The 1999 WHO-ISH Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension New targets, new treatment and a comprehensive approach to total cardiovascular risk reduction

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 3-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
LENNART HANSSON ◽  
THOMAS HEDNER ◽  
ANDERS HIMMELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
New Targets ◽  
New Treatment

PCSK9 inhibition for LDL lowering and beyond – implications for patients with peripheral artery disease

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Gebauer ◽  
Holger Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibition

Abstract. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been proven to be a causal factor of atherosclerosis and, along with other triggers like inflammation, the most frequent reason for peripheral arterial disease. Moreover, a linear correlation between LDL-C concentration and cardiovascular outcome in high-risk patients could be established during the past century. After the development of statins, numerous randomized trials have shown the superiority for LDL-C reduction and hence the decrease in cardiovascular outcomes including mortality. Over the past decades it became evident that more intense LDL-C lowering, by either the use of highly potent statin supplements or by additional cholesterol absorption inhibitor application, accounted for an even more profound cardiovascular risk reduction. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a serin protease with effect on the LDL receptor cycle leading to its degradation and therefore preventing continuing LDL-C clearance from the blood, is the target of a newly developed monoclonal antibody facilitating astounding LDL-C reduction far below to what has been set as target level by recent ESC/EAS guidelines in management of dyslipidaemias. Large randomized outcome trials including subjects with PAD so far have been able to prove significant and even more intense cardiovascular risk reduction via further LDL-C debasement on top of high-intensity statin medication. Another approach for LDL-C reduction is a silencing interfering RNA muting the translation of PCSK9 intracellularly. Moreover, PCSK9 concentrations are elevated in cells involved in plaque composition, so the potency of intracellular PCSK9 inhibition and therefore prevention or reversal of plaques may provide this mechanism of action on PCSK9 with additional beneficial effects on cells involved in plaque formation. Thus, simultaneous application of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors promise to reduce cardiovascular event burden by both LDL-C reduction and pleiotropic effects of both agents.

Exercise-induced alterations of retinal vessel diameters and cardiovascular risk reduction in obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hanssen ◽  
T. Nickel ◽  
V. Drexel ◽  
G. Hertel ◽  
I. Emslander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Retinal Vessel Diameters

Anacetrapib, a Novel CETP Inhibitor: Pursuing a New Approach to Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Gutstein ◽  
R Krishna ◽  
D Johns ◽  
H K Surks ◽  
H M Dansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cetp Inhibitor
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