Determination of Critical Tissue Phosphorus Concentration in Mungbean and Urdbean for Plant Diagnostics

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2017-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Venkatesh ◽  
K. K. Hazra ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Tissue Phosphorus

Novel sliding hybrid microchip detection system for determination of whole blood phosphorus concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 129592
Author(s):  
Chin-Chung Tseng ◽  
Szu-Jui Chen ◽  
Song-Yu Lu ◽  
Chien-Hsuan Ko ◽  
Ju-Ming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration

Fast Determination of Phosphorus Concentration in Phosphogypsum Waste Using Calibration-Free LIBS in Air and Helium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Elsayed ◽  
Walid Tawfik ◽  
Ashraf E M Khater ◽  
Tarek S Kayed ◽  
Mohamed Fikry
Keyword(s):  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Characteristic Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Calibration Free

Abstract This work represents a novel method to determine phosphorus (P) concentration in phosphogypsum (PG) waste samples using calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A 50 mJ Q-switched Nd: YAG laser has generated the PG LIBS spectrum. Spectroscopic analysis of plasma evolution has been characterized by electron density Ne and electron temperature Te using the emission intensity and stark broadening for P I characteristic lines 213.61, 214.91, and 215.40 nm under non-purged (air) and purged (helium) conditions. It was found that both Te and Ne have significant changes linearly with P concentrations 4195, 5288, 6293, and 6905 ppm. The values of plasma Te and Ne increased from about 6900 to 10000 K and 1.1×1017 to 3.4×1017 cm− 3, respectively, for the non-purged PG. On the other hand, Te and Ne ranged from 8200 to 11000 K and 1.4×1017 to 3.5×1017 cm− 3, respectively, for the PG purged with helium. It is concluded that Te and Ne values represent a fingerprint plasma characterization for a given P concentration in PG samples, which can be used to identify P concentration without a PG's complete analysis. These results demonstrate a new achievement in the field of spectrochemical analysis of environmental applications.

scholarly journals Iron as a disturbing factor in the determination of phosphate by the molybdenum blue method

1954 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Colour Intensity ◽  
Molybdenum Blue ◽  
Fading Effect

The interference of ferric and ferrous iron in the determination of phosphate by the molybdenum blue method has been studied. It was found that the presence of ferric iron in the solutions could cause either an increase or a decrease in the colour intensity depending on the amount of stannous chloride applied and on the acid and molybdate concentrations in the reagent. Also the phosphorus concentration exerted its effect upon the course of the errors. If the original modification of Truog and Meyer was employed, generally, the most convenient way for the elimination of the interference of ferric iron was to dilute the solution. An increase in the amount of stannous chloride largely helped to prevent the fading effect of ferric iron, provided the phosphorus concentration was not lower than 0.25 ppm. When the effect of ferric iron upon the development of molybdenum blue at various concentrations of sulphuric acid and ammonium molybdate was studied, the observation was made that at each acidity there could be found a concentration of molybdate in which the effect of even fairly high amounts of ferric iron was almost negligible. In lower molybdate concentrations the presence of ferric iron caused an increase in the colour intensity, in higher molybdate concentrations the fading effect of ferric iron was marked. This most suitable level of the molybdate concentration depended to a certain degree on the phosphorus concentration of the solution and on the amount of stannous chloride applied. Fairly good results could be obtained, if the ratio of molybdate (expressed as mg/ml) to acid (expressed as normality) in the solution to be reduced was five times as high as the acidity of the solution to be reduced (expressed as its normality), e.g. 4 in 0.8 N acid, 3.5 in 0.7 N acid, 3 in 0.6 N acid etc. Although it seemed to be fairly possible to avoid the interference of ferric iron by a proper choice of the concentrations of acid and molybdate and of the amount of stannous chloride applied, the fading effect of ferrous iron could not be prevented, if only sulphuric acid was used in the reagents. But the substitution of sulphuric acid by hydrochloric acid totally prevented the fading effect of ferrous iron. On the contrary, a slight increase in the colour intensity was demonstrated. This was true also when only one half of the acid present was hydrochloric acid. It was found that this mixture of sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid in the molybdate reagent offers an available way for the elimination of the disturbing effect of iron.

scholarly journals Fast determination of phosphorus concentration in phosphogypsum waste using calibration-free LIBS in air and helium

2022 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Elsayed ◽  
Walid Tawfik ◽  
Ashraf E. M. Khater ◽  
Tarek S. Kayed ◽  
Mohamed Fikry
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Fast Determination ◽  
Calibration Free ◽  
Phosphogypsum Waste

scholarly journals Grass–Legume Forage Systems Effect on Phosphorus Removal from a Grassland Historically Irrigated with Reclaimed Wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2256
Author(s):  
Everald Mclennon ◽  
Juan K. Q. Solomon ◽  
Jason Davison
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Main Station ◽  
Tissue Phosphorus ◽  
Response Variables

