The Safe Natal Home and Other Myths: Sibling Violence and Incest in India

Female labour force participation among young women in India is disturbingly low, and yet little evidence is available regarding the factors likely to affect the school-to-work transition among the young. Data from 325 girls aged 15–19 years and in-depth interviews with 10 of these girls and 9 of their mothers in one block of Jodhpur district, obtained from a mixed-methods study in Rajasthan, explore girls’ aspirations for professional, administrative or technical careers and factors likely constraining or facilitating their articulation of such aspirations. Findings show that girls who aspired for a professional, administrative or technical career were more likely than others to display better learning outcomes (odds ratio = 1.31), greater work-related agency and a readiness to overcome community obstacles (odds ratio, 1.28) than those who did not aspire for a professional, administrative or technical career. They were also more likely to be unmarried or married but residing in the natal home (odds ratio = 2.97) and have supportive parents (odds ratio = 1.37). In-depth interviews corroborate these obstacles. Findings underscore the need to empower girls and break down traditional norms held by girls, parents and communities. On the programme front, it is important to ensure empowerment programmes for girls and address the quality and girl-friendliness of education and vocational training opportunities.

Download Full-text

Physical and Emotional Sibling Violence in the Time of COVID -19

Journal of Family Violence ◽

10.1007/s10896-021-00249-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan H. Perkins ◽

Abha Rai ◽

Susan F. Grossman

Keyword(s):

Sibling Violence

Download Full-text

Dispersal patterns in a regional koala population in south-east Queensland

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr02043 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 281 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

David S. Dique ◽

Jim Thompson ◽

Harriet J. Preece ◽

Deidré L. de Villiers ◽

Frank N. Carrick

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Adult Males ◽

Dispersal Patterns ◽

Young Males ◽

Straight Line ◽

The Social ◽

Straight Line Distance ◽

Males And Females ◽

Natal Home

Koala dispersal was investigated as part of a detailed ecological study of a nationally significant koala population located 20 km south-east of Brisbane, Queensland. From 1996 to 2000, 195 koalas from three sites were captured and fitted with radio-collars. A total of 40 koalas (23 males and 17 females) dispersed from these sites. Most (93%) dispersing individuals were 20–36 months of age. Three adult females (more than 36 months old) dispersed and no adult males dispersed during the study. A significantly higher proportion of young males dispersed than females. Dispersal occurred between June and December, with most dispersal of males commencing in July and August and that of females commencing between September and November prior to, and early in, the annual breeding season. The mean straight-line distance between the natal and breeding home ranges for males and females was similar and was measured at 3.5 km (range 1.1–9.7 km) and 3.4 km (range 0.3–10.6 km) respectively. Dispersing males and females tended to successfully disperse south and west of their natal home ranges and were generally unable to successfully disperse to urban areas within the study area, as a high proportion of the mortality of dispersing koalas was associated with attacks by domestic dogs and with collisions with vehicles on roads. Information from other studies indicates that most young koalas disperse from their natal areas. It is likely that the social behaviour and mating systems of koala populations provide mechanisms for young koalas to disperse. The potential role of dispersal in the dynamics of regional koala populations is discussed.

Download Full-text

My Brother’s Reaper: Examining Officially Reported Siblicide Incidents in the United States, 2000–2007

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00032 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 523-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jeffrey A. Walsh ◽

Jessie L. Krienert

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Theoretical Foundation ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

The United States ◽

Male And Female ◽

Sibling Violence ◽

Extreme Form ◽

Older Brothers ◽

Intrafamilial Violence ◽

Frequent Offenders

With higher rates than any other form of intrafamilial violence, Hoffman and Edwards (2004) note, sibling violence “constitutes a pandemic form of victimization of children, with the symptoms often going unrecognized and the effect ignored” (p. 187). Approximately 80% of children reside with at least one sibling (Kreider, 2008), and in its most extreme form sibling violence manifests as siblicide. Siblicide is poorly understood with fewer than 20 empirical studies identified in the extant literature since 1980 (see Eriksen & Jensen, 2006). The present work employs 8 years of Supplemental Homicide Report (SHR) data, 2000–2007, with siblicide victims and offenders age 21 years and younger, to construct contemporary victim and offender profiles examining incident characteristics. Findings highlight the sex-based nature of the offense with unique victimization patterns across victims and offenders. Older brothers using a firearm are the most frequent offenders against both male and female siblings. Strain as a theoretical foundation of siblicide is offered as an avenue for future inquiry.

