Factors Affecting Response Rates to Natural Resource - Focused Mail Surveys: Empirical Evidence of Declining Rates Over Time

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANCY A. CONNELLY ◽  
TOMMY L. BROWN ◽  
DANIEL J. DECKER
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Over Time

Predicting Response Speed in Mail Surveys

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Huxley
Keyword(s):  
Response Speed ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Over Time

All mail surveys encounter resistance when they arrive at their destination because they must compete with all other elements in the respondent's environment for his or her time and cooperation. This resistance varies in degree from survey to survey but the pattern of responses it generates over time is remarkably consistent for all surveys: relatively rapid returns in the early stages followed by a gradual tapering off. This pattern can be described by a simple mathematical function, the modified exponential, which relates response rates to elapsed time. The purpose of this article is to indicate how the parameters of this function can be estimated, and how it can be used to predict response speed, forecast the time needed to achieve a desired number of responses, or estimate the number of questionnaires that ought to be mailed out initially.

Media Malaise and the Decline of Legitimacy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Van Aelst
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Political News ◽  
Negative Tone ◽  
Election News ◽  
Over Time

This chapter analyzes media malaise theories and their consequences for legitimacy. These theories argue that the increasing availability of information through new and old media and increasingly negative tone of media are to blame for declining legitimacy. The chapter examines these claims by providing a systematic review of empirical research on media and political support. It first investigates whether news coverage has become more negative over time, and then examines the micro process that might explain the link between media coverage and political support. Empirical evidence suggests that where coverage has become more negative, this occurred before the 1990s and has levelled off since, and is concentrated primarily in election news. Negative political news does have a modest impact on political support once controlled for level of education, but that effect can be positive and negative, depending on the medium, the receiver, and the indicator of political support.

scholarly journals Non-random associations in group housed rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Proops ◽  
Camille A. Troisi ◽  
Tanja K. Kleinhappel ◽  
Teresa Romero
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEcological factors, such as predation, have traditionally been used to explain sociability. However, it is increasingly recognised that individuals within a group do not associate randomly, and that these non-random associations can generate fitness advantages. The majority of the empirical evidence on differentiated associations in group-living mammals, however, comes from a limited number of taxa and we still know very little about their occurrence and characteristics in some highly social species, such as rats (Rattus spp.). Here, using network analysis, we quantified association patterns in four groups of male fancy rats. We found that the associations between rats were not randomly distributed and that most individuals had significantly more preferred/avoided associates than expected by random. We also found that these preferences can be stable over time, and that they were not influenced by individuals’ rank position in the dominance hierarchy. Our findings are consistent with work in other mammals, but contrast with the limited evidence available for other rat strains. While further studies in groups with different demographic composition are warranted to confirm our findings, the occurrence of differentiated associations in all male groups of rats have important implications for the management and welfare of captive rat populations.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Voluntary Self-Isolation Behavior to Cope with a Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Colombia vs. Spain in Times of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Diana Escandon-Barbosa ◽  
Andrea Hurtado ◽  
Alina Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Volitional Behavior

Global pandemics are not a new phenomenon. They have occurred at different points in time and can be of different scales. COVID-19 appeared in 2020 and its spread has reached more than 60 countries worldwide. This research aims to analyze voluntary self-isolation behavior used to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of this study, we carried out sampling in Colombia and Spain, which share similar cultural characteristics but which have substantial social and economic differences. A multi-group model was used to test the application of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action in order to analyze self-isolation behavior. The results show that there are differences in self-isolation behavior between both countries, especially with regard to attitudes towards self-isolation and volitional behavior.

Methodology Meets Technology: Survey Response Rates Using Mail, Email and Fax

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (37) ◽  
pp. 581-584
Author(s):  
Michael S. Wogalter ◽  
Meredith F. Yarbrough ◽  
David W. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Methodological Issue ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Survey Response ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Postal Mail

The use of email and fax communications has increased dramatically over the last decade. They are now commonplace methods of information exchange. Most research involving questionnaires has used postal mail to deliver and return the surveys from recipients who might not otherwise be reached through live administration. A frequent methodological issue with mail surveys is low levels of return rates. The present research compared the return rates of a survey that was sent by mail, email or fax. Participants could return the survey by any of the same three methods. The results showed that postal mail and email exhibited higher return rates than facsimiles and that the method of return tended to be the same method in which the questionnaire was originally sent. Implications of these results for survey research are discussed.

THE EFFECT OF INDUSTRIAL REVITALIZATION IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ON INDUSTRIAL EXPORTS OF CHINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
SIZHUO CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Proxy Variables ◽  
Over Time

This study analyzes the effects of industrial revitalization in developed countries on China’s industrial exports. Using a rich panel dataset and a difference-in-difference method, I find empirical evidence consistent with the hypothesis that industrial revitalization policies in developed countries discourage China’s industrial exports, and these effects have become more apparent over time. This finding is robust to other proxy variables for industrial revitalization policies and robustness checks.

Tone of Postcards in Increasing Survey Response Rates

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Price ◽  
Faith Yingling ◽  
Eileen Walsh ◽  
Judy Murnan ◽  
Joseph A. Dake
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Survey Response ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Second Wave

This study assessed differences in response rates to a series of three-wave mail surveys when amiable or insistently worded postcards were the third wave of the mailing. Three studies were conducted; one with a sample of 600 health commissioners, one with a sample of 680 vascular nurses, and one with 600 elementary school secretaries. The combined response rates for the first and second wave mailings were 65.8%, 67.6%, and 62.4%, respectively. A total of 308 amiable and 308 insistent postcards were sent randomly to nonrespondents as the third wave mailing. Overall, there were 41 amiable and 52 insistent postcards returned, not significantly different by chi-square test. However, a separate chi-square test for one of the three studies, the nurses' study, did find a significant difference in favor of the insistently worded postcards.

scholarly journals Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Job Engagement in Successful Organizations

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wageeh A. Nafei
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Organizational Engagement ◽  
Organizational Silence ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Practical Implications

<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although the phenomenon of Organizational Silence (OS) is widely seen in organizations, there is little empirical evidence regarding its nature and components. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of OS and its effects on JE at Menoufia University Hospitals in Egypt.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach</strong>: To assess OS, refer to (OS questionnaire, Schechtman, 2008; Brinsfield, 2009) and JE (JE questionnaire, Rich et al., 2010). Five dimensions of OS are constructed and measured in order to examine their effects on JE at Menoufia University Hospitals in Egypt. Out of the 338 questionnaires that were distributed to employees, 300 usable questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 88%. Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) was used to confirm the research hypotheses.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Results indicate that supervisors’ attitudes to silence, top management attitudes to silence and communication opportunities are associated and predict ES behaviour. The research has found that there is significant relationship between OS and JE. Also, the research has found that OS directly affects JE. In other words, OS is one of the biggest barriers to organizational engagement of the employees at Menoufia University Hospitals in Egypt.</p><p><strong>Practical implications:</strong> This research contributes to stimulate scientific research, particularly in terms of testing the model content, as well as studying the research variables and the factors affecting them. In addition, this research pointed to the need for organizations to adopt a culture which encourages and urges employees to speak in the labor issues and the non-silence in order for the administration to be able to realize these issues and try to solve them first hand in order to prevent their aggravation.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>Although the phenomenon of silence is expected in organizations, there is little empirical evidence in the literature aimed at defining, analyzing, and coping with it. Silence climate has an impact on the ability of organizations to detect errors and learn. Therefore, organizational effectiveness is negatively affected. This research aims to measure the effect of OS on JE. Based on the findings of this research, some important implications are discussed.</p>

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