 2100 on individual trees. Seasonal fruit growth patterns were monitored. Diurnal whole-canopy net CO2 exchange rate (NCER) was measured in eight clear flexible balloon whole-canopy chambers on several dates before and after mite infestations. Mite injury reduced fruit growth rates. Leaf and whole-canopy NCER were reduced similarly. Late season fruit growth and final fruit size were correlated with accumulated mite-days, but were better correlated to whole-canopy NCER per fruit. Fruit firmness, color, soluble solids and starch ratings showed no correlation to mite-days. Number of flower clusters per tree and final fruit per tree the following year were not related to accumulated mite-days, but final fruit per tree the following year were better correlated to whole-canopy NCER per fruit. These results generally supported the hypothesis.

Growth Patterns in the Orbital Region: A Morphometric Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie G. Farkas ◽  
Jeffrey C. Posnick ◽  
Tania M. Hreczko ◽  
Gaylene E. Pron
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Orbital Region

Data for analysis of age-related changes in growth in the intercanthal (en–en) and biocular (ex–ex) widths were obtained from 1,594 healthy North American Caucasians in age groups from 1 to 18 years, divided equally between males and females. At 1 year, the degree of development of the intercanthal width reached 84.1%, and that of the biocular width 85.9% of adults in both sexes. The levels of growth achieved by 5 years of age rose to 93.3% in the intercanthal width and 88.1% in the biocular width, in both sexes. The average total growth increments achieved between ages 1 and 18 years were 5.2 mm in the intercanthal width and 12.5 mm in the biocular. The intercanthal width showed very little growth after 1 year of age; in contrast, the biocular width showed significantly greater growth increments both before and after 5 years of age. Rapid growth was observed between 3 and 4 years in the intercanthal width of both sexes. The age-related growth observed in the biocular width was small but continuous up to maturation time. The intercanthal width reached full maturation at 8 years in females and 11 years in males, and the biocular width at 13 years in females and 15 years in males.

The Productivity of Nations

2018 ◽  
pp. 780-816
Author(s):  
Oleg Badunenko ◽  
Daniel J. Henderson ◽  
Valentin Zelenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
Productivity Distribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Main Criticism

This chapter scrutinizes research on the productivity of nations, with a particular focus on the preceding 50 years. First, it briefly synopsizes “classic” studies on economic growth and convergence of nations. The main criticism of these studies is that they did not account for potential inefficiency of countries. The production frontier literature attempts to deal with this issue, and the chapter gives a brief introduction to it with a focus on data envelopment analysis. One central point of this review is the analysis of sources of productivity growth before and after 1990, a period of time that appears to be a point of structural change in growth patterns around the world. The second thread of this chapter concerns the forces behind the transformation of the worldwide productivity distribution from a unimodal to a bimodal distribution during the 1990s. Finally, it emphasizes caveats and outlines possible directions for future research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document