The utilization of reclaimed wastewater is a suitable and sustainable approach to agriculture production in water-scarce regions. However, even though the wastewater is treated to reduce nutrient concentration such as phosphorus, the 10,600 to 14,006 m3 of water applied ha−1 year−1 on grass and alfalfa hay crops in Nevada can lead to soil phosphorus buildup over an extended period. This study evaluated the effectiveness of forage systems (FS) of monoculture grass, monoculture legume, and their mixtures on herbage accumulation, tissue phosphorus concentration, and quantity of phosphorus removed from a grassland under wastewater irrigation. The study was carried out at the Main Station Field laboratory in Reno, Nevada, USA. A total of 23 FS using tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in monocultures or grass–legume mixtures (25:75, 50:50, and 75:25) based on seeding rate were used. The response variables were herbage accumulation (HA), tissue phosphorus concentration, and phosphorus removal. Forage systems means were considered different P ≤ 0.05. Herbage accumulation, tissue phosphorus concentration, and phosphorus removal differed among FS and year. Herbage accumulation was similar for the grass monocultures (10.5 Mg ha−1; SE = 1.1) and the majority of the grass–legume mixtures (9.0 Mg ha−1; SE = 1.1) but both systems had greater HA than legumes monoculture (4.3 Mg ha−1; SE = 1.1). The legume monocultures of alfalfa and white clover had the greatest phosphorus concentrations (10.9 g kg−1 dry matter; SE = 0.44) among all FS. Total phosphorus removed was least among legume monocultures (34.0 kg P ha−1; SE = 6.2) in this study and generally similar for grass monocultures (67.4 kg P ha−1; SE = 6.2) and grass–legume mixtures of 75:25 (61.7 kg P ha−1; SE = 6.2). Based on the response variables, agronomic, and environmental considerations a grass–legume mixture that includes 75:25 or even a 50:50 seeding rate ratio will be suitable options for phosphorus removal from phosphorus enriched grasslands in semiarid ecosystems that utilized wastewater for irrigation.

Critical phosphorus concentrations in parts of Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro and Desmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf as affected by plant age

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Johansen ◽  
KE Merkley ◽  
GR Dolby
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Phosphorus Status

Critical phosphorus concentrations were determined for different parts of Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro and Desmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf at several plant ages in order to establish an appropriate sampling technique for chemical analysis of phosphorus status. Critical phosphorus concentrations were derived by using a non-rectangular hyperbola functional relationship which allowed calculation of variance associated with critical values. When expressed relative to tissue dry weight, critical phosphorus concentrations in whole shoots declined from 0.30�0,03% (95% confidence limits) at 41 days from sowing to 0.09� 0.01 % at 77 days for Siratro and from 0.33 � 0.14 % at 45 days to 0.16 � 0.03 % at 73 days for Greenleaf. Similar declines in critical phosphorus concentration with plant age were measured for combinations of all parts of the upper shoot back to the fourth expanded leaf. Thus plant age effects and variability associated with each determination of critical phosphorus concentration would limit the practicability of phosphorus analysis in detecting marginal phosphorus deficiency. This especially applies to plants growing as perennials in pastures where identification of plant age is not possible. Plant age effects can be lessened to some extent when critical phosphorus concentrations are calculated relative to tissue water, but it is suggested that less empirical techniques of plant analysis are required if plant age effects on critical phosphorus concentrations are to be overcome.

scholarly journals A New Sensitive Bioassay for Determination of Microbially Available Phosphorus in Water

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 2032-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku J. Lehtola ◽  
Ilkka T. Miettinen ◽  
Terttu Vartiainen ◽  
Pertti J. Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Sensitive Method

ABSTRACT The content of assimilable organic carbon has been proposed to control the growth of microbes in drinking water. However, recent results have shown that there are regions where it is predominantly phosphorus which determines the extent of microbial growth in drinking waters. Even a very low concentration of phosphorus (below 1 μg of P liter−1) can promote extensive microbial growth. We present here a new sensitive method to determine microbially available phosphorus concentrations in water down to 0.08 μg of P liter−1. The method is a bioassay in which the analysis of phosphorus in a water sample is based on maximum growth ofPseudomonas fluorescens P17 when the energy supply and inorganic nutrients, with the exception of phosphorus, do not limit bacterial growth. Maximum growth (CFU) in the water sample is related to the concentration of phosphorus with the factor 373,200 ± 9,400 CFU/μg of PO4-P. A linear relationship was found between cell growth and phosphorus concentration between 0.05 to 10 μg of PO4-P liter−1. The content of microbially available phosphorus in Finnish drinking waters varied from 0.1 to 10.2 μg of P liter−1 (median, 0.60 μg of P liter−1).

Physiological responses of semiarid grasses. III.* Growth in relation to temperature and soil water deficit

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
EK Christie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Ample Supply ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Tissue Phosphorus

The optimum temperature for vegetative growth of mulga grass was about 25°C, and for Mitchell and buffel grasses 30°. Buffel grass had the highest yield at all temperatures, partly because of its higher growth rate which in turn can be ascribed to both a higher net assimilation rate and the diversion of a greater proportion of dry weight into leaf area. Seedlings with an ample supply of phosphate had higher relative growth rates than phosphorus-deficient seedlings at the commencement of the soil drying cycle, but their growth rates declined more rapidly as the soil water potential fell. This decline was associated with a reduction in the rate of phosphate absorption as well as a decrease in the tissue phosphorus concentration. *Part II, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 437 (1975).

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