Download Full-text

Intergenerational Transmission of Physical and Emotional Sibling Violence: A Potential Connection to Elder Abuse

Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services ◽

10.1177/1044389418782429 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 256-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nathan H. Perkins ◽

Marcia Spira ◽

Julie Erin Key

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Life Course ◽

Family Violence ◽

Intergenerational Transmission ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Potential Risk Factor ◽

Sibling Violence ◽

Future Studies ◽

The Life Course

This article focuses on the persistence of physical and emotional sibling violence through the life course and its potential connection to elder abuse. Theories relevant to the linkage between sibling violence and elder abuse are presented and discussed. Highlighted is the need for future studies to examine the association between these forms of family violence in order for preventative and intervention mechanisms to be created and implemented. Implications for practice include the need to assess physical and emotional sibling violence as a potential risk factor for elder abuse.

Download Full-text

Predispersal home range shift of an ocelot Leopardus pardalis (Carnivora: Felidae) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v56i2.5623 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael Mares ◽

Ricardo S. Moreno ◽

Roland W. Kays ◽

Martin Wikelski

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Radio Telemetry ◽

Barro Colorado Island ◽

Range Shift ◽

Range Shifts ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Adult Size ◽

Subadult Male ◽

Leopardus Pardalis ◽

Natal Home

Home range shifts prior to natal dispersal have been rarely documented, yet the events that lead a subadult to abandon a portion of its home range and venture into unfamiliar territories, before eventually setting off to look for a site to reproduce, are probably related to the causes of dispersal itself. Here, we used a combination of manual radio-tracking and an Automated Radio Telemetry System to continuously study the movements of a subadult male ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), a solitary carnivore with sex-biased dispersal, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, for 18 months from May 2003 through October 2004. The subadult ocelot?s parents were also radio-tracked to record possible parent-offspring interactions within their home ranges. At the age of ca. 21 months the subadult gradually began to shift its natal home range, establishing a new one used until the end of the study, in an area that had previously been used by another dispersing subadult male. Only three parent-offspring interactions were recorded during the four months around the time the range-shift occurred. The apparent peaceful nature of these encounters, along with the slow transition out of a portion of his natal home range, suggest the subadult was not evicted from his natal area by his parents. The timing of the shift, along with the subadult?s increase in weight into the weight range of adult ocelots four months after establishing the new territory, suggests that predispersal home range shifts could act as a low risk and opportunistic strategy for reaching adult size, while minimizing competition with parents and siblings, in preparation for an eventual dispersal into a new breeding territory.

Download Full-text

Stability of white-tailed doe parturition ranges on a refuge in east-central Illinois

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z92-138 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 968-973 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Charles M. Nixon ◽

Lonnie P. Hansen ◽

Paul A. Brewer ◽

James E. Chelsvig

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Social Groups ◽

East Central ◽

Seasonal Movements ◽

Bottomland Forests ◽

Successional Forests ◽

Core Areas ◽

Continued Use ◽

Natal Home ◽

Central Illinois

Stability and retention of parturition sites were examined for 17 white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus) radio-marked on an 800-ha forested area in Piatt County, east-central Illinois. Pre- and post-natal home range sizes were not significantly correlated with density of females, age of doe, litter size (postnatal range only), or sex of litter. As females aged, parturition sites moved closer to prenatal centers of home range activity (P < 0.02), and overlap of both pre- and post-natal home range boundaries increased in consecutive years (P < 0.001). Postnatal core areas of related females evidenced considerable overlap, whereas those of unrelated does were discrete. Breeding does used upland successional forests (< 60 years old) more than expected and bottomland forests less than expected (P < 0.05) as sites for parturition. Through seasonal movements, including migratory and dispersal behaviors, does in east-central Illinois, where forests are scarce, use all available sites suitable for parturition. Selection and retention of these parturition sites promote the development of matriarchal social groups, which ensures continued use of these sites by related females.

Download Full-text