ROOT EXUDATION AND ZINC UPTAKE BY BARLEY GENOTYPES DIFFERING IN ZN EFFICIENCY

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1120-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
MirHasan Rasouli-Sadaghiani ◽  
Behzad Sadeghzadeh ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Zed Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudation ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Zn Efficiency ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

Effects of maternal smoking on zinc uptake by placental microvillous border membranes

Placenta ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. A8
Author(s):  
P. Bush ◽  
D.R. Abramovich ◽  
P.J.A. Aggett ◽  
M. Bain ◽  
M.D. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Zinc Uptake

The combined effect of nitrogen fertilizer and sowing season on response to water-limited stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
S. Bardehji ◽  
H. R. Eshghizadeh ◽  
M. Zahedi ◽  
M. R. Sabzalian ◽  
M. Gheisari
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Sowing Season ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract A field experiment was carried out for over two seasons (autumn and spring) as a split–split plot scheme based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots included two irrigation levels of the maximum available water depletion (maximum allowable depletion (MAD)) of 55 and 85% as non-stress and drought-stress environments, respectively, and the subplot accommodated two levels of nitrogen (0 and 62.5 kg N/ha, urea fertilizer); also, 20 barley genotypes were assigned to the sub-subplots. The biplot analysis of both sowing seasons showed that grain yield (GY) had a high positive correlation with total biomass (TB), whereas it had a high negative correlation with proline and total soluble carbohydrate as drought-tolerance-determinant characteristics. The genotypes which had the lowest and highest GY ranked significantly (P ≤ 0.01) different with changing the sowing season under each irrigation level, indicating a larger plant interaction and non-stability in response to the season change (about two-fold), as compared to the change in the irrigation conditions. It could also be concluded that barley genotypes might experience a higher decrease in GY and sensitivity to water deficit in the autumn sowing season, as compared to the spring planting season, which was also intensified by nitrogen application. However, the response to nitrogen application depends on the plant genotype.

scholarly journals Absorption and Elimination of the Allelochemical MBOA by Weeds during Seedling Growth

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Alberto Oliveros-Bastidas ◽  
José M. G. Molinillo ◽  
Francisco A. Macias ◽  
Nuria Chinchilla
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Xenobiotic Compound

6-Methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) is an allelochemical that is found in Poaceae and is generally associated with monocotyledon species. This compound is formed from the glycosylated form of 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (Gly-DIMBOA) by a two-stage degradation process. The MBOA detoxification capacity of two weed species, namely Echinochloa crus-galli and Lolium rigidum, and a resistant biotype of Lolium rigidum (SLR31) was studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. The product of metabolism is similar for both weed species. This finding indicates that these weeds probably metabolize xenobiotics by an identical route, since the product detected was the same in both cases. Kinetic studies on the absorption and translocation to the shoot showed differences in these processes depending on the species. The analysis of treated plants, which were subsequently transplanted to a growth medium without xenobiotic compound, showed that the weeds studied are capable of transmitting the previously absorbed compound to the medium by root exudation. The results show that this process is another defense mechanism of plants facing external threats.

scholarly journals Biological nitrification inhibition in maize—isolation and identification of hydrophobic inhibitors from root exudates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junnosuke Otaka ◽  
Guntur Venkata Subbarao ◽  
Hiroshi Ono ◽  
Tadashi Yoshihashi
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudation ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Nitrification Inhibition ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Biological Nitrification

AbstractTo control agronomic N losses and reduce environmental pollution, biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) is a promising strategy. BNI is an ecological phenomenon by which certain plants release bioactive compounds that can suppress nitrifying soil microbes. Herein, we report on two hydrophobic BNI compounds released from maize root exudation (1 and 2), together with two BNI compounds inside maize roots (3 and 4). On the basis of a bioassay-guided fractionation method using a recombinant nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea, 2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (1, ED50 = 2 μM) was identified for the first time from dichloromethane (DCM) wash concentrate of maize root surface and named “zeanone.” The benzoxazinoid 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (HDMBOA, 2, ED50 = 13 μM) was isolated from DCM extract of maize roots, and two analogs of compound 2, 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (HMBOA, 3, ED50 = 91 μM) and HDMBOA-β-glucoside (4, ED50 = 94 μM), were isolated from methanol extract of maize roots. Their chemical structures (1–4) were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. The contributions of these four isolated BNI compounds (1–4) to the hydrophobic BNI activity in maize roots were 19%, 20%, 2%, and 4%, respectively. A possible biosynthetic pathway for zeanone (1) is proposed. These results provide insights into the strength of hydrophobic BNI activity released from maize root systems, the chemical identities of the isolated BNIs, and their relative contribution to the BNI activity from maize root systems.

scholarly journals Genotype X Environment Interaction of Food Barley

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Gebremedhin Welu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genotype X Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Genotype Effect ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The objective of this experiment was to estimate the magnitude of genotype X environment interaction on grain yield and yield related traits. Twelve varieties of food barley were included in the study planted in randomized complete block design with three replications. The ANOVA of combined and individual location revealed significant differences among the food barley genotypes for grain yield and other traits. The results of ANOVA for grain yield showed highly significant (p≤0.01) differences among genotypes evaluated for grain yield at Maychew and significant (p≤0.05) differences in Korem, Alage and Mugulat. The ANOVA over locations showed a highly significant (p≤0.01) variation for the genotype effect, environment effects, genotype X environment interaction (GEI) effect and significant (p≤0.05) variation for GEI effect of yield and for most of the yield related traits of food barley genotypes. Haftysene, Yidogit, Estayish and Basso were the genotypes with relatively high mean grain yield across all locations and they are highly performing genotypes to the area. Among locations, the highest mean grain yield was recorded at Korem and it was a suited environment to all the genotypes whereas Mugulat is unfavoured one. ECOPRINT 21: 41-48, 2014DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v21i0.11903

The regulation of zinc uptake in wheat plants

Plant Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo E. Santa-Marı́a ◽  
Daniel H. Cogliatti
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Uptake
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